柠檬果皮精油的化学组成、抗氧化及抑菌活性研究

采用GC-MS法分析经水蒸气蒸馏法所提柠檬果皮精油的化学组分,并对其抗氧化与抑菌活性进行了研究。实验结果表明:鉴定出23种挥发性成分,占精油总量的94.57%,主要为dl-柠檬烯（42.93%）、γ-萜品烯（8.41%）、α-松油醇（6.39%）和E-柠檬醛（6.09%）等;柠檬精油对OH自由基有较好的清除效果,清除率可达95.14%;而对DPPH自由基的清除率在实验条件下最高为34.81%,远低于同浓度的PG和TBHQ。200mg/kg添加量的柠檬精油可延缓猪油和花生油的贮藏期,但略差于同浓度TBHQ和VE的抗氧化效果。抑菌活性实验结果表明柠檬精油对6种供试菌都有一定的抑菌作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最好,其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.1μL/m L。      

Chemical composition,antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Metaplexis japonica and their antibacterial components

The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils from Metaplexis japonica and isolation of antibacterial constituents from the essential oils. Results showed that 63 components were identified in essential oils. Phenylethyl alcohol (77.978%), α‐terpineol (31.810%) and docosane (21.644%) were the most abundent constituents of flower oil, leaf oil and fruit oil, respectively. Based on bioactivity‐guided fractionation, three active constituents were isolated and identified as phenylethyl alcohol, α‐terpineol and β‐linalool. Both flower oil and phenylethyl alcohol showed high antibacterial performance, with inhibition zone from 25 ± 0.5 to 11 ± 0.6 mm at highest concentration, and MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 2%. In both DPPH and ABTS assay, the oils showed moderate antioxidant activity. These results indicate potential efficacy of active constituents and essential oils of M. japonica to control food‐borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria.     

草果精油的化学组成、抗氧化及抑菌活性研究

以正己烷为溶剂提取草果精油,利用气相-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析其化学成分,同时研究了草果精油的抗氧化和抑菌活性。结果表明,草果精油成分比较复杂,其中有23种化合物被鉴定,主要成分为香叶醇（29.42%）、橙花叔醇（9.87%）、十八碳烯酸（8.62%）等。草果精油对DPPH和ABTS自由基均显示出了较好的清除效果,EC50值分别为3.84、3.20mg/mL;不同浓度的草果精油对5种测试菌都有一定的抑菌作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最好,其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为2.0mg/mL。      

天竺桂挥发油对小鼠的体外抗氧化作用研究

目的:通过提取天竺桂挥发油,对小鼠进行体外的抗氧化的实验,研究天竺桂挥发油的抗氧化作用。方法:使用ROS测定试剂盒测定挥发油的抗活性氧能力;使用丙二醛(MDA)测定试剂盒和GSH-Px活力测定试剂盒测定天竺桂挥发油对小鼠体外MDA含量的影响;用分光光度法来测定天竺桂挥发油对H2O2所诱导的小鼠红细胞溶血和Fe2+-Vc诱导的肝线粒体肿胀度的抑制效果;通过化学方法考查了天竺桂挥发油清除DPPH自由基以及羟自由基的能力。结果:挥发油在浓度为0.25%～1.00%的范围内,有较强的体外抗氧化性,且能减少小鼠肝匀浆和心脏匀浆MDA的含量,对H2O2诱导的小鼠红细胞溶血和由Fe2+-Vc诱导的肝线粒体肿胀度均具有显著的抑制作用,具有较强的清除DPPH自由基以及羟自由基的能力。     

香橼精油体外抗氧化及其抑菌活性研究

为了研究香橼精油的抗氧化性及对细菌、酵母和霉菌的抑菌活性,本文采用体外抗氧化法和琼脂平板扩散法,研究香橼精油总还原力,清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基和H2O2能力,以及对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、黑曲霉的抑制作用。结果表明:香橼精油的抗氧化能力与质量浓度呈正相关,对DPPH自由基、·OH自由基(IC50值为0.32 mg/m L)和H2O2(IC50值为148μg/m L)均有一定的清除能力。香橼精油对霉菌的抑制作用明显强于酵母与细菌,其中对黑曲霉的抑制效果最显著(25.39±1.12)mm,对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制最弱(14.04±1.35)mm。最小抑菌浓度在0.31~1.25 mg/m L,且在p H5~7范围内、温度80、115、121℃及一定时间紫外线照射(20、40 min)影响下,对大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母仍保持较强的抑制作用。      

