多级涡轮三维气动优化设计的可行性分析与实现

多级涡轮三维气动优化设计由于计算量大、计算时间长、变量样本空间过于庞大,在实践中往往设计周期长,且难以有效实现.随着计算机硬件和计算软件的发展,计算能力已经大为改善,多种设计方法亦实现了有效融合.大力开展多级涡轮三维气动优化设计研究,将传统设计方法与现代自动优化设计方法相结合是解决前述困难,实现多级涡轮优化设计的一个有效途径.文中分析了将准三维设计和多级局部优化联合实现多级涡轮三维设计的可行性,给出了一个多级涡轮气动优化设计流程.准三维设计主要是S2流面正问题计算,通过准三维设计进行初步设计,初步提高性能,确定总体参数,为下一步的优化设计打下基础.然后采用多级局部优化设计,多级局部优化过程使用Numeca/design 3D软件,优化联合采用人工神经网络和遗传算法,通过提高局部性能来提高总体性能.流场计算采用全三维粘性流N-S方程求解,并以一个3级涡轮和一个4级涡轮为例,说明此方法的可行性.     

燃气透平静叶栅的弯扭气动设计分析方法

给出了一个适用于弯扭燃气涡轮静叶栅的气动设计分析通流计算方法。采用Ｓ２流面流函数方程做为主控方程，而热力气动参数的计算采用变热比求解方法，损失模型以修正的安利－马歇森模型为基础，二次流损失的计算考虑了弯叶片的影响。用此方法对一小展弦比涡轮级静叶栅进行不同弯曲角的弯扭联合成型气动设计，合理地反映了叶栅内流场特性。     

燃气涡轮弯叶片特性研究

以燃气轮机涡轮第一级导叶为研究对象,借助数值模拟对涡轮导叶气动问题进行研究,针对于涡轮的工作特点,进行了多方案计算及对比,研究了不同弯扭叶片设计参数对涡轮叶栅气动性能的影响。结果表明:根部采用-15°弯角,即正弯15°,采用0.4弯高,即采用大弯高可以有效地降低端壁处低能流体的聚集,从而有效地降低横向二次流,采用上述弯叶片计算得到总压损失系数有所降低。     

弯曲叶片涡轮叶栅二次流损失计算经验模型

根据倾斜、复合弯曲平面叶栅的实验数据的分析,提出了一个适用于弯扭气动成型设计的涡轮叶栅的二次流损失计算模型,此模型反映了叶片倾角、展弦比、叶栅稠度等诸因素对二次流损失大小以及分布规律的影响。用此模型预估了直、弯两种叶片形式下的一小展弦比燃气涡轮导向器的损失值,模型计算值同试验测试结果吻合得很好。     

某跨音速气冷涡轮三维气动优化设计研究

为了提高跨音速气冷涡轮的效率,减小涡轮内的二次流损失,基于弯叶片设计方法,编制了弯叶片生成程序,同时借助优化设计方法,对某高压涡轮进行了气动优化设计。优化过程中,在导叶中应用弯叶片技术,同时优化动叶进出口气流角,以适应动静叶间匹配的变化。优化结果显示,在流量及功率变化不大的前提下,级效率较原型提高0.3%。效率提高的主要原因是优化后导叶中横向二次流损失减小。     

风力机预弯叶片多目标优化设计

在风力机预弯叶片的设计中,叶片弦长扭角分布、铺层结构与弯曲型线之间存在着复杂的耦合设计关系,具有良好性能的叶片不仅要求年发电量高、重量轻,而且要求对主机产生的载荷小。为了使设计叶片在其生命周期内能经受各种复杂的工况,文章提出在组合危险工况下进行叶片的极限设计载荷计算,基于提出的叶片预弯型线设计方法构建了预弯叶片的气动外形和铺层结构一体化优化设计模型,以叶片的年发电量最大、质量最小和对主机的载荷最小为目标,以叶片的气动外形及叶片铺层结构的关键参数为设计变量,在满足材料强度、叶尖最大变形、振动频率的约束条件下,采用多目标粒子群算法(MOPSO)对现有的某1.5 MW风力机叶片进行优化设计。结果表明,优化设计得到的叶片Pareto最优解集可满足主机不同的匹配需要,对最优解集叶片进行分析,挑选得到了综合性能比原1.5 MW风力机叶片均有较大提高的新叶片。     

