燃气轮机多级轴流压气机快捷一体化气动设计与性能优化研究

基于子午流面正反问题流线曲率法、改进Powell算法和叶型参数化方法,构建轴流压气机快捷气动设计、性能分析与优化平台,对某燃气轮机9级轴流高压压气机开展一体化气动设计和多目标优化。结果表明:该平台可自动有效实现多级轴流压气机快速设计、多工况性能分析和优化流程;优化改善了压气机各叶排流动和负荷匹配,实现了多工况扩稳增效;优化后设计点流量、总压比、绝热效率及设计转速下喘振裕度分别为25.97 kg/s, 5.038,88.25%和33.33%;相比优化前,设计转速下裕度提升了5.39%,80%相对转速下裕度和目标工况点效率分别提升了7.56%和2.71%。     

十级轴流压气机旋转失速和喘振的实测与分析

本文介绍了一个全尺寸十级亚音速轴流压气机试验台,并给出了该实物压气机旋转失速和喘振的试验结果。文中提供了一种测试实物压气机旋转失速和喘振过程动态参数的较好的方法,该种方法可用于压气机的防喘系统。作者分析了数据,并指出影响压气机旋转失速和喘振的诸因素。     

一种基于全三维数值计算的多级轴流压气机喘振边界预测方法

提出一种基于全三维数值计算的多级轴流压气机喘振边界预测方法。该方法采用了NUMECA和ANSYS/CFX两种不同的商业软件,在充分考虑压气机几何结构特征的基础上,根据压气机各级叶片排结构特点,建立了通用的压气机叶片排网格拓扑结构,并从各个方向对压气机叶片排网格节点进行控制来保证压气机叶片排各向网格节点一致。对不同负荷类型、不同结构型式的压气机特性进行了算例分析,并就流量、压比和效率等压气机特性参数进行对比研究。结果表明:该喘振边界预测方法对不同压气机具有较高的适用性,计算结果与试验结果也比较吻合。     

压气机近失速点的性能仿真及可转导叶的影响

压气机的不稳定边界包括失速边界和喘振边界,对压气机工作特性有着重大的影响,甚至会对其造成严重损害,所以研究清楚近失速点的流场有着重要的意义。本文以某2.5级跨音速轴流压气机为研究对象,运用CFX计算其在全工况七种转速下的特性线;重点研究近失速点的内部流场,对比近设计点与近堵塞点流场状态,探究多级轴流压气机的失速特性与失速机理。对可转导叶的角度进行调整,将叶片向着叶片前缘吸力面方向和相反方向旋转相同的角度,计算50%,80%,100%转速下的特性线,发现在中高转速下流量压比特性线向左下平移,效率压比特性线向左平移更为明显,说明将叶片向着叶片前缘吸力面方向旋转可以起到推迟失速发生的作用。     

基于扩压因子流型的压气机快速性能预测算法

为快速、准确地获得压气机性能参数、完成压气机性能预测,实现压气机优化设计,基于流线曲率法,将扩压因子作为控制方程、损失模型、熵增修正模型及落后角模型中的关键参数,建立轴流压气机性能快速预测算法。利用该算法对某跨音速轴流压气机性能参数进行计算,并将计算结果与主流商业软件计算结果及试验数据进行对比。通过对比发现：该算法计算效率高,能够快速且较为准确地完成压气机整体性能和沿叶高方向流场参数的预测;计算范围广,在不同转速、不同流量等非设计工况下算法预测结果均与试验及数值模拟数据接近;所选取与完善的经验公式合理可靠,能够较好地描述压气机内部流动。     

车用涡轮增压器喘振判断方法的研究

传统的涡轮增压器性能试验过程中压气机是否发生喘振是由试验人员依靠经验进行判断.通过搭建了涡轮增压器喘振试验台架,采用动态测量采集系统获得了喘振过程中的多处动态压力信号,采用滑动窗口法建立了压气机喘振的判断标准并对其中的有关参数做出了规定,将新的喘振判断方法和标准应用到压气机性能试验中.试验结果表明:采用新的喘振判断方法能够准确地判断喘振的发生,所获得的压气机临近喘振点流量比经验判断获得的临近喘振点流量波动范围明显减小.     

某重型燃气轮机17级轴流压气机特性预估计算研究

以某重型燃气轮机用17级轴流压气机为研究对象,建立了一种可用于多级轴流压气机特性预估的损失和落后角模型.运用流线曲率法计算得到了不同转速下的压气机特性变化曲线.并将其与全三维数值模拟结果进行了对比,验证了该模型在大流量多级轴流压气机特性预估方面的有效性.通过对设计点各级加工量、总压升分布以及各叶排落后角、效率沿径向分布的对比,验证了该模型在计算大流量多级轴流压气机设计点各级性能参数分布以及各叶排气动参数分布方面的可靠性.     