油樟叶的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

油樟是一种材用﹑药用兼之的植物,目前从油樟叶精油中已鉴定出化合物113余个,主要是烃类、醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类和酚类化合物等成分,其中不乏药用价值较高的活性成分。本文对油樟叶的化学成分、提取制备及其生物活性进行梳理﹑归纳,并分析其相关存在的问题,以期为油樟叶资源的进一步研究﹑开发利用提供参考。     

核桃青皮果蔬酵素的成分组成及体外抗氧化活性研究

以核桃青皮和果蔬为原料,经过发酵、纯化制得核桃青皮果蔬酵素,对酵素的化学成分、功效酶和主要抗氧化成分含量进行测定,并对其抗氧化功效进行评估。结果表明:核桃青皮果蔬酵素的可溶性固形物、酸度、总糖和总蛋白含量分别为29.300%、1.959%、11.802 mg/m L和39.000 mg/m L,经感官品尝,酵素液酸甜适口、果醋香浓郁;其矿物质元素也较丰富,含量呈现K>Cl>Mg>Na>Ca>P>Fe>Zn的趋势;酵素内功效酶测定结果显示,超氧化物歧化酶活性很高,可达1980.250 U/m L,而淀粉酶活较低;酵素内4个主要抗氧化成分含量高低顺序为:抗坏血酸>总花青素>总黄酮>总多酚,其黄酮含量与冬枣酵素相当,而多酚含量远小于葡萄酵素;与火龙果酵素相比,核桃青皮果蔬酵素显示出更强的清除DPPH·、O₂^-·、·OH能力,同时核桃青皮果蔬酵素呈现出良好的还原力和总抗氧化能力,而对金属离子的螯合能力则较差。      

Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from pine needle (Cedrus deodara)

The chemical composition of essential oil from pine needles (Cedrus deodara) was determined, and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Twenty-three components, representing 95.79% of the oil, were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main components include α-terpineol (30.2%), linalool (24.47%), limonene (17.01%), anethole (14.57%), caryophyllene (3.14%), and eugenol (2.14%). Pine needle essential oil showed remarkable antioxidant activity in scavenging free radicals, in lipid peroxidation, and in reducing power assays. Moreover, the essential oil revealed strong antimicrobial activity against typical food-borne microorganisms, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 0.2 to 1.56 and 0.39 to 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Transmission electron microscope observation ascertained that the bactericidal mechanism of pine needle essential oil may be the induction of cytoplasmic outflow and plasmolysis. These results suggest that the essential oil from pine needles has potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present study provides a theoretical basis for the potential application of essential oil from pine needles (C. deodara) to be used as a natural resource of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food industry.     

8种不同植物油的脂肪酸组成及抗氧化性比较

以紫苏籽油、芝麻油、胡麻油、青花菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、玉米油、葵花籽油8种植物油为研究对象,比较不同种类植物油的脂肪酸组成、多酚含量和抗氧化性。结果表明：8种植物油脂肪酸组成比例各不相同,其中花生油中油酸含量最高,为43.98%,葵花籽油中亚油酸含量最高,为6500%,紫苏籽油中亚麻酸含量最高,为63.89%;8种植物油的DPPH自由基清除能力强弱顺序为芝麻油>大豆油>玉米油>青花菜籽油>胡麻油>花生油>紫苏籽油>葵花籽油,与其多酚含量一致;8种植物油的铁离子还原能力从大到小依次为芝麻油＞大豆油＞青花菜籽油＞花生油＞胡麻油＞玉米油＞紫苏籽油＞葵花籽油。     

植物精油的提取、成分分析以及抗氧化活性研究

植物精油近年来得到越来越多的关注,人们对于精油的功效寄予厚望,对多种植物精油进行了研究,包括唇形科、菊科、桃金娘科以及姜科等植物的精油。不同植物精油在成分和含量上存在较大差异,因此在生物活性方面也存在一定差异。文章主要对近几年来关于植物精油的提取、成分分析以及抗氧化活性的研究进行总结与概述,为精油的开发利用奠定研究基础。      

