TiO2纳米晶/空心玻璃微珠复合填料的制备与研究

采用化学沉积法使TiO2以纳米粒子的形式包覆于空心玻璃微珠表面,成功制备了TiO2纳米晶/空心玻璃微珠复合填料.分别用扫描电镜(SEM)及紫外可见近红外分光光度计对产物进行了晶体形貌观察及光反射性能测试.结果表明:TiO2在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆效果良好,且经过热处理后空心玻璃微珠破损率很低,二氧化钛纳米晶尺寸为5～50 nm,膜层厚度为50～500 nm;光谱分析表明:该复合粉体对可见光和近红外波段的太阳光辐射具有很高的反射率(＞95%).将改性空心微珠、空心玻璃微珠及国外较好的玻璃微珠分别作为填料制备隔热涂料,光谱分析表明:以改性微珠作为填料制备的涂料,漆膜对太阳光主要能最波段(500～1500 nm)的光反射性能得到显著提高,当涂料与改性微珠质量比为100:15时,漆膜的光反射效果最佳,平均光反射率高于85%,该性能指标优于空心玻璃微珠及国外同类产品.     

厚度对溶胶-凝胶法制备锂掺杂ZnO薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在玻璃衬底上制备了不同厚度的ZnO:Li半导体薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析了薄膜的物相结构和形貌,用Hall效应测量仪常温下测量薄膜的电学性能.结果表明:该薄膜具有高度的c轴择优取向性,所有薄膜只有1个(002)衍射峰,并且衍射强度随着膜厚增加而加强.ZnO:Li薄膜晶粒呈柱状,晶粒直径不随膜厚改变,约为40 um.ZnO:Li薄膜为P型导电,薄膜越厚,其电学性能与晶体结晶越好,(002)方向择优取向生长越明显.电阻率随着膜厚增加而减小,最小的电阻率为1.32×102(Ω·cm).载流子-空穴浓度为3.546×1016/cm3,迁移率为1.34cm2/(V·s).ZnO:Li薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率达到90%,薄膜对紫外光的吸收与厚度有关.     

Na2O-CaO-SiO2平板玻璃减反射功能化研究

随着光伏产业的高速发展,与之配套使用的减反射玻璃重新进入了研究者们的视野。本文采用湿化学二步刻蚀法制备了具有减反射性能的Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂平板玻璃,采用分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X射线能谱仪等测试样品的透过率、表面形貌和断面膜层厚度、表面化学成分、耐酸性和硬度,研究了反应温度和反应时间、玻璃膜层结构与透过率的关系。通过使用弱碱性的混合盐溶液对Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂玻璃表面进行化学刻蚀,使玻璃表面Si—O键断裂,在玻璃表面形成纳米膜层结构,当膜层厚度达到一定厚度时,一定波长的光在玻璃表面发生相消干涉,透过率最高可达到97.8%,刻蚀前后玻璃成分基本无变化,铅笔硬度达到3H。     

纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化降解酸性红B

以Zn（acac）2·H2O为单源前驱体,用水热法成功地制备了纳米ZnO,利用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等手段对样品进行了表征。对自制的纳米ZnO进行了光催化活性研究,结果表明：纳米ZnO对200～380nm波长范围的光和在可见光范围内都有较强的吸收作用。利用纳米ZnO作为光催化剂对有机染料溶液进行了降解实验,发现在太阳光照射3h后,对酸性红B的降解率可达到100%。     

Fe/Pt/Cu纳米颗粒膜晶粒间的相互作用

本文对不同厚度的Fe/Pt/Cu纳米颗粒膜进行了等温剩磁与直流退磁剩磁曲线分析,并将其与Stoner-Wohlfarth模型对比研究。结果表明,Fe/Pt/Cu多层膜的磁性颗粒间的相互作用随着厚度的增加而增强。在剩磁曲线中,Ir(15000Oe)亦随着膜厚增加而增大;从而可以推断,晶粒间相互作用的增强能减小多层膜的剩余磁化强度,提高矫顽力。     

