水平翅片管外混合气体对流冷凝传热的理论研究

以Nusselt理论为基础,结合修正的膜理论,对含湿混合气体横掠水平翅片管外时的翅片表面对流冷凝传热机理进行研究。建议了分区处理方法,建立了翅片侧壁和光管上的液膜流动和传热模型。得到了管壁温度、烟气进口温度和雷诺数对总凝结液量的影响,以及翅片侧壁液膜的厚度分布。     

湿烟气在开孔翅片管外凝结换热数值模拟

为高效回收湿烟气全热并对烟气冷凝换热设备进行优化设计,以设计的紧凑式开孔翅片管换热器为对象,采用欧拉壁膜(EWF)模型与组分输运模型耦合研究低温烟气在翅片管换热器中的凝结换热规律。数值模拟得到的凝结速率及对流凝结换热系数与实验结果最大偏差分别为13.4%和10.9%。结果表明：对流凝结换热系数随入口水蒸气质量分数和烟气流速增大以及管壁温降低而增大,翅片开孔可以起到均压、破坏温度边界层、截断液膜、加快凝结液排出进而强化传热的作用,基于模拟拟合的关于改进雅各布数J的烟气对流凝结关联式与实验数据平均相对误差为13.1%,模拟关联式对于90%的实验结果预测误差在-20%～+20%以内。     

径向错列翅片管内凝结对流换热数值模拟分析

采用数值模拟方法,对径向错列翅片管内含不凝结气体水蒸气的凝结对流换热及阻力特性进行了综合分析。将编写的自定义函数(UDF)导入ANSYS FLUENT软件,对新型强化管传热性能和阻力性能进行了数值模拟,并根据管长方向壁面上蒸汽质量分数的变化情况,讨论分析了凝结过程中翅片管传热性能的变化规律。分析结果表明:与光管相比,内翅片管的强化传热效果随翅数增多、翅片换热接触面积增大而更加显著;另一方面,翅片管的流动阻力相应增大,对管路换热产生不良影响。在所研究翅型范围内16翅y=2x~2型翅片管综合强化换热效果更优;此外随着换热过程的持续,蒸汽凝结逐渐放缓;入口速度增大导致水蒸气凝结不充分,对换热效果的提升有一定制约。     

螺旋翅片管束传热和阻力特性的试验研究

对13个不同翅片间距、翅片高度、横向管间距、纵向管间距的螺旋翅片管束换热器在不同雷诺数条件下的传热和阻力特性进行了试验研究,得出了翅片间距、翅片高度、横向管间距、纵向管间距及雷诺数与换热特性Nu和阻力特性Eu的准则关系式,并对准则关系式进行了分析.结果表明:随着横向管间距和翅片间距的增大,螺旋翅片管的传热得到强化,但随着纵向管间距和翅片高度的增加,螺旋翅片管的传热有所减弱;随着横向管间距、纵向管间距和翅片间距的增大,螺旋翅片管的阻力减少,但随着翅片高度的增加,螺旋翅片管的阻力增加.     

波纹形内翅片管对流换热实验研究及其应用

通过实验的方法研究了一种新型波纹形内翅片换热管的对流换热和阻力特性,建立了所测Re范围内对流换热和阻力实验关联式,并且在相同质量流量、相同泵功率、相同阻力降的条件下比较了该翅片管与普通光管之间的传热效果.与类似的波纹管的换热效果进行了比较,结果表明,新型波纹形内翅片换热管具有较好的换热效果,特别是在较低Re条件下,效果更加明显.     