香桂精油的微波辅助提取、化学成分和抗菌活性研究

采用微波辅助提取法(MASD)提取香桂叶中的香桂精油,通过单因素试验优化了提取工艺,并对香桂精油的化学成分和抑菌性能进行了研究。优化的提取工艺条件为:液料比20∶1(mL/g),微波功率100 W,提取时间1.5h,该条件下香桂精油的得率为4.43%。GC-MS分析表明,香桂精油的主要成分为黄樟油素,含量为98.408%。香桂精油对4种测试菌均表现出一定的抑菌活性,对根霉的抑制活性最强,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为6.25mg/mL。     

Chemical composition,antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the essential oils of Myristica fragrans and Morinda citrifolia

BACKGROUND: In this study the chemical composition, antioxidant activities and cytotoxic effect of the essential oils of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) and Morinda citrifolia (mengkudu) were determined. RESULTS: Thirty‐eight compounds in nutmeg oil and six compounds in mengkudu oil were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The free radical scavenging activity of nutmeg oil was superior of that mengkudu oil. The MTT assay of nutmeg oil on human colorectal carcinoma (HCT‐116) and human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) cell lines showed IC₅₀ values of 78.61 and 66.45 µg mL^?1, respectively. The mengkudu oil exhibited IC₅₀ values of 91.46 and 78.15 µg mL^?1 for HCT‐116 and MCF‐7, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results showed that nutmeg oil can be developed as potent anti‐cancer and antioxidant drugs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant studies on Syzygium cumini fruit

Syzygium cumini, widely known as Jamun, is a tropical tree that yields purple ovoid fleshy fruit. Its seed has traditionally been used in India for the treatment of diabetes. Based on the available ethno‐pharmacological knowledge, further studies were extended to understand the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of three anatomically distinct parts of fruit: the pulp, kernel and seed coat. Fruit parts, their corresponding ethanol extracts and residues were evaluated for chemical composition. The alcoholic extract was evaluated for its antioxidant potential against DPPH^?, OH^?, O₂^?? and lipid peroxidation. The whole fruit consisted of 666.0 ± 111.0 g kg^?1 pulp, 290.0 ± 40.0 g kg^?1 kernel and 50.0 ± 15.0 g kg^?1 seed coat. Fresh pulp was rich in carbohydrates, protein and minerals. Total fatty matter was not significant in all three parts of fruit. Detailed mineral analysis showed calcium was abundant in all fruit parts and extracts. Total phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoid contents of pulp were 3.9 ± 0.5, 1.34 ± 0.2 and 0.07 ± 0.04 g kg^?1, respectively. Kernel and seed coat contained 9.0 ± 0.7 and 8.1 ± 0.8 g kg^?1 total phenolics respectively. Jamun pulp ethanol extract (PEE), kernel ethanol extract (KEE) and seed coat ethanol extract (SCEE) showed a high degree of phenolic enrichment. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples and standards in descending order was: gallic acid > quercetin > Trolox > KEE > BHT > SCEE > PEE. Superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀) of KEE was six times higher (85.0 ± 5.0 µg mL^?1) compared to Trolox (540.0 ± 5.0 µg mL^?1) and three times compared to catechin (296.0 ± 11.0 µg mL^?1). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀) of KEE was 151.0 ± 5.0 µg mL^?1 which was comparable with catechin (188.0 ± 6.0 µg mL^?1). Inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the extracts was also studied and their activity against peroxide radicals were lower than that of standard compounds (BHT, 79.0 ± 4.0 µg mL^?1; quercetin, 166.0 ± 13.0 µg mL^?1; Trolox, 175.0 ± 4.0 µg mL^?1; PEE, 342.0 ± 17.0 µg mL^?1; KEE, 202.0 ± 13.0 µg mL^?1 and SCEE, 268.0 ± 13.0 µg mL^?1. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