某氦气涡轮弯叶片设计方法研究

氦气涡轮高负荷、低展弦比的特点,导致端区损失占总损失的比例较高,尤其是动叶端区损失径向发展尺度较大,甚至会 主流流动。为优化某氦气涡轮气动性能和主流流动,采用数值模拟方法对动叶进行 弯曲设计研究,分别对比了正弯、反弯、反J型设计方法,研究结果表明：此氦气涡轮采用反J型设计效果最 佳,反弯 ,正弯最差。50%弯高、20°弯角的反J型设计为最佳设计点,不仅提高了涡轮级效率 ,优化了主 流流动,增强了做功能力,而且有更好的变工况特性,尤在流量为1.5kg ／s的低工况点,效率较原设计提 高2. 3个百分点。 关键词：氦气涡轮;弯叶片;通道涡;叶顶泄漏涡     

采用弯扭叶片提高汽轮机运行性能

本文介绍了适用于涡轮设计的一套计算体系,并对某机组进行了数值模拟,计算结果表明,采用弯叶片后,机组性能得到明显提高。     

涡轮导向叶栅内流场结构的数值研究

为了详细研究涡轮叶栅的气动特性，深入了解涡轮叶栅流道内的气体流动，对某型涡轮导向叶栅内的流场结构进行了数值模拟。结果表明，对本文研究的叶片弯曲方式，叶片的弯曲能够影响通道涡的位置，但采用弯叶片提高叶栅效率主要是通过降低壁角涡的损失。     

风力机预弯叶片结构与静气弹性参数化有限元分析方法研究

构建了风力机预弯叶片气动外形和铺层结构的参数化表达模型,采用MATLAB与ANSYS APDL相结合的方法对复合材料预弯叶片进行参数化有限元建模、加载和结构分析,并以某1.5 MW预弯叶片为例验证了该方法的正确性;基于修正的叶素动量理论和气动载荷参数化分布加载方法,对风力机预弯叶片的静气弹性进行分析和研究,结果表明预弯叶片的展向变形有助于叶片气动功率的提高,而叶片扭转变形造成风力机实际气动功率的降低,根据叶片的计算扭转变形,在叶片的设计中增大叶片的预扭转角度可避免叶片因弹性扭转变形造成的设计功率偏离。研制了风力机叶片结构性能和静气弹性分析工具(WTBSA),为预弯叶片的多学科优化设计奠定了基础。     

1米级弯扭叶片全三元N—S粘性流场的数值求解

目的是讨论弯扭叶片在大功率汽轮机低压缸末级的工程应用工程。弯扭叶片的通流设计采用全三元设计系统进行。通过对１ｍ级叶片的气动分析,表明弯扭成型可以有效地调整等压线的分布形状,同时也应注意不同弯曲度所带来的负面效应,在设计中优化选取适当的弯曲度。     

Effect of Bowed/Leaned Vane on the Unsteady Aerodynamic Excitation in Transonic Turbine

To investigate the effect of bowed/leaned vane configurations on the aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic excitation in transonic high-pressure turbine, the full three-dimensional viscous unsteady numerical simulation was performed by solving N-S equations based on SAS SST method.The influence of bowed/leaned vanes on turbine efficiency and efficiency fluctuation was investigated. The action of vane modelling to the overall aerodynamic fluctuation level and the amplitude of each vane passing frequency were analyzed. By comparing instantaneous pressure fluctuation contours in the blade passage with space-time maps, the link of the pressure fluctuation on blade surface with flow distortions was achieved, which can reveal the mechanism of the impact of the vane modelling. As the results suggest, the turbine efficiency is promoted with positively leaned and bowed vane modelling, and the fluctuation of stage turbine efficiency is repressed, which contributes to the smooth running of the turbine stage. The blade aerodynamic excitation on the rotor blade is characterized by the motion of vane trailing edge shock system, and the vane configurations can reduce the fluctuation level on the rotor blade surface effectively. For the positively leaned vane configuration, the aerodynamic excitations at the root and tip region are affected by the impact of the amplitude of the first harmonic, whereas they are reduced with the decrease of the amplitude of the second and higher harmonics at midspan. For the positively bowed vane, aerodynamic excitation is repressed by reducing the amplitude of the third harmonic at the root region, and the first harmonic at the tip region, and the amplitude of each harmonic is reduced at the middle region.     

轴流涡轮变工况性能模拟

给出了计算涡轮平均 S2流场分布和总性能的计算方法 ,并给出了计算叶片排中非设计点的损失和落后角模型 ,计算中考虑了变比热、冷气掺混的影响。针对单级和两级涡轮进行了计算分析 ,结果表明该方法可为预测已有的涡轮性能及其调试、改进提供分析工具。图 3表 1参 6     

Application of high-turning bowed compressor stator to redesign of highly loaded fan stage

A redesign of a highly loaded fan stage by using high-turning bowed compressor stator was conducted. The original tandem stator was replaced by the highly loaded bowed stator which was applicable to highly subsonic flow conditions. 3D contouring technique and local modification of blade were applied to the design of the bowed blade in order to improve the aerodynamic performance and the matching of the rotor and stator blade rows. Performance curves at different rotating speeds and performances at different operating points for both the original fan stage and redesigned fan stage were obtained by numerical simulations. The results show that the highly loaded bowed stator can be used not only to improve the structure and the aerodynamic performances at various operating points of the compressor stage but also to provide high performances at off-design conditions. It is believed that the highly loaded bowed stator can advance the design of high-performance compressor.     

