低热值燃料对微型燃气轮机运行特性的影响

生物质气具有热值低、可燃成分不同的特点,这种特点导致生物质气在微型燃气轮机上的应用存在问题.为天然气设计的微型燃气轮机应用低热值燃料时,会导致工质流量和热力学特性的变化,从而导致燃气轮机运行特性的变化.为将这种低热值燃料应用于微型燃气轮机,提出了几种对微型燃气轮机进行调整和改进的方法,使微型燃气轮机能适应这种低热值的燃料.应用数学模型,计算出了在应用这些方法后对微型燃气轮机运行特性的影响.结果表明,应用低热值燃料后微型燃气轮机的运行特性会发生明显的改变,在调节和改进方法中对压气机和透平进行改进以适应新的流量匹配是最适合的方法.除匹配外,还提出了一些应用低热值燃料有待解决的问题.     

AE94.2燃气轮机在上庄电厂的灵活性运行研究

结合实际需求,针对国内首台AE94.2燃气轮机在上庄电厂首次运行,开展了一系列燃气轮机本地化调试和灵活性运行优化等方面工作,包括启动优化、性能优化和运行范围扩展等。通过调试和优化降低了机组扭振,缩短了清吹时间,提升了机组出力,进一步提高了燃气轮机运行灵活性。研究成果对于机组的安全运行和性能提升,以及提高经济效益都具有重要意义。     

提高油田燃气轮机热电联产系统运行效率的研究

对某燃气轮机热电联产系统进行了运行特性和热力学分析，找出了某运行效率低的主要原因，并据此提出了一些改进建议。在借鉴已有成果的基础上，完善了燃气轮机热电联产系统的热力学分析方法，为全面分析燃气轮机热电联产系统的用能特性提供了依据。     

PG9171E型燃气轮机系统设计的一些改进

提出PG9171E型重型燃气轮机在运行过程中出现的一些故障现象，对系统设计缺陷引起的故障进行了分析，并提出有效的改造措施，保证了燃气轮机长期安全和稳定运行。     

浅论燃气轮机烧重油

燃气轮机以重油作为燃料 ,可有效地降低运行成本 ,因此颇受重视。本文简要说明了燃气轮机燃用重油技术的成熟性 ,并对我国目前燃用重油燃气轮机的情况进行了统计。文章分析了燃气轮机烧重油在燃烧、结垢、腐蚀等方面所产生问题的原因及后果 ,并针对这些问题提出了在燃油处理、燃烧系统、燃油系统和机组运行维护等方面所应采取的对策。     

确定运行中的燃气轮机初温的方法探讨

受多方面因素的制约,目前还很难直接测量燃气轮机的运行初温,在许多情况下需采用理论方法确定。本文依据热力学和燃烧学基本原理,结合燃气轮机设备和系统的一些具体情况,提出了四种较切合工程实际的确定运行中燃气轮机初温的方法,并对每一种方法的使用作了分析。     

PG9171E 燃机改用双燃料系统的探讨

本文介绍了PG9171E燃气轮机机组成功地由重油改为天然气及双燃料运行的技术方案和经验,为国内其他燃气轮机电厂"油改气"技术改造项目提供了一些借鉴和指导。     

几种灵活热电比燃气轮机联供系统

灵活热电比燃气轮机联供系统可有效解决由于春秋季节冷热负荷相对较小,燃气轮机需降负荷运行而带来的燃气轮机运行时间短、系统运行费用高、经济性差等一系列问题。本文总结了多种基于燃气轮机的、可灵活调控系统热电比的联供系统,并简要阐述了其各自的适应性。     

一种重型燃气轮机建模及其参数估计的方法

为研究燃气轮机系统动态特性,基于Rowen模型建立了燃气轮机及其控制系统的数学模型,利用燃气轮机现场运行数据,运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒原理以及热力学和传热学等基本公式,推算和估计模型的相关参数.以GE MS6001FA型燃气轮机为研究对象,给出燃气轮机建模及参数估计的具体方法和过程。结果表明:该模型能够正确反映燃气轮机的动态特性,符合机组运行规律,具有很好的研究和参考价值.     

