磁稳定床在己内酰胺加氢精制中的工业应用

磁稳定床反应器首次在甲苯法己内酰胺加氢精制装置实现工业化，设计能力为35kt/a，在增大磁场强度的条件下，处理能力可以达到65kt/a，完全达到装置扩容要求。可以取代现有搅拌釜加氢精制工艺。装置运行结果表明，搅拌釜与磁稳定床串联工艺与原有的搅拌釜加氢精制工艺相比，操作简便，加氢反应稳定，己内酰胺产品质量提高，设备事故率降低，非计划停车减少，催化剂消耗降低33%，经济效益显著。     

RTD曲线与补加催化剂的最佳周期

用多级串联釜模型和流出分率叠加的方法,给出最佳补加催化剂周期的计算式和数表。对于一个反应系统,测出RTD曲线,算出平均停留时间和当量的釜数之后,按照工艺允许的催化剂起伏波动的需求,即可算出最佳补加周期。计算结果与文献实例符合甚好。     

环路反应装置制备硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯的新工艺

分别采用环路反应工艺和釜式搅拌工艺,以硬脂酸和三乙醇胺为原料,在酸催化剂的作用下合成了硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯;从反应进程、产品色泽、能源及氮气消耗、废物排放、产品质量等方面对两种工艺进行了对比实验。实验结果表明,在反应温度190℃、n(硬脂酸):n(三乙醇胺)=2、催化剂用量(相对于反应原料的质量分数)0.1%的条件下,与釜式搅拌工艺相比,采用环路反应工艺得到合格硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯所需的反应时间短,产品色泽好,能源及氮气消耗量低,反应过程对环境无污染,产品中单、双酯的含量高。环路反应工艺可完全替代釜式搅拌工艺用于合成硬脂酸三乙醇胺脂。     

吉林石化千吨级异戊橡胶项目1000h长周期稳定实验圆满成功

<正>近日,吉林石化千吨级异戊橡胶装置生产出批量合格的中试产品,产品各项性能指标达到国外同类产品先进水平。该装置采用了一系列关键技术,如催化剂体系采用了新型均相稀土催化剂的放大技术;聚合工艺采用了溶液聚合技术和多釜串联的复合搅拌聚合釜放大技术;凝聚工艺采用了自主开发的湿法凝聚技术和独特的凝聚釜设计技术。1 000h稳定运行试验过程中,设备运行平稳,工艺控     

分离干燥搅拌釜存在问题及解决方案

介绍了分离干燥搅拌釜存在的积料、热熔等问题,从搅拌釜结构与实际工艺的匹配性出发,分析了各种问题出现的原因。发现搅拌釜的螺带与螺杆的组合结构与实际工艺介质不匹配,导致釜内物料更易胶结结块。同时由于罐底底轴承组合结构不合理,对安装精度要求高,造成底轴承球头与球窝帽易出现研磨现象,搅拌釜损坏的同时更易导致出料处物料出现粘连甚至搅拌釜底部积料及热熔问题,致使连续生产中断。对分离干燥搅拌釜搅拌轴和罐底底轴承组件进行了改造,使物料受力状况发生改变,实现了出料过程的可持续性。     

连续搅拌釜式反应器的特性与设计(Ⅰ)

在间歇搅拌釜式反应器基础上建立起来的连续搅拌釜式反应器,是化学工业中最先应用于连续生产的一种反应设备。虽然在型式和结构上,二者基本上是相同的,由于操作方式的改变,节省了大量的辅助操作时间,使得反应器的生产能力得到充分的发挥;同时,也大大地减轻了体力劳动强度,容易全面地实现机械化和自动化;在很多场合,也降低了原材料和能量的损耗。因此,在化学工业中,连续搅拌釜式反应器迄今仍然是应用得最广泛的反应器型式之一。连续搅拌釜式反应器除了具有一般连续设备的优点外,还有它本身的特点。由于强烈的机械搅拌作用,反应器中的物料得到了充分接触,这对于化学反应或传热来说,都是十分有利的。此外,这种反应器的操作稳定,适用范围较广,容易放大,也是其它类型连续反应器所不及的。     

直接酯化合成聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯单体的反应精馏工艺模拟

为开发聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯聚酯单体新的生产工艺,利用剩余曲线图,对反应精馏直接酯化合成的可行性进行了分析。利用Aspen Plus软件,就现行的多釜串联酯化反应工艺和反应精馏塔合成工艺进行了模拟比较。讨论了酯化反应精馏塔操作参数、回流比、进料位置、塔顶馏出率等对反应的转化率和选择性的影响。结果表明。反应精馏工艺比传统的多釜串联工艺具有较高的酯化率和选择性,同时简化了流程。     

