萃取-电泳萃取复合过程用于回收染料

基于染料不同的油溶性 ,将染料分为油溶性较好和油溶性较差两种 ,针对染料不同的亲油性质 ,选用几种有代表性的染料 ,以正丁醇为萃取剂实验研究了萃取 -电泳萃取方法进行染料分离的可行性。实验结果表明 ,对于水溶性好的染料可用电泳萃取从稀溶液中萃取染料 ,然后用萃取方法进行溶剂再生 ,并使染料浓缩 ;对于油溶性好的染料 ,则可用萃取进行染料的回收 ,而用电泳萃取方法进行溶剂再生。新的工艺流程对于染料的回收利用和控制染料水污染可望达到较好的水平     

络合萃取法处理2,3-酸生产废水的研究

本试验研究了采用络合萃取法回收 2 ,3 -酸生产废水中染料中间体的多种影响因素。试验表明通过萃取工艺处理 2 ,3 -酸生产废水是可行的 ,一级萃取出水CODcr在 10 0～ 2 0 0mg/L ,萃取率可达 96%以上     

二甲基乙酰胺水溶液的萃取分离研究

主要介绍了液液萃取法和精馏法回收废水中DMAC。讨论了液液萃取法中萃取剂的选择及对萃取平衡影响的因素:pH值、温度、氯化锂含量等,并讨论了多级萃取理论级数的计算和实验验证。通过对比萃取和精馏两种方法,萃取-分馏法是最好的选择。     

1-氨基蒽醌的合成方法

1-氨基蒽醌是制造多类染料的中间体,过去合成1-氨基蒽醌的方法是,在汞催化下,蒽醌磷化成蒽醌-1-磷酸,经氨解后得1-氨基蒽醌。由于汞对环境的污染,必须处理含汞污水,或者从废水中回收汞,这样则增加了生产成本。用蒽醌直接硝化还原法生产1-氨基蒽醌,不用汞做催化剂,但是反应选择性低,必须用精制的方法,才能得到较纯的产品。目前的研究工作集中在提高硝化选择性或者简化精制的方法上。     

络合萃取法处理磺酸类染料中间体工业废水的研究

以工业苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸废水处理为背景 ,考察了染料中间体废水处理的可行性。系统地测定了稀释剂、磷氧类和胺类络合剂对苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸萃取平衡的影响 ,确定了适宜的萃取剂组成 :三辛胺 (TOA) /正辛醇 /煤油 ;并进行了苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸工业废水处理的实验研究。结果表明 ,TOA对于苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸具有较高的萃取效率 ;废水中盐酸及盐的影响可通过控制废水的 pH值解决 ,多级错流萃取可有效去除废水中的苯胺 2 ,5 双磺酸和色度 ;同时 ,在间氨基苯磺酸废水的处理中也获得了较好的效果     

络合萃取技术在苯胺-硝基苯废水处理中的应用研究

苯胺生产过程产生的废水中通常含有硝基苯及酚，而硝基苯废水指生产硝基苯过程中产生的废水，该废水中通常含苯胺约几十mg／L、含硝基苯约几百mg/L。苯胺-硝基苯废水处理的难点在于提高废水的可生化性。目前，已有的预处理方法主要有物理吸附法、化学氧化法和络合萃取法等多种方法，其中络合萃取法弥补了物理法和化学法的缺点，更具高效性和高选择性，且萃取剂反萃取率效率高，     

从制药废水中回收苯乙酸

采取溶剂萃取法从制药废水中回收苯乙酸。实验考察了不同萃取剂的萃取效果，及萃取温度、萃取剂及其用量对萃取效果的影响。适宜的萃取剂为MIBK，萃取温度为70℃，萃取时间为15min。苯乙酸适宜的结晶温度为低于15℃，pH值为2．0-3．0。筛选出活性炭作脱色剂进行脱色，在每1000mL釜残液中添加15g活性炭脱色效果最好。此工艺条件下回收的苯乙酸收率〉90％，纯度〉99％，产品质量良好，可以用于医药行业如青霉素G的生产。     

络合萃取技术在苯胺-硝基苯废水处理中的应用研究

选用20％三烷基胺-80％加氢煤油作为萃取剂，进行四级萃取实验，探讨络合萃取技术处理苯胺-硝基苯废水工业化的可能性。实验结果表明，采用三烷基胺-加氢煤油混合溶剂对苯胺-硝基苯废水进行萃取，具有相当高的COD脱除率。     

