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化工生产原料、中间体和产品是在生产装置内加热、混合、反应、分离、冷却和储存的,物料不能离开装置而独立存在,因此,化工火灾中装置与设备是燃烧的主体。化工生产装置具有处理物料易燃、易爆、有毒,设备种类多,压力容器多,工艺管线多、阀门多,物料处理量大,操作控制难,设备高低不同,设备材质多样的特点,危险性大,一旦着火扑救困难,而且容易发生二次着火、爆炸,容易造成人员窒息和中毒,所以必须引起高度的重视。研究石油化工装置火灾扑救对策,有效控制和扑救化工生产装置火灾,有着十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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青花瓷以其釉色晶莹,发色青翠,青白相间,幽静典雅、清新质朴的特色,成为陶瓷装饰艺术中最具民族特色的一个门类,其绘画以平涂为主方法,结合勾、皴、点、染技法,线条苍劲有力,笔法细腻传神,线条活泼流畅,粗细兼备,料色浓淡兼施,极富中国传统水墨画韵味,深受人们的喜爱。 相似文献
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我公司成立于1973年,位于广州市西北郊,紧靠珠江支流石门河畔,是自立项目、自筹资金、自负盈亏的集体所有制企业,公司属下有两个生产厂,年生产能力为180万吨。我公司视产品质量为企业的生命,不断吸收、消化国内外先进的生产技术,采用现代化的生产工艺和设备,配以严格、高效的管理体制,使产品质量始终维持在优质的水平,多次荣获市优、省优、部优产品称号,是国家免检产品、广东省名牌产品以及广东省著名商标。我公司一贯重视企业形象塑造和企业文化建设,投入大量资金进行园林式厂区建设, 相似文献
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发展煤炭循环经济产业,延长煤炭产业链,煤炭、化工、电力、建材行业有机结合,深加工成高附加值产品,缓减石油紧张的压力,同时减少燃煤在一次能源中的消耗量。积极发展新型煤气化工业,做到高效率、低污染、新技术、大型化。保护生态环境,实现能源的可持续发展,创造和谐生态工业基地。 相似文献
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乙二醇,别名甘醇,英文名Ethylene Glycol,简称EG,是最简单的脂肪族二元醇,外观为无色透明粘稠液体,作为一种重要的基础石油化工原料,乙二醇可以衍生出100多种化工产品和化学品,主要用于生产聚酯纤维、防冻剂、不饱和聚酯树脂、润滑剂、增塑剂、非离子表面活性剂等,以及用于炸药、涂料、油墨等行业,此外,还可用于生产特种溶剂乙二醇醚等,用途十分广泛。目前全世界乙二醇总产量已超过2000万t,三分之一的市场需求在中国。 相似文献
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陶瓷是中国的特色文化,亦称之为国粹。进入80年代,陶瓷艺术的发展已经发生了巨大变化,已经由相对单一的传统创作。进入了全新的综合装饰艺术领域,时至今日,称的上是百花争艳,各领风骚,名家倍出,推陈出新,其优秀的表现手法主要为——青花釉里红、青花斗彩、青花影青、珐琅彩、新彩、高温色彩,珊瑚描金,堆花加彩以及色彩堆花等等。 相似文献
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本刊讯日前,福建第二家居然之家卖场在泉州洛江隆重开业,包括中字、辉煌、爱谱乐、九牧、申鹭达、宏浪、帝景在内的7家泉州卫浴企业联袂入驻,为其壮大声势。据了解,与其它建材卖场不同的是,泉州洛江居然之家与台湾大润发超市强强联合,形成了超市与卖场相结合的全新商业模式,该卖场一楼为卫浴、瓷砖、吊顶专区,二楼为橱衣柜、地板门窗专区,三楼为软装专区,四楼为家具专区,五楼设有娱乐柽饮区域,不同于以往的营业模式,吸引了很多人气,未来发展潜力极高。 相似文献
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Quality‐relevant fault diagnosis with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes 下载免费PDF全文
Chunhui Zhao 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2014,60(6):2048-2062
Multiplicity of phases as indicated by changes of process characteristics is an inherent nature of many batch processes for both normal and fault cases. To more efficiently perform online fault diagnosis via reconstruction for multiphase batch processes, the phase nature and the relationship between normal and fault cases within each phase should be deeply addressed. This article proposes a quality‐relevant fault diagnosis strategy with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes. First, a concurrent phase partition algorithm is developed. The basic idea is to track the changes of process characteristics at normal and fault statuses jointly so that multiple sequential modeling phases are identified simultaneously for both normal and fault cases. Then, the relative changes from the normal status to each fault case are analyzed in each phase to reveal the specific fault effects more efficiently. The fault effects are decomposed in two different monitoring subspaces, principal subspace, and residual subspace, by capturing their different roles in removing out‐of‐control signals. The significant increases relative to the normal case are judged to be responsible for the concerned alarm monitoring statistics in each phase. The others are composed of general variations that are deemed to still follow normal rules and thus insignificant to remove alarm monitoring statistics. Those alarm‐responsible fault deviations are then used to develop reconstruction models which can more efficiently recover the fault‐free part for online fault diagnosis. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with a typical multiphase batch process with one normal case and three fault cases. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2048–2062, 2014 相似文献