贫燃催化燃烧燃气轮机压气机的设计及其性能分析

分析了贫燃催化燃烧燃气轮机系统中压气机的结构特点,设计了低出口宽径比、高比转速的压气机叶轮,并采用数值计算和试验2种方法预测了其工作性能.结果表明:数值计算与试验结果基本吻合,该压气机在全工况下达到设计要求,且2种结果的高压比区域、高效率区域均远离喘振线;低宽径比、高比转速压气机的设计点在高效区;随着转速的提高,此压气机的压比特性曲线在小流量区增长的趋势明显;采用低宽径比、高比转速设计的负面作用是增大了叶尖相对马赫数.     

多级轴流压气机一维性能预测程序开发及应用

为了实现对轴流压气机气动性能的准确预测,基于平均流线法建立了多级轴流压气机一维气动性能预测方法,编制了相应的Matlab程序,该方法允许针对不同类型压气机选择适用的经验模型。通过计算得到了某四级亚音速轴流压气机和某八级高速轴流压气机的气动性能,对比分析发现,一维性能预测结果与实验/三维CFD模拟结果吻合较好,效率与压比计算偏差均保持在较小范围内,预测结果精度较高。为进一步提高压气机气动性能预测的准确性,发展了一种经验模型自动校准方法,采用该方法对选取的四级亚音速轴流压气机和八级高速轴流压气机模型进行校准,校准后对各转速下气动性能的预测精度均有所提高。研究工作表明,所建立的多级轴流压气机一维气动性能预测方法以及模型自动校准方法具有一定的准确性和可靠性。     

两区模型离心压气机性能预测方法研究

为获得有效的压气机性能预测方法,基于车用涡轮增压器压气机性能试验数据,重点研究了两区模型离心压气机性能预测及标定方法.研究结果表明:该预测方法仔细考虑了压气机内部扩散和损失过程,综合考虑逆压梯度黏性流动过程影响,标定方法简单实用,能方便地应用于工程设计;该性能预测方法也能有效预测涡轮增压器离心压气机流量特性及喘振、堵塞边界特性,能够反映出压气机的全工况性能;与试验结果相比,预测压比与试验压比差值小于3 %,预测绝热效率差值小于5 %,在高转速跨音速工况下预测喘振堵塞流量差值小于0.06.     

Numerical simulation of flow instabilities in high speed multistage compressors

INTRODUCTIONTheusefuloperatingrangeofturbomachinerycompressionsystemsislimitedbytheonsetoffluiddynamicinstabilities.Bothformsofinstabilities,rotatingstallandsurge,willdegradecompressionsystemperformanceanddurabilityll].naditionally,thisundesirablebeh...     

Dynamic simulations of post-stall performance in multistage axial compressors

In this contribution a quasi-one-dimensional tool for stationary and transient simulations of post-stall flows in multistage axial compressors is presented. An adapted version of the 1D Euler equations with additional source terms is discretized with a finite volume method and solved in time by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The equations are discretized at midspan both inside the blade rows and the non-bladed regions. The source terms express the blade-flow interactions and are estimated by calculating the velocity triangles for each blade row. Loss and deviation correlations are implemented and compared to experimental data in normal flow, stalled flow and reversed flow regions. Transient simulations are carried out and a parameter study is presented to analyze the shape of the surge cycles and the frequency of the surge oscillations. At last, a bleeding control strategy is implemented to study the recoverability of the instabilities in a compression system.     

Measurement and numerical simulation of a small centrifugal compressor characteristics at small or negative flow rate

For centrifugal compressors used in automotive turbochargers,the extension of the surge margin is demanded because of lower engine speed.In order to estimate the surge line exactly,it is required to acquire the compressor characteristics at small or negative flow rate.In this paper,measurement and numerical simulation of the characteristics at small or negative flow rate are carried out.In the measurement,an experimental facility with a valve immediately downstream of the compressor is used to suppress the surge.In the numerical work,a new boundary condition that specifies mass flow rate at the outlet boundary is used to simulate the characteristics around the zero flow rate region.Furthermore,flow field analyses at small or negative flow rate are performed with the numerical results.The separated and re-circulated flow fields are investigated by visualization to identify the origin of losses.     

