合金激光表面改性的研究进展

介绍了激光表面改性的方法,综述了几种表面激光改性的研究现状.激光表面改性方法主要包括激光表面合金化、激光表面熔凝、激光熔覆、激光冲击硬化及激光诱导沉积技术,利用激光表面处理技术可改善合金表面耐磨和耐蚀等性能.     

印刷机械传动部件表面接触问题研究

对印刷机械传动部件表面接触问题的研究进展进行了综述,分析了粗糙表面基于统计分析的接触模型、粗糙表面接触分形模型以及使用表面测量仪数字化真实粗糙表面的方法,根据粗糙表面接触模型还分析了接触方程的基本方程、统计方法、逆矩阵法、数学规划法几种求解方法,并提出了未来表面接触问题研究所要解决的问题,为印刷机械传动部件表面接触问题研究提供借鉴.     

金刚石表面金属化的研究现状

主要介绍了金刚石表面金属化的原理、模型;金刚石表面金属化的几种制备方法:化学镀加电镀、真空镀、盐浴镀以及各种方法的优缺点,并综述了国内外金刚石表面金属化的研究进展;同时归纳总结了金刚石表面金属化的表征方法.     

材料表面润湿性的控制与制备技术

润湿性是材料表面的重要特征之一.影响材料表面润湿性的主要因素有:材料表面能、表面粗糙度以及表面微纳结构,其中低表面能材料是制备超疏水性的基本条件,表面粗糙度和表面微细结构是决定性因素.理论研究和实验证明,接触角随着表面能的降低而增加,随着表面粗糙度的增加而增大,而表面微/纳结构对润湿性具有重要的影响.常用的低表面能材料是有机硅和氟树脂以及其相应的改性树脂,如硅氧烷等.常用的表面粗糙化和微/纳结构的制备方法有模板法、化学气相沉积、溶胶-凝胶法、微细加工、粒子填充等方法.此外,材料表面润湿性的调控和疏水亲水性的可逆转变也取得了进展.     

聚酰亚胺薄膜表面改性研究进展

聚酰亚胺薄膜因表面光滑和亲水性差,导致其粘接性能低,有必要对其进行表面改性.从聚酰亚胺薄膜表面性质出发,详细介绍了酸碱处理、等离子处理、离子束和表面接枝等几种不同的聚酰亚胺薄膜表面改性方法及其研究进展.通过这些改性方法,聚酰亚胺薄膜表面与其他材料的粘接性能得到显著提高.     

纳米陶瓷微粒表面改性研究进展

介绍了纳米陶瓷微粒表面改性的常用方法,包括表面活性剂改性法、包覆改性法、酯化反应法、偶联剂法、表面接枝改性法等,以及这些改性方法的适用范围和改性工艺,指出了纳米陶瓷微粒表面改性的意义和应用前景.     

抗污染膜表面构建的研究进展

膜污染被公认为是限制膜技术在环保、生物、医药、食品以及废水处理等工业领域广泛应用的最大瓶颈.主要综述了目前应用广泛的抗污染表面的构建方法,其中包括表面涂覆法,表面接枝法及表面偏析法.重点介绍了此三种方法的基本原理、研究现状以及存在的问题,在此基础上对抗污染表面构建方法的发展前景进行了分析.     

电子束表面处理的研究进展

强流脉冲电子束是近几十年发展起来的一种新兴的表面处理技术.在介绍电子束表面处理工艺特点的基础上,重点论述了电子束表面处理技术中表面相变强化、表面重熔、表面合金化、表面非晶化、表面薄层退火等工艺方法及最近研究进展,提出怎样扩大强流脉冲电子束应用范围是研究重点之一.     