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Multivariate statistical process monitoring methods are often used in chemical process fault diagnosis. In this article,(I) the cycle temporal algorithm(CTA) combined with the dynamic kernel principal component analysis(DKPCA) and the multiway dynamic kernel principal component analysis(MDKPCA) fault detection algorithms are proposed, which are used for continuous and batch process fault detections,respectively. In addition,(II) a fault variable identification model based on reconstructed-based ... 相似文献
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In this paper, the fault isolation and fault magnitude estimate methods are proposed. In the original fault isolation methods, contribution plots are popular. However, it is not accurate. In the original fault estimation methods, the authors assume that the fault magnitude is far greater than the normal measurement. However, the assumption is too strong. To avoid the above two problems, in this paper, the fault is isolated by determining the fault direction and the fault magnitude is estimated using the fault reconstruction. The proposed methods are used to Monte Carlo simulation and the electrical smelting magnesium furnace. From the simulation results, we can see that the proposed methods can solve the problems mentioned above effectively. 相似文献
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Sheng-Yung Chang 《Chemical engineering science》2003,58(15):3395-3411
By considering the fault propagation behaviors in process systems with control loops, a fuzzy-logic based fault diagnosis strategy has been developed in the present work. The proposed fault diagnosis methods can be implemented in two stages. In the off-line preparation stage, the fault origins of a system hazard are identified by determining the minimal cut sets of the corresponding fault tree. The fault propagation patterns in a feedback loop are obtained on the basis of system digraph. The occurrence order of observable symptoms caused by each fault origin is derived accordingly and then encoded into a set of IF-THEN diagnosis rules. In the next on-line diagnosis stage, the occurrence indices of the top event and also the fault origins are computed in a fuzzy inference system based on real-time measurement data. Simulation studies have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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分析广州城区供电局在使用电缆型故障指示器中存在的问题,剖析电缆型故障指示器不能正确动作的原因,结合生产实际情况,逐一提出解决办法,并提出电缆型故障指示器选型和安装验收的技术标准。 相似文献
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孙明科 《化学工业与工程技术》2009,30(1):54-57
针对本公司在线监测、准在线监测、离线监测与故障分析系统,对公司的电机管理提供了科学的手段,通过准确监测与故障诊断分析,找出故障的类型及故障产生的原因,估算故障的危险程度并预测其发展,提出消除故障、恢复和改善机械设备正常状态的措施,电机的运行可靠性得到提高,可为企业节约大量的维修成本。 相似文献
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为了对质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)系统进行故障诊断以提高系统的安全性和可靠性,针对PEMFC系统的强非线性,在九阶状态空间模型的基础上提出一种滑模观测器实时生成残差,利用故障阈值检测法建立故障特征矩阵检测故障,进而为了隔离故障,引入相对故障敏感度函数建立理论相对故障敏感度矩阵,在系统运行时实时计算各故障相对故障敏感度与理论相对故障敏感度的欧氏距离,最小欧氏距离对应的故障则为系统发生的故障,结果验证了所提出的基于模型的故障诊断方法的有效性,且所构建观测器可以估计PEMFC系统中难以直接测取的状态变量,平均相对误差在6%以内。 相似文献
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介绍发电机定子线圈发生接地故障的情况,以及查找故障点的方法。对故障原因进行了分析,判定以往事故冲击和线棒局部放电是本次事故的主要原因,并提出了防范措施。 相似文献
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为了对质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)系统进行故障诊断以提高系统的安全性和可靠性,针对PEMFC系统的强非线性,在九阶状态空间模型的基础上提出一种滑模观测器实时生成残差,利用故障阈值检测法建立故障特征矩阵检测故障,进而为了隔离故障,引入相对故障敏感度函数建立理论相对故障敏感度矩阵,在系统运行时实时计算各故障相对故障敏感度与理论相对故障敏感度的欧氏距离,最小欧氏距离对应的故障则为系统发生的故障,结果验证了所提出的基于模型的故障诊断方法的有效性,且所构建观测器可以估计PEMFC系统中难以直接测取的状态变量,平均相对误差在6%以内。 相似文献