水平单管外混合气体对流冷凝换热的理论研究

采用修正的膜模型与Nusselt凝结理论结合的方法,对含湿混合气体自上而下横掠水平管外时的对流冷凝换热机理进行研究,建立了液膜流动和传热模型,进行数值求解并分析了雷诺数、壁面温度及水蒸汽浓度等因素对混合气体冷凝换热的影响。计算结果表明:水管外壁液膜厚度分布很大程度上受气体边界层对液膜剪切力的影响。而局部努谢尔数不同于纯蒸气的的冷凝换热,它受气相热阻的影响很大,其分布状况类似于单相气体管外的对流换热。     

三维双侧水平强化管R245fa凝结换热性能试验

由于制冷剂R11和R123对臭氧层有破坏作用,为完成环保新工质R245fa对R11和R123的替代工作,对R245fa在内螺纹外斜翅片的三维双侧强化管外的凝结换热性能进行试验。数据处理过程中,采用Wilson图解法获得管内水侧对流换热系数及其计算关联式,再利用热阻分离法获得管外凝结换热系数。研究表明:试验中管内对流换热系数高于管外冷凝换热系数,所以管外侧的传热热阻是占据主导地位的传热热阻;相对于光管,R245fa在三维双侧强化管管内换热强化换热倍率为3.58,管外强化换热倍率为2.48;对实验数据进行拟合,得到管外换热系数的变化规律和凝结换热关联式。     

高频焊接与激光焊接翅片管传热性能对比试验

对高频焊接与激光焊接翅片管的传热性能进行对比试验,得到了两个试件在不同管外空气流速下的传热数据,运用直接分离法将管外空气侧对流换热系数从总的传热系数中分离,获取管外空气侧换热系数,再通过拟合方法获得管外空气侧换热关联式。研究表明:激光焊接翅片管的传热性能优于高频焊接翅片管,当空气流速为3m/s时,激光焊接翅片管的管外空气换热系数比同翅片尺寸的高频焊接翅片管的管外换热系数约高9%。     

翅片管冷凝器的实验研究

在风洞实验台上，对椭圆矩形翅片管束和圆管圆形翅片管束进行了对比性实验，归纳出了换热与阻力的无因次经验公式，对于管内蒸汽冷凝、管外空气横掠管束的工况，椭圆矩形翅片管具有较优的换热与阻力性能。最后，讨论了一些有关椭圆矩形翅片管冷凝器的优化问题     

偏心分形翅片管相变储热单元性能强化模拟北大核心CSCD

为了探索偏心分形翅片管对相变储热单元性能强化的作用机理,对偏心分形翅片管相变储热单元中石蜡的熔化展开了二维非稳态模拟研究。在考虑自然对流的情况下对比研究了偏心矩形翅片和偏心分形翅片两种储热单元的传热特性。并对偏心分形翅片结构进行了局部强化,选择矩形翅片、Y型翅片和分型翅片3种方案。结果表明,偏心分形翅片结构对自然对流的促进高于偏心矩形翅片结构且整体温度分布更均匀,这与分型翅片可以促进热量由点到面的扩散相符。在3种局部强化方案中,偏心分形翅片强化效果最佳,且整个过程的熔化速率都有提高,使熔化时间缩短了70%。这对管壳式相变蓄热器的性能提升提供了很好的理论指导,进一步扩展了其在储能领域的应用前景。     

Condensation enhancement on a vertical plate (1st report,heat transfer characteristic on a dispersed finned surface)

In this study, a condensation heat transfer experiment on vertical continuous and dispersed finned surfaces using FC5312 was carried out. Experimental parameters were the pitch and height of the fin, and the dispersed fin length. In the results, the phenomena of condensate retention were observed in the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. The condensate flow from the upper row was concentrated into the valley of the fin and then flowed down into the valley of the next fin. Moreover, it was found from the experiment that the heat transfer coefficient on the dispersed finned surface was lower than the one on the continuous finned surface as the fin pitch was smaller, but was larger than that of the continued finned surface for a larger fin pitch. Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancing effect became more significant for the higher fin with the larger fin pitch, and the heat transfer reducing effect became more significant for the lower fin with the smaller fin pitch. These special characteristics of condensation mentioned above were caused by the phenomena of condensate retention in each row of the fin and the flow pattern of the condensate between two adjacent fins on the dispersed finned surface based on experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20221     

Enhancement of condensation on a vertical plate (2nd report,prediction of condensation on a dispersed finned surface)