维生素C酯生产废水中DMAC的回收技术

研究从维生素C脂肪酸酯生产废水中回收酯化反应溶剂DMAC的工艺技术,该废水中DMAC的含量约30%。在实验装置上分别模拟了精馏法和萃取法这2条回收技术路线。精馏法使用高径比为18∶1的不锈钢填料塔,内装比表面积为500 m2/m3、有效高度为1.6 m的规整填料,以1 000 g/h气相进料,确定最佳回流比为1∶1.5时,回收1 000 kg废水中DMAC的能耗为3 950 100 kJ。萃取法确定以与维生素C酯产品萃取相同的甲基异丙基酮为萃取剂,萃取比为2∶1、pH为7时,经6级逆流萃取,再经甲苯共沸脱水,回收1 000 kg废水中DMAC的能耗为916 248.4 kJ。2条技术路线都能回收可重复使用的酯化反应溶剂DMAC,回收率在96%以上,其中萃取法回收的能耗更低,回收成本小于精馏法,更具有工业化价值。     

4-甲基-2-肼基苯并噻唑合成工艺研究

研究了一种4-甲基-2-肼基苯并噻唑（简称：肼基苯并噻唑）的合成新工艺,该工艺以水代替乙二醇作为反应介质,以适当比例无机盐、肼盐、水合肼组成的复合体系与4-甲基-2-氨基苯并噻唑（简称：氨基苯并噻唑）反应,用有机萃取剂分离产物和母液,母液循环套用,有机萃取剂直接单釜化操作合成三环唑。该工艺操作简单成本低,收率含量指标与溶剂法相当,宜于工业化推广。     

苏丹高酸值重质原油脱酸新工艺探索

采用醇、胺等复合溶剂,对高酸值原油中的环烷酸进行抽提,详细讨论了抽提温度、搅拌速度、相分离时间及反应时间等因素对脱酸的影响. 实验结果表明,该方法有效地克服了乳化现象严重的缺点,经复合溶剂抽提,一次脱酸率可达70%以上.     

1-脱氧野尻霉素提取分离方法研究

研究了从桑叶中提取分离1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ),探讨了提取剂、提取方法、料液比、提取次数、时间等因素对提取率的影响。实验表明:提取的最佳条件为以65%的乙醇为提取剂,按料液比1∶8和1∶4超声强化细胞破碎20 m in(功率1800 W),732 H阳离子树脂分离,0.25 mol/L的氨水洗脱(洗脱速度1~2 mL/m in),提取率为95.8%,得率为124.54 mg/100 g,纯度为92.3%以上。本方法具有工艺流程简单、快速、提取率高的优点,适合于工业生产。     

Kariya (Hildegardia barteri) seed oil extraction: comparative evaluation of solvents,modeling, and optimization techniques

In this work, the effects of solid/solvent ratio (0.10–0.25?g/ml), extraction time (3–8?h), and solvent type (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone) together with their shared interactions on Kariya seed oil (KSO) yield were investigated. The oil extraction process was modeled via response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) while the optimization of the three input variables essential to the oil extraction process was carried out by genetic algorithm (GA) and RSM methods. The low mean relative percent deviation (MRPD) of 0.94–4.69% and high coefficient of determination (R²) > 0.98 for the models developed demonstrate that they describe the solvent extraction process with high accuracy in this order: ANFIS, ANN, and RSM. The best operating condition (solid/solvent ratio of 0.1?g/ml, extraction time of 8?h, and acetone as solvent of extraction) that gave the highest KSO yield (32.52?wt.%) was obtained using GA-ANFIS and GA-ANN. Solvent extraction efficiency evaluation showed that ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and acetone gave maximum experimental oil yields of 19.20?±?0.28, 25.11?±?0.01, and 32.33?±?0.04?wt.%, respectively. Properties of the KSO varied based on the type of solvent used. The results of this work showed that KSO could function as raw material in both food and chemical industries.     

Effect of Fenton's reagent on the degradability of CI Reactive Yellow 15

As an advanced oxidation method, Fenton's reagent has an advantage that it combines both oxidation and coagulation techniques. The aim of this study was to efficiently operate Fenton's reagent oxidation to degrade a reactive dye, CI Reactive Yellow 15, which is non-biodegradable and has high chemical oxygen demand. In addition, performance of the Fenton oxidation process for dye solution was determined by measuring the chemical oxygen demand and colour removal. The influence of the main operating parameters, iron sulphate and hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, temperature and dye concentration have been studied, in a batch-type operation. The results obtained show that the best pH value for decolorisation was pH 3, with an average decolorisation of 98.7% and average removal of chemical oxygen demand ca. 93.3% at 15 °C for a 0.065 molar ratio of Fenton's reagent. An increase in temperature resulted in higher removal rates.     

