3种地下害虫杀虫剂对蚯蚓和土壤微生物的影响

评价地下害虫杀虫剂二嗪磷、丁硫克百威和氟虫腈的生物安全性.利用滤纸接触法对赤子爱胜蚯蚓染毒,研究它们对蚯蚓的急性毒性.结果表明:二嗪磷、丁硫克百威、氟虫腈72 h的LC50值分别为0.55、141.94、137.47 mg/L,毒性大小为二嗪磷>氟虫腈>丁硫克百威.利用密闭法测定了二嗪磷、丁硫克百威和氟虫腈对土壤呼吸强度的影响,并对其使用的环境安全性进行了评价,3种农药对土壤微生物均属于尤实际危害性级农药,其中丁硫克百威安全性最好,其次为氟虫腈,二嗪磷最差.     

薄层-溴量法测定哒嗪硫磷含量

哒嗪硫磷化学名称为O,O-二乙基-O-(3-氧基-2-苯基-2H-哒嗪-6)硫逐磷酸酯。其他名称哒净松、杀虫净等。有文献报道,可用气相色谱法、极谱法测定其有效成份。鉴于哒嗪硫磷工业品中杂质较     

近年我国开发的农药品种

1、杀虫剂胺丙畏、苯胺硫磷(胺甲硫磷)、丙硫磷、甲丙硫磷、速杀硫磷、三唑磷、毒死碑、二嗪农、杀扑磷、特丁磷、杀螟威、蔬果磷、灭多威、硫双灭多威、残杀威、抗蚜威、丁硫克百威、甲氨菊酯、灭蚊菊酯、富右反式丙烯菊酯、富右反式丙炔菊酯、右旋炔戊菊酯、右旋苯氰菊酯、溴氟菊酯、高顺氯氰菊酯、高效顺反氯氰菊酯、氯氟菊酯、S—反式丙烯菊酯、甲氧滴滴     

溶剂对二嗪磷缩合过程的影响

以2-异丙基-4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶和O，O-二乙基硫代磷酰氯为原料，采用共沸脱水工艺合成了二嗪磷，并重点讨论了溶剂及带水剂对二嗪磷产品的影响。通过正交实验，确定了缩合反应的适宜溶剂及带水剂，使缩合反应时间缩短为6h，副产物硫特普含量低于0．13％，收率达95．1％。     

杀虫剂和杀螨剂领域中的成就(下)

有机磷杀虫剂按生产和应用的规模,作为杀虫杀螨剂,有机磷化合物一直占据着主导地位。总的说来,象甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫、杀螟硫磷、二嗪磷、特丁磷这样的药剂早就被广泛应用,它们的年产量都超过1万吨。此外,不仅在工业发达的国家,而且在发展中国家还有几十种有机磷杀虫杀螨剂在生产。     

浙江化工信息

500t／a二嗪磷工业化试验研究通过技术鉴定2000年7月17日由浙江省科委委托石化厅组织专家组对温州农药厂500t／a二嗪磷工业试验研究进行了技术鉴定,与会专家一致认为,温州农药厂在国内首家实现了工业化生产二嗪磷及异丁腈,技术水平国内领先,产品填补了国内空白,该研究是我国自七十年代末进行的二嗪磷开发研究工作以来所取得的重大突破,在二嗪磷的工业化生产上迈出了关键的一步,该项目顺利通过了专家鉴定.温州农药厂的二嗪磷工业化生产技术采用异丁腈技术路线,以异丁腈为起始原料,经脒化、环化、缩合三步反应合成二嗪磷,平均总收率达到70．21…     

二嗪磷的杂质及其成因探讨

采用气相色谱－质谱联用技术，分离和鉴定了二嗪磷的杂质，并探讨了其成因。     

高含量克螨特原药的合成

在研究以往克螨特合成路线的基础上,通过优化工艺条件和在个别工序辅以助剂,使得原料转化率提高的同时,又将过量的部分脱除得更彻底,从而减少了克螨特原油中杂质的生成,将克螨特原油的含量和整体收率又提升到一个新的高度.     