Experimental Investigations of Micro Air Injection to Control Rotating Stall

Steady discrete micro air injection at the tip region in front of the first compressor rotor has been proved to be aneffective method to delay the inception of rotating stall in a low speed axial compressor.Considering the practicalapplication a new type of micro injector was designed and described in this paper,which was imbedded in thecasing and could be moved along the chord.In order to verify its feasibility to other cases,such as high subsonicaxial compressor or centrifugal compressor,some other cases have been studied.Experimental results of the samelow speed axial compressor showed that the new injector could possess many other advantages besides success-fully stabilizing the compressor.Experiments performed on a high subsonic axial compressor confirmed the ef-fectiveness of micro air injection when the relative velocity at the blade tip is high subsonic.Meanwhile in orderto explore its feasibility in centrifugal compressor,a similar micro injector was designed and tested on a lowspeed centrifugal compressor with vaned diffuser.The injected mass flow was a bit larger than that used in axialcompressors and the results showed micro injection could also delay the onset of rotating stall in the centrifugalcompressor.     

Numerical investigation of a high-subsonic axial-flow compressor rotor with non-axisymmetric hub endwall

The major source of loss in modem compressors is the secondary loss. Non-axisymmetric endwall profile contouring is now a well established design methodology in axial flow turbines. However, flow development in axial compressors is differ from turbines, the effects of non-axisymmetric endwall to axial compressors requires flow analysis in detail. This paper presents both experimental and numerical data to deal with the application of a non-axisymmetric hub endwall in a high-subsonic axial-flow compressor. The aims of the experiment here were to make sure the numerically obtained flow fields is the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement in efficiency, due to the non-axisymmetric hub endwall. The computational results were first compared with avail- able measured data of axisymmetric hub endwall. The results agreed well with the experimental data for estima- tion of the global performance. The coupled flow of the compressor rotor with non-axisymmetric hub endwall was simulated by a state-of-the-art multi-block flow solver. The non-axisymmetric hub endwall was designed for a subsonic compressor rotor with the help of sine and cosine functions. This type of non-axisymmetric hub end- wall was found to have a significant improvement in efficiency of 0.45% approximately and a slightly increase for the total pressure ratio. The fundamental mechanisms of non-axisymmetric hub endwall and their effects on the subsonic axial-flow compressor endwall flow field were analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the non-axisymmetric endwall profiling, though not optimum, can mitigate the secondary flow in the vicinity of the hub endwall, resulting in the improvement of aerodynamic performance of the compressor rotor.     

船用燃气轮机低压压气机气动布局规律研究

为缩短燃气轮机低压压气机的设计周期,获取一维设计中各关键设计参数分布规律,同时得到最优的一维设计参数选取方案,采用基于HARIKA算法的压气机一维设计与分析程序对某型船用低压压气机流量系数、载荷系数和反动度的轴向布局方法进行了研究并提炼了各参数分布的数学模型。其中,流量系数和载荷系数沿级分布为近似单峰值的三次多项式曲线,反动度分布为"二段式",通过改变流量系数和载荷系数的峰值点坐标和改变特定级反动度和反动度变化步长的方法,研究了不同布局方式对效率、喘振裕度以及压比的影响,最后结合优化算法得到了最优参数分布方案。结果发现:流量系数峰值位置在第6级,载荷系数在第5级或第6级时效率和喘振裕度性能较好;第四级反动度取值0.5～0.52时效率较高;相比载荷系数和反动度,流量系数对非设计工况性能影响更为显著,优化后的参数分布方案在各转速下喘振裕度均有所提高。     

Numerical simulation of rotating stall in a centrifugal compressor with vaned diffuser

This paper reports a numerical study on the process from normal operating conditions to rotating stall in a cen-trifugal compressor with vaned diffuser.The purpose is to better understand the flow characteristics near stallpoint under the interactions between centrifugal impeller and vaned diffuser.Numerical results show that undercertain conditions just preceding stall point the tip leakage vortex begins to fluctuate at roughly half of the bladepassing frequency.This phenomenon is similar to rotating instability in axial compressors.With the flow rate re-duced further the impeller stalls and five stall cells propagating at a frequency of 85 percent of impeller rotationspeed are found.     

轴流式压气机喘振特性的某些规律

综合了几型压气机的试验结果,总结出喘振边界的某些规律。利用这些规律不仅可以减少试验的次数。还可以计算出喘振边界上有关的参数。     

一维多级轴流压气机性能的解析优化

用一维理论对轴流压气机的初步设计作进一步的研究，导出了多级轴流压气机特性关系，建立了在给定轴向分速时最优化设计的数学模型，得到了解析关系，所得结论具有一定的普适性，对多级轴流压气机的初步设计有一定的指导作用。