Impact of ozonation on subsequent treatment of azo dye solutions

BACKGROUND: Aqueous solutions of four azo‐dyes, Acid Red 14 (AR14), Congo Red (CR), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) were treated with ozone, and the impact of ozonation on their subsequent treatability by aerobic biodegradation processes was investigated. RESULTS: In all cases, ozonation at the highest ozone doses investigated could remove more than 96% of the original dye, and the corresponding residual colour of the azo dye solutions declined to less than 20 on the Pt‐Co scale. Ozonation also resulted in reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) the COD/TOC ratio and pH, while in all cases electrical conductivity of the dye solutions increased. Activity of the microbial colonies present in domestic wastewater was not inhibited when un‐ozonized solutions of these dyes were mixed in a 1:1 volumetric ratio with domestic wastewater, although the dyes themselves were not degraded. Also, no significant inhibition of microbial activity was observed in 1:1 mixtures of ozonized dye solutions and domestic wastewater, especially when the initial dye concentration was low and the applied ozone dose was high. In almost all cases, progressively enhanced BOD exertion was observed in mixtures containing dye solutions ozonized with progressively higher doses. This indicated that some ozonation by‐products of the above dyes could be degraded by microorganisms present in domestic wastewater. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the above dye solutions, after ozonation for partial or complete colour removal, could be mixed with domestic wastewater for subsequent treatment by aerobic biological processes, with no adverse impact on the activity of the microbial colonies present in domestic wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

应用[Omim][BF_4]为萃取剂分离钒铬渣酸浸液中钒/铬的研究

离子液体是一种新型绿色溶剂,在重金属离子萃取分离方面较传统的有机物质有显著的优势,但其成本昂贵是制约其作为溶剂应用的重要瓶颈,将其作为重要萃取剂是其扩大应用的一种有效途径。研究了1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体([Omim][BF_4])萃取分离V(Ⅴ)、Cr(Ⅲ)的影响因素,包括相比(O/A)、时间、温度及金属离子初始质量浓度。结果表明,[Omim][BF_4]对于钒铬渣酸浸液中的V(Ⅴ)具有较好的萃取选择性,而对于Cr(Ⅲ)的萃取能力较弱,可以用于钒铬分离,为钒铬渣的绿色资源化利用开辟了新的途径。     

A method of predicting effective solvent extraction parameters for recycling of used lubricating oils

Solvent extraction technique is one of the cheapest and most efficient processes experienced in recycling of used lubricating oils. In this paper, the performance of three extracting solvents (2-propanol, 1-butanol, and methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) in recycling used oil was evaluated experimentally. The effect of the most critical parameters (type of solvent, solvent to oil ratio, and extraction temperature) was investigated. The results show that MEK achieved the best performance with the lowest percent oil losses, followed by 2-propanol and 1-butanol, and as the extraction temperature increases the percent oil losses decreases. The anti-solvency energy (E_s), which originates from the solubility parameters difference between the solvent and oil was related to the solvent to oil ratio. It was found that the critical clarifying ratio predicted from such relations for the three solvents reasonably agrees with that measured experimentally. Relations between E_s and solvent to oil ratio give a proper guideline for preliminary evaluation of the extracting solvent. It also can be used to predict the optimum solvent:oil ratio and extraction temperature based on the solvent ability to dissolve the base oil in used motor oil.     

PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF PATENT BLUE V BY SUPPORTED TiO2: KINETICS,MINERALIZATION, AND REACTION PATHWAY

The photocatalytic degradation of patent blue V (sodium salt of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxide) in aqueous solutions has been investigated by using TiO₂-coated nonwoven fibers as the photocatalyst. Before the study began, adsorption in the dark was done, and the effect of the initial concentration of dye in the solution was determined. The mineralization was monitored by chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the HPLC-MS method was used to identify reaction intermediates. The experimental results show that adsorption is an important parameter, controlling the apparent kinetic constant of degradation. The rate of fading was favored by a high concentration of dye in the solution with respect to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The COD abatement was slower than the discoloration of the solution; this indicates that the dye was not directly mineralized, but transformed to intermediate photoproducts. These intermediate photoproducts lead to other cycles of degradation, to the point of total mineralization. Several by-products were detected and identified by HPLC-MS. On the basis of these findings, we propose a probable degradation pathway as critical for assessing the suitability of detoxification procedures for the degradation of particular contaminant classes.     

丙酮-四氢呋喃-水混合物的清洁分离工艺的概念设计

引言 四氢呋喃（THF）既是一种性能优良的贵重有机溶剂,又是一种重要的有机合成中间体,因此在制药、涂料、皮革等领域应用广泛．当四氢呋喃用作溶剂时,由于其不被消耗,往往需要进行回收．但四氢呋喃易与水、丙酮等其他极性溶剂形成共沸物,而生产中又常需要四氢呋喃的纯度足够高,进而增加了分离提纯难度．