2-异丙基-4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶的合成研究

羟基嘧啶是合成地亚农(二嗪磷、二嗪农)的重要中间体。二嗪磷是一种广谱、高效、毒性较低的有机磷杀虫剂，1952年首先由H．Gysin合成，随后汽巴-嘉基、诺华等公司中生产。二嗪磷具有触杀、胃毒、熏蒸和一定的内吸作用，适用于防治棉、水稻、小麦、蔬菜和花卉等作物的多种害虫及螨类，亦也可拌种防治作物的地下害虫。随着对甲胺磷、氧化乐果等高毒农药品种的限制和禁止使用，低毒农药二嗪磷是一种重要的替代品种，因此，开发工艺简单、成本低、含量高的羟基嘧啶的生产工艺具有重要意义。     

新杀菌剂“二硫磷”中试工艺技术报告

一、前言“二硫磷”是由南开大学元素所和天津农药厂首先筛选发现的防治水稻白叶枯病保护性杀菌剂,又名“稻枯磷”。其化学名称为:双-[O,O-二乙基硫代磷酰基]二硫化物,简称“二硫物”。我们于1978至1979年进行了其小试合成研究,1981年完成了年产50吨规模的“二硫磷”中型合成试验。“二硫磷”的化学结构式为:     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

Some aspects of the effect of the porosity of the condensed phase on the combustion of nitrocellulose propellants

This paper considers the mechanisms involved in the effect of the unconnected porosity of the condensed phase of nitrocellulose propellants on the linear burning rate with a pressure rise. A model based on experimental data is proposed for the variation in the linear burning rate taking into account the compaction of the fuel cells resulting in a nonlinear dependence of the burning rate on pressure. The temperature coefficient of the linear burning rate is found to exhibit a nontrivial behavior under pressure rise conditions in various ranges of initial temperatures. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 58–63, September–October, 2008.     

衬层预固化程度对衬层/推进剂界面粘接性能的影响

研究了壳体粘接式固体火箭发动机装药中衬层的固化程度对推进剂和衬层间界面粘接性能的影响,采用红外光谱技术对衬层固化过程中微观结构的变化进行了表征,初步探讨了衬层固化程度影响界面粘接强度的机理。结果表明,衬层固化0~8h,-NCO含量迅速下降,衬层与推进剂界面的粘接强度随衬层固化时间的增加而增大;固化8~40h时,衬层中的-NCO含量下降速度减小;衬层与推进剂界面的粘接强度随衬层固化时间的变化不大。     

磷石膏中杂质及除杂方法研究综述

磷石膏是湿法生产磷酸过程中的一种固体废弃物,是我国排放量很大的化学石膏。作者首先介绍了磷石膏的特性及应用现状,就磷石膏中杂质进行了分类和讨论,对磷石膏除杂工艺研究方法进行了分类介绍,对各种除杂方法的特点进行了归纳总结。     

带滤机在种分玛瑙填料生产中的应用

首先介绍了国内外复合材料行业使用的填料氢氧化铝的发展趋势;其次介绍了带式真空过滤机在国内外发展及应用的概况,并对其工作原理做了陈述。最后叙述了其在种分玛瑙生产线上的应用情况、存在问题及解决方法。     

分离瓦斯凝液完善熄灭火炬措施

在分析和查找瓦斯凝液成因的基础上,通过增设吸收塔等措施,以焦化汔柴油为介质吸收凝液,实现了瓦斯中凝液的分离和回收,在炼油厂低压瓦斯利用上收到了良好效果,为熄来火炬创造了条件。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Dependence of the dyeability of modified cotton on the substituents and the nature of the dye

Cotton cellulose was chemically modified by introducing acrylamide, acrylonitrile and carboxyalkyl moieties in the form of groups or polymers. In carbamylethylated, cyanoethylated and carboxymethylated cotton, these moieties are in monomeric groups, whereas, in graft copolymers of cotton cellulose with acrylamide, acrylonitrile or acrylic acid, the moieties are in polymeric forms. These substrates were dyed independently using direct, acid, basic or reactive dyes. Results showed that at roughly equal nitrogen content, polyacrylamide–cotton graft copolymer exhibited a much higher colour strength than carbamylethylated cotton when the two substrates were dyed using basic dye. The opposite is the case for direct and reactive dyes. The acid dye produced comparable colour strengths. Similar trends were observed when the other samples were dyed with these four dyes. The results were explained in terms of microstructural changes in the physical and chemical structure of cotton caused by the etherification and grafting reactions.