In this study, a prediction model for condensation heat transfer on a vertical dispersed finned surface was proposed, utilizing the Adamek‐Webb model for condensation heat transfer outside a horizontal finned tube. The prediction model was based on two main experimental observation results. One is the phenomena of the condensate retention at the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. Another is the offset phenomena of the condensate flow between each row of the dispersed fin. Given the results by the present model, it is predicted that the dependence of the condensation heat transfer coefficient for the dispersed finned surface on the fin pitch is controlled mainly by the dispersed fin length, not the total fin length. On the contrary, for a different fin pitch, the effect to the condensation heat transfer by dispersing the fin is different. From comparison with the experiment results, it is confirmed that the present model was able to predict the condensation with extremely good precision when the fin pitch was larger. Further, when the fin pitch was smaller, the predicted values were higher than the experimental values, but the tendency of the condensation heat transfer with dispersing the fin was nearly predicted. In addition, this condensing model can predict the experimental values with an error of 25% at the maximum in a range of fin pitch 0.6 mm to 1 mm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20288     

Effect of interphase matter transfer on condensation on low-finned tubes--a theoretical investigation

The paper gives theoretical results for condensation on low-finned tube in which the temperature drop at the liquid-vapour interface due to interphase matter transfer (interface resistance) is included. The condensation coefficient is taken as unity. Results show, for the case of steam, that in the regions of the fin surface where the condensate film is very thin, the local heat flux can be reduced by a factor of around 2 when the interface resistance is included. Theoretical results for the top of the tube show a significant drop in average vapour-to-surface heat-transfer coefficient with decrease in vapour pressure (around half associated with interface resistance and half due to fluid property variation) in line with earlier measurements.     

Peripheral fins for blockage robustness

A peripheral finned-tube, cross-flow heat exchanger (evaporator) is briefly introduced that allows for uninterrupted and effective air flow in the presence of condensate or frost. The peripheral fins are connected to tubes with radial fins and the surface areas of both radial and peripheral fins allow for surface-convection heat transfer. The peripheral fins have a staggered arrangement to allow for alternate air flow paths in the presence of a blockage. Optimized fin structure is sought using one-dimensional fin models. The peripheral fins allow for significant surface-convection by using the stagnation–flow regions as well as the boundary–layer break ups. The CFD results show that the peripheral fins mitigate the pressure drop penalty due to blockages and in this regard present an advantage over the conventional fins. CFD results show that fin pitch can be optimized. The anisotropy of the peripheral fin structure may also allow for easy drainage of the condensate along the tubes when tubes are along gravity.     

Characteristics of condensate drop movement with application of bulk surface temperature gradient in Marangoni dropwise condensation

The characteristics of the spontaneous movement of condensate drops when a bulk temperature gradient is applied to a horizontal condensing surface in Marangoni dropwise condensation of a water?ethanol vapor mixture were experimentally investigated over a wide range of bulk temperature gradients and for various mass fractions. Drops were observed to move from the low-temperature side to the high-temperature side of the heat transfer surface. When the initial drop distance was adopted as a parameter for the Marangoni force acting on the condensate drop together with the surface tension gradient corresponding to the surface temperature of the condensing surface, the drop velocity was highly correlated with both the surface tension gradient and the initial drop distance over a wide range of parameters. At relatively large initial drop distances, the condensate drop velocity increases as the initial drop distance is reduced and it subsequently decreases after the velocity reaches its maximum value under an almost constant bulk surface tension gradient. The drop velocity increases linearly with increasing bulk surface tension gradient for a constant initial drop distance.     

Annular supersonic swirling flows with heterogeneous condensation

In recent years, separating and extracting technologies of condensate gas have been developed by combining a swirl flow with non-equilibrium condensation phenomena of condensate gas generated in a supersonic flow. The technology can reduce the size of the device and does not use chemicals. However, there are many unresolved problems for performance of the separation, extraction and operating principle. Therefore it is necessary to research further in order to improve the performance of the equipment. In the present study, the numerical study was carried out to clarify the effect of the heterogeneous condensation on the characteristics of the swirling flow field in a supersonic annular nozzle, and the differences between homogeneous condensation and heterogeneous condensation in the flow field. As the results, it is found that the condensation flow with a swirl affects the position of sonic line, the generating position of condensate and the radial distribution ratio of liquid phase.     