山楂籽油化学成分及抗氧化活性的研究

对山楂籽油的化学成分、脂肪酸组成进行了研究,测定了山楂籽油中角鲨烯、维生素E、总黄酮、总多酚含量,利用DPPH和ABTS法评价山楂籽油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:通过GC-MS,初步确认了23种化学成分,其中亚油酸、油酸及其脂类、角鲨烯为主要成分。通过对山楂籽油的脂肪酸分析,鉴别出14种脂肪酸,主要为不饱和脂肪酸(89%);测定角鲨烯含量为(236. 64±13. 20) mg/kg,HPLC法分别测定4种亚型维生素E的含量,含量最高的为γ-生育酚,达到(51. 92±2. 53) mg/100 g,测定了总多酚和总黄酮含量,分别为(424. 59±11. 25)、(103. 33±5. 86) mg REs/100 g DW,这些物质均有很好的抗氧化活性。利用DPPH和ABTS法评价了山楂籽油的抗氧化活性,结果显示山楂籽油对DPPH和ABTS有很好的清除能力,清除率均达到90%以上。     

An Overview on Chemical Composition,Bioactivity and Processing of Leaves of Cinnamomum tamala

Dried leaves of Cinnamomum tamala, also known as Indian bay leaves, are a lesser-known spice used in the Indian subcontinent. It imparts a warm, peppery, clove-cinnamon like flavor to a variety of food preparations. Besides food applications, the leaves have also been traditionally used for curing a number of ailments and for other perceived health benefits. They find mention in the Aurvedic, Yunani, and other traditional medicinal literature. This review summarizes the effect of Cinnamomum tamala leaves on biological systems such as immune system, gastro-intestinal tract, liver and its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. Chemical components that may be responsible for its flavor as well as bioactivity, have also been discussed.     

沙枣黄酮提取工艺、抗氧化及抑菌活性研究

利用单因素和正交实验研究了沙枣黄酮的提取工艺,采用DPPH自由基清除法、Rancimat实验研究沙枣黄酮的抗氧化性能,用滤纸片法检测其抑菌活性。结果显示,沙枣黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶18、超声时间10min,乙醇浓度60%,超声功率320W,在此条件下沙枣黄酮得率达5.28%;抗氧化实验表明,沙枣黄酮有较好的抗氧化活性,且在同浓度下,其抗氧化活性强于VC;抑菌实验结果显示,沙枣黄酮对六种供试菌种均有抑制效果。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为1.0g/L;对枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉、毛霉、黑曲霉的最小抑菌浓度为1.5g/L。      

新疆一枝蒿挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从新疆一枝蒿中提取挥发油,利用GC-MS技术对其化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,并通过DPPH自由基清除体系和β-胡萝卜素漂白体系来评价新疆一枝蒿挥发油体外抗氧化作用。结果表明:共分离出49种组分,鉴定了其中的48种化合物,占总挥发油含量的89.82%,其主要成分为乙酸二氢香芹酯(31.54%)、2-羟基-3-(1-丙烯基)-1,4-萘醌(27.28%)等。抗氧化实验中,新疆一枝蒿挥发油在DPPH自由基清除体系中的IC50为0.195mg/mL,自由基清除能力相当于强抗氧化剂抗坏血酸(Vc)的70%～80%;在β-胡萝卜素漂白体系中的IC50为0.579mg/mL,抗脂质氧化能力相当于强抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)的85%～90%。表明新疆一枝蒿具有优异的抗氧化活性,且具有明显的量—效相关性。     

不同产地腌渍萝卜化学成分分析及抑菌活性比较

利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法分析不同产地腌渍萝卜的化学成分,使用牛津杯法对腌渍萝卜提取物进行了抑菌实验,并采用 噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测提取物对人正常肝细胞（LO2）和肝脏肿瘤细胞（HepG2）增殖的抑制作用。 结果表明,甲醇、乙醇、乙醚、丙 酮及乙酸乙酯提取物中分别有5种、6种、12种、11种、12种抑菌活性成分,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性最强。 30种提取物中,6个对 酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）有抑制效果（抑菌圈直径9.11～12.76 mm）;16个对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）有抑制效果（抑菌 圈直径10.84～31.92 mm）;24个对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）有抑制效果（抑菌圈直径11.11～32.23 mm）。 在提取物的质 量浓度为50 μg/mL的条件下,22种提取物对LO2细胞无毒,对HepG2细胞的抑制率在22.60%～63.63%,表明腌渍萝卜提取物中可能 存在抗癌活性成分。