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《中国工程科学》2020,(2)
本文从产业化发展战略的角度出发,对我国金属基复合材料的形成和发展进行了评述。简要总结了我国金属基复合材料的发展历程,梳理了当前快速发展阶段中金属基复合材料在几个主要制备方法,如原位自生法、搅拌铸造法、粉末冶金法、压力浸渗法中取得的关键性技术突破。在此基础上,列举了对装备升级换代产生显著推动作用、具有代表性的金属基复合材料工程应用案例,预测了未来5~10年金属基复合材料的发展趋势。针对当前国防与国民经济领域装备技术发展对材料技术提出的挑战,分析了金属基复合材料在军民两用市场的发展机遇与前景,同时就产业化技术和产业环境的不足,从夯实国家级产业化平台和壮大人才培养基地、加大国家投入、加快标准和数据库体系建设、开发低成本高品质材料制备技术4个方面提出了发展建议。 相似文献
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一、前言 为了满足航空航天和汽车工业对材料高比强度、高比弹性及耐高温的需求,世界各国十分重视金属基复合材料的研究与开发。但大量的研究工作主要集中在纤维或颗粒单一增强的复合材料方面,而对纤维和颗粒混杂增强的金属基复合材料的研究却很少。 挤压铸造法制备金属基复合材料具有工艺简单可靠,有利于产品工业化生产等优点,国内外进行了很多研究工作。特别是Al_2O_3短纤维(含Al_2O_3 50~80%)增强的铝基复合材料已被应用在发动机活塞的生产上。石墨(Gr)是一种自润滑性很好的材料,它的密度低、使用温度范围宽,Gr/Al复合材料是一种很有发展前途的金属基复合材料。但在采用半固态法制备Gr/Al复合材料中,工艺控制难度较大,难以用于产品的工业化生产。并且Gr和Al基体的界面反应难以预料和控制。本研究采用挤压铸造工艺较好地解决了这个难题,利用了Al_2O_3短纤维和Gr各自结构和性能的特点,获得了组织和性能较为理想的铝基复合材料。 二、实验方法 相似文献
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本文介绍了制造金属基复合材料的压力铸造方法及应严格控制的工艺参数。比较了金属基复合材料与基体合金的铸造性能、机械性能及使用性能等方面的特点,并总结了铝、镁、铜、锌、钛等金属基复合材料在几个领域中的应用情况。 相似文献
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碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状及展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
首先介绍了碳纳米管的性质和优点,并讨论了将其应用于制备金属基复合材料方面的优势.从制备方法、材料性能等方面阐述了目前国内外对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状,并对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料研究的发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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(AlBO)w/Al复合材料制备工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为减少传统挤压铸造工艺制备金属基复合材料步骤,降低成本,用湿法制备了硼酸铝晶须预制件,并用液一固挤压法制备晶须含量为20%(体积分数)的硼酸铝晶须增强铝基复合材料(AlBO)w/Al).通过正交实验法对预制件及复合材料的制备工艺参数进行设计及筛选,并采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等对制备的(AlBO)w/Al微观组织进行观察分析.得到预制件及复合材料制备的最佳工艺参数,发现硼酸铝晶须在基体铝合金中的分布较为均匀,与挤压铸造法相比,该方法可减少工序,降低成本. 相似文献
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颗粒增强金属基复合材料(MMCs)具有良好的综合性能,在航空、汽车及民用工业中的应用前景十分广阔。近年来粉末雾化喷射成形工艺用于制备颗粒增强MMCs受到了重视与发展。该方法通过快速凝固获得组织均匀、细小、无宏观偏折和高性能的新材料。在沉积过程中向基体合金的喷雾中喷入增强相颗粒即可制成高性能MMCs。本文介绍这一方法的基本原理和最新进展。 相似文献
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金属基原位复合材料的特性与进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
邬震泰 《材料科学与工程学报》2001,19(2):132-136
本文综述了金属基原位复合材料的特点 ,对该复合材料的结构和机械性能进行了分析 ,并简要讨论了其发展趋势 相似文献
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Thermal residual stresses in metal matrix composites: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recently, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have generated a considerable interest in the materials field because of their attractive physical and mechanical properties. However, during the fabrication of MMCs, thermal residual stresses are reportedly developed in the matrix as a result of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between the reinforcement and the matrix. It is well established that these residual stresses have a significant effect on the composite properties. For example, due to the presence of thermal residual stresses, it is almost never possible to achieve the maximum elastic response of the composites. In addition, yield stress and fracture toughness of the composites are significantly affected by thermal residual stresses. In this paper, a critical review of the published literature on thermal residual stresses in MMCs and their effect on composite properties are presented. Also, experimental and numerical techniques that are currently available to measure and estimate thermal residual stresses are reviewed and discussed. 相似文献
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R. Etemadi B. Wang K. M. Pillai B. Niroumand P. Rohatgi 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2018,33(12):1261-1290
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) acquire their improved physical and mechanical properties through the careful reinforcement of their matrices by a variety of light but strong and stable reinforcement materials. The pressure infiltration process (PIP) is one of the most important techniques used for making MMCs with a high reinforcement content in which a molten metal or alloy is injected and solidified in a mold packed with continuous or discontinuous reinforcement materials. Several factors affect the quality of MMCs made by this process. These include, but are not limited to, the reinforcement type, preform geometry, applied pressure and pressure control, as well as the transport phenomena of the molten metal. This paper presents a review of the various aspects of MMCs, the process in terms of the technological details, the latest developments in the reinforcement materials used and the simulation models developed for pressure infiltration manufacturing of MMCs. 相似文献
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简述了用半固态加工工艺制备金属基复合材料的主要方法及原理.讨论了制备过程中各工艺参数对材料制备的影响及后续的触变成形加工.综合评述了半固态金属基复合材料的流变性研究现状. 相似文献
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Ramesh Talreja 《Materials Science and Engineering: A》1995,200(1-2):21-28
A previously developed conceptual framework for interpretation of fatigue of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) is revisited for the purpose of the interpretation of fatigue in metal matrix composites (MMCs). With appropriate modifications, the basic features in the mechanisms based fatigue life diagrams of PMCs are found to hold for MMCs as well. Fatigue data for different MMC systems are examined with the interpretative framework and some observed trends are clarified. Approaches to fatigue life modeling are discussed for the different regions of behavior interpreted by the fatigue life diagram concept. 相似文献
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Like any other metal/alloy, copper and its alloys also soften at elevated temperatures. Reinforcing with ceramic or carbon fibres is one of the suggested solutions to overcome this. Very limited literature is available on Cu based metal matrix composites (MMCs); none of these pertain to liquid phase fabrication. Hence, a systematic investigation was carried out on MMCs based on copper, with alumino-silicate fibres and carbon fibres as reinforcements. The MMCs thus produced exhibit a uniform distribution of reinforcement in the matrix. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values are lower than that of pure copper. 相似文献