聚烯烃透明化添加剂DBS合成中试

在１ｍ＾３反应釜中考察了不同工艺条件对ＤＢＳ合成反应稳定性的影响,并对反应工程和后处理技术做了系统研究。结果表明：在山梨糖醇与苯早醛进料比为１：２（物质的量比）、反应温度７５℃,反应时间４～５小时,催化剂浓度１．２％,搅拌转速１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ的实验条件下,ＤＢＳ收率可达９７％以上。     

振荡流反应器及其在污水处理絮凝工艺中的应用研究

在管式反应器中加环状挡板,在底部增加一个活塞式往复运动,构成一种新型振荡流反应器,此反应器和传统搅拌反应器相比有很多优点。为了放大和应用,首先对试验装置做模型化处理,用电导率仪连续精确测定示踪剂浓度,利用概率知识验证多级混合串联模型;然后根据相似放大原理建立中试装置,用于污水处理,做絮凝反应试验,与搅拌式反应器进行对比。对比试验证明了新型振荡流反应器的优势。     

镁、铈复合改性的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛在苯和甲醇烷基化中的应用

以硝酸镁、硝酸铈为前躯物,考察镁单独改性和镁、铈复合改性对多级孔ZSM-5分子筛催化苯和甲醇烷基化反应性能的影响,并以镁、铈复合改性的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,考察工艺条件对苯和甲醇烷基化反应的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为773 K、质量空速为8 h-1、反应压力为0.18 MPa,n（甲醇）/n（苯）= 0.9的条件下,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛通过镁、铈复合改性后,苯的转化率达到51%以上,甲苯、二甲苯的选择性达到90%以上。寿命试验表明该催化剂连续运行400 h,稳定性良好,具有优良的工业应用价值。     

低碱值合成磺酸钙工艺研究

通过对磺酸盐低碱化工艺反应过程的探索,考察了促进剂种类、氢氧化钙用量和反应温度等主要因素的影响,开发了使用无氯且不含甲醇新型促进剂的直接钙化法合成技术。该技术生产周期短,废渣少且没有待回收溶剂,单釜利用率近90%,有效原料利用率高达96%以上,生产的低碱值磺酸钙产品质量稳定,清净分散性好。     

COBENEFICIATION OF COALS IN PERCHLOROCTHYLENE EXTRACTION DESULFURIZATION

ABSTRACT

The perchloroethylene (PCE) coal refining process has been investigated for its process feasibility, operational reproducibility, organic sulfur selectivity, process efficiency, minimization of residual chlorine by steam stripping and process optimization. It was found that some coals result in a better organosulfur extraction than others. It was also confirmed that the PCE extraction process was a hybrid system of chemical reaction and physical solvation. It was further established that the coals giving a higher organosulfur extraction contain some naturally available ingredients, which promote the extraction process. Coals giving a much lower organosulfur extraction lack these species. This paper focuses on demonstration of the process feasibility of cobeneficiating both types of coals, together. In this novel process, both types of coal are blended together in fixed proportions and subjected to the PCE process. This process of cobeneficiating coals is industrially significant because of its cost effectiveness. It not only removes the organosulfur from one type of coal, but also significantly improves the organosulfur extraction from the other.     

高纯异丁烷生产过程优化

 基于中原油田天然气处理厂生产纯度为99.5%异丁烷产品装置的实际操作情况,建立了新的工艺模型,并模拟计算出生产纯度为99.9%异丁烷的工艺参数。在实际操作中,优化生产过程和工艺参数,对加热炉和差压调节系统进行更新升级,确保能够精确、平稳控制生产过程,使异丁烷塔进料中n-C4纯度由原来的小于0.3%降低为小于0.085%,丁烷塔回流量增大到20 m3/h以上,两塔温度控制在很小的波动范围内,最终生产出纯度大于99.9%的高纯异丁烷产品。     

烯烃加成法合成烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐

实验以烯烃加成法,经烯丙基化、磺化二步反应合成了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐.在烯丙基化过程中,分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和聚乙二醇为催化剂,得到产率不同的中间体烯丙基醚;在磺化过程中,以烯烃加成反应,以亚硫酸氢盐-亚硫酸盐为磺化剂,硝酸盐为催化剂,或以添加产物为催化剂,得到产率不同的磺酸盐.讨论了二步反应中使用不同催化剂产...     