Condensation of R-113 on Pin-Fin Tubes: Effect of Circumferential Pin Thickness and Spacing

New experimental data are reported for condensation of R-113 at near atmospheric pressure and low velocity on five three-dimensional pin-fin tubes. The only geometric parameters varied were circumferential spacing and thickness, since these have been shown to have a strong effect on condensate retention on pin-fin tubes. Heat transfer enhancement was found to be strongly dependent on the active-area enhancement, i.e., on the parts of the tube and pin surface not covered by condensate retained by surface tension. For all the tubes, vapor-side heat transfer enhancements were found to be approximately 2.5 times the corresponding active-area enhancements, and this finding was in line with earlier data for R-113. An increase in the vapor-side heat transfer enhancement is noticed with the decreasing values of pin spacing. The best performing pin-fin tube gave a heat transfer enhancement about 14% higher than the “equivalent” two-dimensional integral-fin tube (i.e., with the same fin root diameter, longitudinal fin spacing, and thickness and fin height).     

Fin Heat Transfer Modeling and Its Impact on Predictions of Efficiency and Condensation in Gas-Fired Boilers

In conventional and high-efficiency boilers it is important to understand where water from the products of combustion may condense onto the heat exchanger surface. The usual fin modeling approach is inadequate because it predicts no circumferential preference for condensation, whereas spatial effects have been observed. Two alternative approaches for modeling fin heat transfer are explored: one method is based on a generalization of observed trends in local convective heat transfer coefficients, and the other on a semiempirically motivated variation in convective flow temperature. Temperature distribution and fin efficiency predictions are compared to the conventional fin modeling approach. The alternative fin heat transfer models described in this study both predict more extensive condensation on the portion of the fin within the wake of the tube. Furthermore, both models predict fin efficiencies below those obtained using an assumption of constant heat transfer coefficient and convective temperature.     

Analysis of film condensation heat transfer inside a vertical micro tube with consideration of the meniscus draining effect

In this paper we report on a theoretical analysis of film condensation heat transfer in a vertical micro tube with a thin metal wire welded on its inner surface. Both the radial and the axial distributions of condensate liquid along the tube wall and over the meniscus zone, formed by the wire in contact with the tube inner surface, are determined based on the minimum energy principle over the liquid-vapor two-phase flow system. The influences of the contact angle between the condensate liquid and the channel wall as well as the wire diameter on the condensate distributions and the heat transfer characteristics are examined. It is found that an increase in the wire diameter results in significant enhancement of heat transfer in the channel. It is also demonstrated that the wettability between the wire and the condensate has a little influence on the overall heat transfer coefficients, although it affects the condensate liquid distribution. Compared to a round tube with the same inside diameter, significant enhancement of condensation heat transfer is found for the present configured microchannel.     

Performance of the herringbone wavy fin under dehumidifying conditions

An experimental study reporting the airside performance of the herringbone wavy fin geometry in wet conditions is conducted. In the visualization of the condensate flow pattern, a very special “locally dry” spot of the corrugation wavy channel having a corrugation angle of 15° and a fin spacing of 8.4 mm is seen. This phenomenon is related to the recirculation of the airflow across the apex. Conversely, this phenomenon is not so clearly seen either for a fin pitch of 2.6 mm with a corrugation angle of 15° or a corrugation angle of 25°. Flow visualization of the non-uniform distribution of the condensation in the facets results in a dependence between axial length and friction factor. Based on the present test results, airside performance in terms of Nusselt number and Fanning friction factor for the present herringbone wavy fin geometry in wet conditions are developed. The mean deviations of the proposed correlations are 2.52% and 4.81%, respectively.