美国大杏仁风味酸乳的研制

将美国大杏仁浆添加到牛乳中,通过利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1∶1)混合的发酵剂生产杏仁酸乳。通过正交试验得到的结果显示,杏仁酸乳优化发酵工艺参数如下:美国大杏仁浆和牛奶比例为2∶8,蔗糖8%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1∶1)混合发酵剂2%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间4.5h。结果表明通过优化制得的杏仁酸乳兼有杏仁和酸乳的营养与风味。     

杏仁酸乳的研制

以苦杏仁为原料和鲜牛乳为原料,经脱皮、去苦、乳化和发酵等主要工艺步骤获得杏仁乳生产最佳技术参数。结果表明,杏仁酸乳发酵工艺的条件为：杏仁乳:牛乳比例为30:70,接种量5%,发酵时间为5 h,按照以保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌(1:1)接种,42 ℃条件下发酵,可得品质优良的杏仁酸乳。     

红薯酸奶的研制

以红薯和鲜牛乳为主要原料,配以蔗糖和稳定剂,使用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌种发酵,制成风味独特、营养全面的保健饮品。通过正交试验法优选出最佳发酵工艺条件为：接入3%的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1）,在42℃下发酵5h,后发酵时间为22h。     

搅拌型胡萝卜营养酸奶的研制

以胡萝卜和鲜牛乳为主要原料,采用嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌进行多菌株混合发酵,并加入胡萝卜汁,经杀菌、均质、接种、发酵等工艺,最后生产出来有胡萝卜香味的、略带酸味的具有营养和保健功能的胡萝卜酸奶。     

荸荠保健酸奶的研制

以荸荠和鲜牛乳为主要原料,配以蔗糖和稳定剂,使用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌种发酵,制成风味独特、营养丰富的保健饮品。通过正交试验优选出最佳发酵工艺条件为：接入4%的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1∶1）,在42℃下发酵5h,后发酵时间为20h。     

提高嗜酸乳杆菌酸乳菌活力的研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌为主发酵剂,嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为辅助发酵剂制作嗜酸乳杆菌酸乳,采用正交实验,并分析发酵过程中pH、乳酸菌数以及感官品质的变化,确定混合菌种的最佳比例。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌1.8%、嗜热链球菌1.4%、保加利亚乳杆菌0.6%混合发酵,可以提高乳中嗜酸乳杆菌的菌活力并改善其风味。经验证,混合菌种发酵制作的酸奶在风味和保健功能等方面明显优于单一菌种发酵制作的酸乳。     

搅拌型马铃薯酸奶的研制

以马铃薯和鲜牛乳为主要原料,配以蔗糖和稳定剂,使用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌种发酵。通过正交试验法优选出最佳发酵工艺条件为:接入3%的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1:1),在42℃下发酵5h,后发酵时间为22h,制成风味独特,营养全面的保健饮品。     

凝固型红小豆营养保健酸乳的研制

以红小豆和鲜牛乳为主要原料,添加蜂蜜等辅料,研制出凝固型红小豆营养保健酸乳。其最佳配方和最优发酵条件为:红小豆浆与鲜牛乳比例1∶4、白砂糖5%、蜂蜜5%、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1∶1)接种量3%、发酵时间3h、琼脂0.1%。产品兼具酸乳、红小豆和蜂蜜的营养保健功效。     

影响酸牛乳质量的几种因素的探讨

以保加利亚杆菌和嗜热链球菌为混合发酵剂，对影响酸牛乳质量的几种因素进行探讨。结果表明，加入７％的砂糖，４３℃下进行发酵，２－６℃冷藏１５小时的固定条件下，鲜牛乳全乳固体含量≥１１．５％，保中利亚杆菌与嗜热链球菌的比例为１：１或１．５：１，混合发酵剂接种量为３％，发酵４小时，可得到优质酸牛乳。     

三种乳酸菌混合培养的研究

在5L罐中对保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行了单独培养及混合培养研究。实验结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌及嗜热链球菌会抑制保加利亚乳杆菌的生长,保加亚利乳杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌可能对嗜热链球菌的生长具有促进作用,嗜热链球菌对嗜酸乳杆菌具有促进作用,保加利亚乳杆菌对嗜酸乳杆菌的生长没有促进作用。这种实验结果为混合培养益生菌提供的实验参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the