基于粗大误差估计的表面测量稳健滤波方法研究

将粗大误差估计理论与高斯滤波方法相结合,提出了一种新的表面测量稳健方法。首先由kσ准则对表面轮廓中的畸形信号进行判定、识别、修正,详细论述了相应算法;然后由移动平均逼近方法实现高斯滤波,建立表面轮廓中线;最后由原始轮廓和得到的稳健滤波中线分离出表面粗糙度轮廓,实现了稳健滤波目的。该方法算法简单、易于实现,对表面畸形信号能够较好地抑制。     

PBO纤维性能及表面改性的研究进展

目的综述聚对苯撑苯并二唑(PBO)纤维的性能及其表面改性方法的研究进展。方法从PBO纤维的力学性能、热稳定性、化学稳定性及光稳定性等方面进行简单说明;从化学表面刻蚀、共聚改性、偶联剂处理、等离子体处理、辐射处理及生物载体处理等对PBO纤维表面改性方法进行阐述。结果 PBO纤维性能优异,但纤维表面化学惰性极强,必须对其进行表面改性;各种改性方法各有优缺点。结论目前的PBO纤维表面改性方法仍然存在较多的不足,有待发现一种环保且高效的改性方法。     

A0 – Stable family of single step methods for semidiscretized parabolic problems

A general family of single-step methods for use in first-order ODEs is presented. This family of methods, called SS3-methods, embraces generalized trapezoidal methods, SS21-methods, α-methods and many other well-known methods, thus providing a good basis for comparison of these methods. Corresponding parameter values of SS3 methods for these methods are presented. The analysis of SS3-methods is restricted to linear and symmetric systems. Stability, convergence, accuracy, numerical dissipation and overshoot of the methods are considered. The conditions for algorithm parameters to exhibit good characteristics in these respects are given. It is shown that the optimal subfamily of SS3-methods coincides with α-methods.     

无机纳米材料的水热合成及其衍生方法

综述了纳米材料水热合成法的研究进展,并总结了水热合成法的优点和缺点,对水热合成法的反应机理作了初步的探讨,对水热反应中水的状态作了简要分析;对由水热法衍生出来的溶剂热和微波水热法也做了分析,介绍了溶剂热反应中经常使用的有机溶剂和微波反应中微波的加热机理;同时论述了目前这几种实验方法的实验进展和应用情况.     

A study of the use of concept selection methods from inside a company

Design methods have been studied by researchers for decades. Academia considers their impact on industry to be insufficient. The objective of this research is to understand the use and impact of design methods in the context of a specific company, Volvo Car Corporation (VCC), by describing the behaviour of engineers in relation to methods, to assist in the future development of design methods and tools. We mainly concentrate on concept selection methods because of their relevance in this company. The data presented is the result of qualitative research carried out during 4 years at VCC, where the authors were located as researchers. The research shows that many methods are employed besides those with an academic name, that some in-company methods used contain improvements to methods researched by academia, that some modifications to academic methods lead to unreliable results, and that there is a lack of objectivity in method modification. For these reasons, the authors suggest further research on understanding the principles of successful and unreliable modification of concept selection methods.     

Smart systems for determination of drug’s solubility

The solubility of drugs is a crucial physicochemical property in the drug discovery or development process and for improving the bioavailability of drugs. There are various methods for evaluating the solubility of drugs including manual measurement methods, mathematical methods, and smart methods. Manual measurement and mathematical methods have some defects which make the smart systems more reliable and important in this field. In this review, various instruments used for the solubility determination, along with the smart systems, have been discussed. Mechanism and applications of each method have been elaborated in detail. Moreover, unique characteristics as well as some limitations of discussed methods are also described.     

