均相共沉淀及凝胶燃烧法制备Yb:GGG纳米粉的比较(英文)

用均相沉淀法和凝胶燃烧法分别合成了掺镱钆镓石榴石粉体(Yb3+Gd3Ga5O12,gadolinium gallium garnet doped with ytterbium,Yb:GGG).借助X射线衍射、透射电镜、热分析、红外光谱及荧光光谱等手段对制备粉体的结构、形貌、热分解过程及光谱特性进行对比分析.结果表明:在900℃煅烧8 h后,2种方法均能获得单相立方的Yb:GGG纳米粉体.均相沉淀法及凝胶燃烧法得到的粉体平均粒径分别约为80 nm和47nm.在488nm激发波长下,2种方法获得的Yb:GGG粉体的荧光光谱相似,荧光发射的最强峰位于1 027nm处,是Yb3+的2F7/2→2F5/2谱相导致的荧光发射.     

Gd_3Al_5O_(12)∶Eu~(3 )柠檬酸盐硝酸盐燃烧法合成及其发光性能研究

采用柠檬酸盐硝酸盐燃烧法,在较低的温度(900℃)下成功地合成单一晶相Gd3Al5O12∶Eu3 发光粉体,紫外激发荧光光谱分析表明,粉体615 nm和593 nm荧光发射源于Eu3 的5D0-7F2和5D0-7F1跃迁.该方法中各工艺条件(如pH值、柠檬酸/金属离子比、煅烧温度)对Gd3Al5O12∶Eu3 发光性能均有影响,通过试验得出了获得最佳发光性能荧光粉体的工艺参数.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y_2O_2S:Eu~(3+),Mg~(2+),Ti~(4+)红色长余辉发光粉及其发光特性

以金属硝酸盐和钛酸丁酯为原料,乙酰丙酮为螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Y2O2S:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+红色长余辉发光粉体。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计对不同温度合成的样品性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:干凝胶在600℃保温2 h生成了立方相的前驱体Y2O3:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+。前驱体在1050～1150℃硫化后的产物为Y2O3与Y2O2S的混合相,在1 200℃时,硫化生成纯相的Y2O2S:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+,产物平均粒径约为150nm,1300℃时再次出现Y2O3相。与高温固相法相比,溶胶-凝胶法制备的样品主激发峰出现蓝移,主发射峰位于616nm和626nm处,对应于Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁;硫化温度为1200℃时,样品的余辉时间为40min。     

Yb:Gd3Ga5O12多晶粉体的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Yb:Gd3Ga5O12(Yb:GGG)多晶粉体.利用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱测试手段,对前驱体及煅烧的粉体的结构、形貌及光谱性能进行了研究.结果表明:950 ℃煅烧的粉体已是属于体心立方的晶体结构的Yb:GGG纯相.热重-差热分析表明:Yb:GGG超细粉体的总的质量损失为29.13%,初晶化温度在830.6 ℃附近,粉体在1 246 ℃左右晶化程度较高.随着煅烧温度的提高前驱粉体粒度不断增加,形成Yb:GGG纯相的最佳的煅烧温度为950 ℃,所获得的纳米粉体粒度约为80～100 nm,粒径均匀、分散性和流动性较好.荧光光谱表明,主要发射峰位于1 030 nm,是Yb3 的基态2F7/2与激发态2F5/2能级跃迁导致的荧光发射.     

白光LED用红色荧光粉Gd2-xMo3O9:Eux3+制备和研究

用高温固相法成功制备了Gd2-xMo3O9:Eux3+,用XRD荧光光谱仪对其物相以及粉体的激发和发射光谱进行表征和研究;结果表明:在395和464nm两主激发峰均可得到616nm处红光发射峰,属于Eu3+典型的5D0→7F2的跃迁所致。由464nm激发得到的发射峰为单峰,峰宽较窄且发射强度较强。     

燃烧法合成掺铕硼酸镧钙荧光粉及其发光性能研究

采用燃烧法合成Eu：La2CaB10O19荧光体,用XRD、SEM并研究了所得荧光粉的形态、粒度和物相,用荧光分光光度计测定了荧光粉的发光性能并与高温固相法制备的粉体对比。结果表明Eu：La2CaB10O19荧光体的晶体结构属于单斜晶系结构。燃烧后所得的前驱体样品在800℃下烧结1.5 h便具有很好的晶相,制备产物粒度在300 nm左右,在395 nm激发下的发射强度跟高温固相法制备的Eu：La2CaB10O19强度接近。     

溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备Nd:Y_2O_3激光陶瓷纳米粉体

以Y_2O_3 和Nd_2O_3为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备出Nd:Y_2O_3激光陶瓷纳米粉体.XRD测试结果表明粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1000 ℃,并且晶化完全.原子力显微镜观察结果表明粉体的粒度约为200 nm,分布均匀.差热-热重分析表明,柠檬酸在447 ℃分解放热, 而晶型转变温度为590 ℃,荧光光谱测试表明粉体最强的荧光发射峰位于9421.646 cm~(-1)(即波长1061.4 nm处) ,是 Nd~(3+4)F_(3/2)-~4I_(11/2)谱相导致的荧光发射.     

Preparation and study of red phosphor pewder Gd2-xMo3O9:Eu3+x in white light LED

用高温固相法成功制备了G2-x Mo3O9:Eu3+x,用XRD荧光光谱仪对其物相以及粉体的激发和发射光谱进行表征和研究；结果表明:在395和464nm两主激发峰均可得到616nm处红光发射峰,属于Eu3+典型的5D0-7F2的跃迁所致.由464nm激发得到的发射峰为单峰,峰宽较窄且发射强度较强.     

溶胶-凝胶法合成YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+荧光粉及其发光性能

以硝酸盐为原料、柠檬酸为配位剂的有机-无机杂化凝胶法合成掺Eu3 的四硼酸铝钇[YAl3(BO3)4:Eu3 ,YAB:Eu3 ]荧光粉.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和Fourier变换红外光谱、发光光谱测试,分析了不同温度下焙烧3 h所得粉体的物相、形貌与发光性质.结果表明:YAB:Eu3 的最低合成温度为1 000 ℃,在反应过程中,首先形成中间相Al4B2O9,YBO3和Y3Al5O12,而最终形成单相的YAB:Eu3 .1 100 ℃合成的晶粒尺寸比较均匀,平均粒径尺寸为108.2 nm.发光光谱的测试表明:在252 nm激发下,溶胶-凝胶法合成的YAB: Eu3 荧光粉最强发射峰位于612 nm处,属于Eu3 的5D0→7F2跃迁.Eu3 在YAB: Eu3 基质中的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为10%.     

Er3+,Yb3+:YGG激光陶瓷粉体制备与性能研究

本文以Y2O3,Ga2O3,Er2O3,Yb2O3,柠檬酸为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Er3+,Yb3+∶YGG激光陶瓷前驱粉体.对粉体进行XRD测试,结果表明在本实验条件下,粉体的最佳煅烧温度为800℃.红外光谱表明800℃时NO;,OH-等离子已被分解.扫描电镜观察发现,粉体颗粒为似球形,粒径约为35 nm,结合XRD数据计算,发现一个颗粒由2～3个晶粒组成,可见溶胶-凝胶法制备的粉体团聚程度相对较低.对粉体进行荧光光谱测试,结果表明由于Er3+的4I13/2-4I15/2的能级跃迁引起的荧光发射,其最强峰位于1530nm处.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.