MIP系列技术降低汽油硫含量的先进性及理论分析

硫传递系数以同一汽油干点作为基准可以准确有效地评估不同催化裂化技术对汽油的降硫效果。MIP系列技术与常规FCC技术汽油硫含量对比的研究发现，当汽油干点基准相同时，MIP系列技术的汽油硫传递系数均低于常规FCC技术的汽油硫传递系数。MIP-CGP技术与其它多产丙烯催化裂化技术的汽油硫含量对比研究发现，当汽油干点小于185℃时，MIP-CGP技术的硫传递系数为3.93，小于FDFCC－III技术和ARGG技术；当汽油干点大于190℃时，MIP-CGP技术的硫传递系数为5.60，而DCC技术的硫传递系数为19.10，表明MIP-CGP技术降低汽油硫含量远优于其它多产丙烯的技术。分析了MIP汽油的硫含量降低的原因。     

总流程协同优化下的催化裂化装置高效运行实践

提出并实践以协同优化为主要特征的催化裂化装置高效运行策略，主要通过原油分储分炼、常减压蒸馏-延迟焦化-蜡油加氢分馏协同运行，有效降低了催化裂化装置进料中的小于350 ℃馏分含量；在此基础上通过提高溶剂脱沥青装置和蜡油加氢装置负荷，提高催化裂化掺渣比，实现了催化裂化装置的高效利用；在重整和变压吸附氢气系统负荷增大的基础上实现了重柴油及催化裂化柴油不同形式的转化，降低了柴汽比；焦化装置在低负荷运行的同时也通过回收全厂轻烃及重油再分离得到新的定位。     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC SULFUR FROM COAL BY TRICHLOROETHANE EXTRACTION

ABSTRACT

Desulfurization of coal involves removal of both organic and inorganic forms of sulfur. In this paper, the process feasibility of organic desulfurization of coal using 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) as the solvent, is established. Sulfur solubility curve in tnchloroethane was obtained. The process conditions of this novel process were critically assessed. From the solubility curve it was concluded that the process should be carried out at or near the normal boiling point of the solvent. Comparisons between the TCA extraction and the perchloroeihylene (PCE) process have been presented. Since the boiling point of tricbloroethane is quite low, the process conditions are very mild in comparision to the PCE process. It was found that the TCA process is capable of removing organosulfur from coal more selectively than the PCE process. The sulfur containing organic species in the extract obtained from     

异丁烯二步法制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯的研究

制备了用于异丁烯选择性氧化制备甲基丙烯醛（MAL）和MAL氧化酯化制备甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的复合氧化物和负载贵金属催化剂,开发了异丁烯二步法制备MMA新工艺。在异丁烯氧化制备MAL反应过程中,反应温度为380 ℃,反应压力为0.03 MPa,异丁烯平均转化率达到93.7%,MAL平均选择性达到92.3%。在MAL氧化酯化制备MMA反应过程中,反应温度为90 ℃,反应压力为0.27 MPa,对于间歇反应,MAL平均转化率为93.35%,MMA平均选择性为83.50%;对于双程连续反应,MAL平均转化率为93.24%,MMA平均选择性为80.06%。     

EFFECT OF PREHYDROGENATION ON HYDROCONVERSION OF MAYA RESIDUUM,PART II: HYDROGEN INCORPORATION

ABSTRACT

Maya 650° F residuum (Maya AR) was prehydrogenated over a standard hydroprocessing catalyst. The 650°F residuum of this product lpar;HMaya ARrpar; and Maya AR were then separately hydroprocessed further at selected conditions. The products were examined by elemental, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR analyses to determine the how hydrogen was incorporated during processing.

For all processing steps, hydrogen was incorporated in capping fragments formed during cracking reactions, as well as in hydrogenation reactions, heteroatom removal, and hydrocarbon gas formation, but the distribution of the hydrogen was dependent upon the type and severity of the process: For the direct hydroconversion of Maya AR, 25 to 30% of the total hydrogen was incorporated for heteroatom removal and hydrocarbon gas formation. The remaining hydrogen was incorporated in hydrogenation and cracking reactions.

For the two-step hydroconversion process, 30 to 40% of the total hydrogen was incorporated for heteroatom removal and hydrocarbon gas formation. The remaining was primarily incorporated in hydrogenation reactions. Some was incorporated into cracking reactions in the moderate severity case, but almost none was seen in the low severity case.

The hydrogen incorporation during each specific processing step is discussed, along with an evaluation of the prehydrogenation step a residuum conversion process option. These results will be also compared to previously reported hydrogen incorporation measurements on other feeds and processing methods.     

THE EFFECT OF VISBREAKING CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF SOME IRAQI LONG RESIDUES

ABSTRACT

A study has been done to investigate the change in the stability of residue during thermal process (visbreaking) at different cracking severity using flocculation ratio method. For this purpose, three long residues (350°C+) of different crude oils were used. The obtained results were discussed as a function of reaction temperature and residence time. Moreover, the stability was correlated with the nature and chemical composition of the feedstock.We observed that the intermediate paraffinic base feedstock (type A) was more stable than the other two asphaltenic base (Types B & C) when visbreaking temperature was 460°C. At higher temperatures, a sudden and large decrease in the stability of type A visbroken products was observed while only a gradual decrease in the stability of the other two products was noticed when visbreaking process was carried out at the same operating conditions.