Unsteady Numerical Simulation of Hot Streak/Blades Interaction and Film Cooling

Deeply research on management and application of hot streak is an important way to breakthrough technique obstacle of aero engine hot components. Numerical method is a useful instrument to investigate the correlative problems. Firstly the paper developed independently three dimensional unsteady parallel computational code-MpiTurbo based on Fortran 90 and MPI at Linux operating system. Then unsteady numerical simulation was carried out to investigate impacts of the factors, which included circumferential locations of hot streak and clocking positions of blade rows, on the thermal environment of a 1＋1 counter-rotating turbine. The results clear- ly indicated that clocking positions of hot streak/blade row and blade row/blade row had great influence on the time-averaged temperature distribution of the third blade row. Therefore, it can be effective for improving thermal environment of turbine to optimize blade parameters and clocking positions. Lastly film cooling layout was de- signed by the repetitious steady simulation based on source term method. And the flow structure detail was given by the unsteady simulation.     

Numerical Analysis of the Aeroelastic Behaviour for the Last Turbine Stage in 3D Transonic Flow

An understanding of the physics of the mutual interaction between gas flow and oscillating blades, and the development of predictive capabilities is essential for improving overall efficiency, durability and reliability. In this study presented the algorithm proposed involving the coupled solution of 3D unsteady flow through a turbine stage and dynamic problem for rotor blades motion by action of aerodynamic forces without separating outer and inner flow fluctuations. There has been performed the calculations for the last stage of the steam turbine under design and off-design regimes. It has investigated the mutual influence of both outer flow non-uniformity and blades oscillations. It has shown that amplitude-frequency spectrum of blade oscillations contains the high frequency harmonics, corresponding to rotor moving one stator blade pitch, and low frequency harmonics caused by blade oscillations and flow non-uniformity downstream from the blade row.     

Application of high-turning bowed compressor stator to redesign of highly loaded fan stage

A redesign of a highly loaded fan stage by using high-turning bowed compressor stator was conducted. The original tandem stator was replaced by the highly loaded bowed stator which was applicable to highly subsonic flow conditions. 3D contouring technique and local modification of blade were applied to the design of the bowed blade in order to improve the aerodynamic performance and the matching of the rotor and stator blade rows. Performance curves at different rotating speeds and performances at different operating points for both the original fan stage and redesigned fan stage were obtained by numerical simulations. The results show that the highly loaded bowed stator can be used not only to improve the structure and the aerodynamic performances at various operating points of the compressor stage but also to provide high performances at off-design conditions. It is believed that the highly loaded bowed stator can advance the design of high-performance compressor. __________ Translated from Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2007, 28(1): 26–31 [译自: 推进技术]     

Numerical Modelling of the Aeroelastic Behaviour and Variable Loads for the Turbine Stage in 3D Transonic Flow

Introduction Aeroelastic phenomena in the turbine stage are characterized by instability, continuous interaction and energy exchange between the fluid and the structure; so they cannot be studied properly in the frame of each of uncoupled domains separately (aerodynamics or structural dynamics). The traditional approach in flutter calculations of bladed disks is based on frequency domain analysis[1,2], in which the blade motion is assumed to be a harmonic function of time with a constant phas…     

新型大功率汽轮机中压马刀型叶片的技术开发

采用先进CFD技术,在原有可控涡叶片基础上,通过优化叶片的径向积叠规律,开发了新型大功率汽轮机的中压马刀型叶片。应用该叶片能使叶栅通道端部产生逆压力梯度,减少二次流损失,提高中压缸的流动效率,降低整机热耗。该叶片的应用具有较大的经济效益。     

超低水头轴流式水轮机CFD优化及流动特性研究

结合某水电站改造要求,研发了一种设计水头为2.75 m的超低水头轴流式水轮机并对其性能进行优化,以达到有效利用低水头水力资源的目的。基于不可压缩连续方程及雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法对轴流式水轮机进行三维全流场数值模拟,分别分析了轴流式转轮叶片翼型、轮毂比、导叶开度及安放角对水轮机性能的影响,并对最优模型进行实测验证。结果表明,在满足设计水头为2.75 m的情况下,选用配置叶片B、轮毂比为0.30、叶片相对安放角为-2°的水轮机,当导叶相对开度为0°时,装置水力损失最小,最高效率达83.7%,且数值模拟计算所得出力与实测结果误差小于099%,表明基于CFD的数值模拟对超低水头轴流式水轮机的性能预测精度较高。