连续离子层吸附反应(SILAR)法制备纳米Cu_2O薄膜

采用低温液相薄膜制备工艺--连续离子层吸附反应(SILAR)法,在玻璃衬底上制备了纳米Cu2O薄膜,考察了工艺参数对薄膜质量和薄膜表面形貌的影响,对薄膜的生长速率与反应溶液浓度、反应温度以及循环次数的关系进行了研究和分析。结果表明,采用连续离子层吸附反应(SILAR)法有利于制备高质量的纳米Cu2O薄膜,连续离子层吸附反应(SILAR)法可以有效去掉疏松的离子,每次循环吸附反应都能使紧密吸附的离子转化成致密的纳米Cu2O薄膜,这样既有利于纳米Cu2O颗粒的生成,同时减少了污染和降低了成本。试验表明,制备纳米Cu2O薄膜的最佳反应温度为70℃,最佳反应溶液浓度均为1 mol/L,纳米Cu2O薄膜的膜厚随着循环次数的增加而增加,循环40次可制得厚度为0.38μm的薄膜。经XRD和SEM测试,所制备的薄膜纯度高,表面平整且致密,Cu2O颗粒大小约为100 nm。     

薄膜厚度对NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe自旋阀多层膜的磁阻效应的影响

用射频磁控溅射方法制备多层膜,研究了双层膜NiO／NiFe的矫顽力Hc和交换耦合场Hex与反铁磁层NiO、铁磁层NiFe厚度的关系。结果表明：NiO厚度为70nm时,Hex最大;Hc随NiO厚度增大而增大。当NiFe厚度增加时,Hex近似线性减小;而矫顽力则随NiFe厚度增大开始有缓慢增加,然后才减小。对于NiO（70nm）／NiFe（t1nm）／Cu（2．2nm）／NiFe（t2nm）自旋阀多层膜材料,研究了NiFe膜厚度对磁阻效应的影响。结果表明：被钉扎层NiFe的厚度为3nm时,自由层NiFe的厚度为5nm时,MR值分别最大,约为1．6％。     

离子束诱发沉积Pt纳米结构的研究

文章采用聚焦离子束诱发沉积的方法在Si表露制备了周期性的Pt纳米结构,利用扫描电子显微镜研究了离子束流和沉积时间对纳米结构的影响。本研究对于实现纳米结构的可控沉积具有学术参考价值。     

常压化学气相沉积法制备Ti5Si3薄膜及其镀膜玻璃

以制各兼具阳光控制和低辐射功能的镀膜玻璃为目的,以硅烷与四氯化钛为反应前驱体,氮气为保护气体和稀释气体,通过常压化学气相沉积法模拟玻璃浮法在线镀膜工艺,在玻璃基板上成功制备了Ti5Si3薄膜,用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、四探针测阻仪和分光光度计对薄膜的相结构、形貌、电学、光学性能进行了表征.结果表明:薄膜为六方结构的Ti5Si3晶相,晶相含量较高,晶粒尺寸为23nm,薄膜中的晶粒以200nm左右的多晶颗粒团聚体形式存在.薄膜电阻率为122μΩ·cm,与Ti5Si3晶体的本征电阻率相当.这种单层镀膜玻璃的红外反射率可高达92.1%,可见光区的透过率为25%,兼具阳光控制和低辐射功能.     

高度有序的多孔型铝阳极氧化膜的制备

以硫酸为电解液研究了多孔阳极氧化铝膜的制备,并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对多孔氧化铝膜的形貌进行表征.结果表明:氧化电压在24～26 V时能够得到孔径为25～30 nm的多孔氧化铝膜.在不同电压下进行阳极氧化时,多孔氧化铝形成过程均经历了阻挡层形成、多孔层萌生及多孔层稳定生长三个阶段,但多孔层萌生及稳定生长的电流密度随氧化电压的升高而增加.当氧化时间为6h时氧化膜厚度达到最大值38nm.对多孔氧化铝膜进行XPS分析表明,氧化铝膜的主要成分为非晶态Al2O3.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。