Continuous workload control order release revisited: an assessment by simulation

Order release is a key component of the Workload Control concept. Jobs do not enter the shop floor directly – they are retained in a pre-shop pool and released in time to meet due dates while keeping work-in-process within limits or norms. There are two important groups of release methods: continuous methods, for which the workload falling to a specified level can trigger a release at any moment in time; and, periodic release methods, for which releases take place at fixed intervals. Continuous release methods in general have been shown to outperform periodic release methods. Yet, there is incongruence in the results presented in the literature on the relative performance of the various continuous release methods. We use a job shop simulation model to examine the performance of continuous release methods from the literature and find that the contradictory results are explained by the different rules applied to sequence jobs in the pool – a factor neglected in previous work. Finally, a new breed of continuous release methods has recently emerged, but these have not been compared with prior approaches. Therefore, we also examine these methods and show that they significantly improve overall performance, although this is to the detriment of jobs with large processing times.     

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods and their antimicrobial properties

Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles offers an attractive alternate to chemical synthesis methods. Various hazard free, eco-friendly methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles are in operation. In chemical reduction methods, the reducing agent is a chemical solution, whereas in biological ones, the collection of enzymes, especially nitrate reductase, plays this role. The highest antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised by chemical and biological methods was found in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The paper aims to discuss some fundamental issues about non-biological methods and benefits about biological methods for silver nanoparticles synthesis and their antibacterial studies.     

Exploring nonlinear relationships in chemical data using kernel-based methods

Kernel methods, in particular support vector machines, have been further extended into a new class of methods, which could effectively solve nonlinear problems in chemistry by using simple linear transformation. In fact, the kernel function used in kernel methods might be regarded as a general protocol to deal with nonlinear data in chemistry. In this paper, the basic idea and modularity of kernel methods, together with some simple examples, are discussed in detail to give an in-depth understanding for kernel methods. Three key ingredients of kernel methods, namely dual form, nonlinear mapping and kernel function, provide a consistent framework of kernel-based algorithms. The modularity of kernel methods allows linear algorithms to combine with any kernel function. Thus, some commonly used chemometric algorithms are easily extended to their kernel versions.     

基于热分析的非晶合金非等温晶化动力学参数计算

为了对非晶合金晶化动力学参数的各种计算方法的优缺点进行分析比较,为正确合理的选用数据处理方法提供依据,介绍了非等温晶化激活能及晶化机理函数的各种计算方法及其计算原理,并进行了数学归纳.分析表明,在计算激活能的各种方法中,无模式等转化率法是最可靠的一类方法,分为晶化速率-等晶化体积分数法、基于温度积分近似解析解的等晶化体积分数法、最大速率法3种类型.当热分析曲线基线难以精确确定时,用第二种类型计算出的激活能比第一种类型精度高.在确定机理函数的两种方法(Surinach曲线拟合法和Popesc曲线拟合法)中,Popesc法可以直接利用实验数据的积分而不需要提前知道速度常数和激活能,其结果的可靠性更高.     

New Optimal Newton-Householder Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations and Their Dynamics

The classical iterative methods for finding roots of nonlinear equations, like the Newton method, Halley method, and Chebyshev method, have been modified previously to achieve optimal convergence order. However, the Householder method has so far not been modified to become optimal. In this study, we shall develop two new optimal Newton-Householder methods without memory. The key idea in the development of the new methods is the avoidance of the need to evaluate the second derivative. The methods fulfill the Kung-Traub conjecture by achieving optimal convergence order four with three functional evaluations and order eight with four functional evaluations. The efficiency indices of the methods show that methods perform better than the classical Householder’s method. With the aid of convergence analysis and numerical analysis, the efficiency of the schemes formulated in this paper has been demonstrated. The dynamical analysis exhibits the stability of the schemes in solving nonlinear equations. Some comparisons with other optimal methods have been conducted to verify the effectiveness, convergence speed, and capability of the suggested methods.     

频域传递路径分析方法（TPA）的研究进展

传递路径分析方法(Transfer Path analysis,TPA)是当前诊断机械系统振动和噪声最通用的手段。本文介绍了传统TPA、工况TPA、OPAX、快速TPA、多级TPA以及混合TPA的基本原理和优缺点,结合实例说明实现过程,并进行综合比较得出各种方法的应用场合,最后对TPA方法的未来发展作了展望。