燃机电厂天然气调压站配置探讨

天然气用于燃气轮机发电在我国越来越多,但燃气轮机对天然气的压力、温度等都有一定的要求。天然气调压站是天然气的主要处理系统,直接影响到燃气轮机的安全稳定运行。根据已投产燃气轮机的运行经验,对天然气调压站的系统设备配置作了分析探讨,对设备提出了经济合理地配置的建议。     

Blockage effects in wind farms

An experimental study of wind farm blockage has been performed to quantify the velocity decrease that the first row of a wind farm experiences due to the presence of the other turbines downstream. The general perception has been that turbines downstream of the first row are only influenced by the wakes from upstream turbines without any upstream effect. In the present study, an attempt is made to demonstrate the existence of a two‐way coupling between individual turbines and turbines in the wind farm. Several staggered layouts were tested in the wind tunnel experiments by changing the spacing between rows, spacing between turbines in the rows, and the amount of wind turbines involved. The experiments focused on turbines located in the center of the first row as well as the two turbines located in the row edges, usually believed to experience a speedup. The present results show that no speedup is present and that all the turbines in the first row are subjected to a reduced wind speed. This phenomenon has been considered to be due to “global blockage.” An empirical correlation formula between spacing, number of rows, and velocity decrease is proposed to quantify such effect for the center turbine as well as for the turbines at the edges.     

重型燃机烧原油或渣油的技术分析

本文分析讨论重型燃机燃用原油、渣油等劣质燃料的适应能力,劣质燃料中的有害元素对燃机的危害机理,以及烧原油、渣油的燃机应采取的特殊措施。     

A Metric Space with LCOE Isolines for Research Guidance in wind and hydrokinetic energy systems

This paper introduces a new Metric Space to guide the design of advanced wind energy systems and hydrokinetic energy converters such as tidal, ocean current and riverine turbines. The Metric Space can analyse farms that combine different or identical turbines and stand‐alone turbines. The first metric (M1) of the space considers the efficiency of the turbines in the farm, which is also proportional to the specific power per swept area at a given wind/water velocity (W/m²). The second metric (M2) describes the specific rotor area per unit of mass of the turbines (m²/kg). Both metrics depend on the primary design characteristics of the turbines, such as swept area, system size and mass, materials and efficiency, and are independent at first from external characteristics, such as atmospheric and ocean site conditions, cost of materials and economic factors. Combining both metrics, and for a given set of external characteristics, the resulting Metric Space M2/M1 displays the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) standards as isolines. This graphical representation provides a quick understanding of the cost and state of the technology. It also offers a practical guidance to choose the research tasks and strategy to design advanced wind and hydrokinetic energy systems. The paper applies the new Metric Space to several case studies, including large and small onshore wind turbines, floating and bottom‐fixed offshore wind turbines, downwind rotors, multi‐rotor and hybrid systems, airborne wind energy systems, wind farms and tidal energy converters.     

燃驱压缩机组_泵组技术和应用的现状及展望

分析了燃气轮机在GPU(天然气泵送装置)中的应用情况,指出燃气轮机是实现长距离输气和输油技术应用的关键设备.围绕燃气轮机在GPU装置中的应用,对在我国开发并应用燃气轮机,建立本国的燃气轮机工业提出一些设想和建议,指出开发工业/船用燃气轮机应紧紧围绕我国的需求,并遵循高起点、一机多用、一机广用的原则,仔细精心地选好开发应...     

Roof mounting site analysis for micro-wind turbines

Building-integrated micro-wind turbines are promising low-cost renewable energy devices. However, the take-up of micro-wind turbines in high density suburban environments is still very limited due to issues such as: a) low wind speeds; b) high turbulence intensity; and c) the perception of potentially high levels of aerodynamic noise generated by the turbines. The wind flow field above the roof of buildings in this environment is different to that over flat terrain or around isolated buildings. The effect of the local suburban topology on the wind speed and turbulence intensity fields in a given locality is therefore an important determinant of the optimal location of micro-wind turbines. This paper presents a numerical study of above roof wind flow characteristics in three suburban landscapes characterized by houses with different roof profiles, namely: pitched roofs, pyramidal roofs and flat roofs. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) technique has been used to simulate the wind flow in such environments and to find the optimum turbine mounting locations. Results show how the wind flow characteristics are strongly dependent on the profile of the roofs. It is found that turbines mounted on flat roofs are likely to yield higher and more consistent power for the same turbine hub elevation than the other roof profiles.     

Fault ride-through capability of DFIG wind turbines

This paper concentrates on the fault ride-through capability of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. The main attention in the paper is, therefore, drawn to the control of the DFIG wind turbine and of its power converter and to the ability to protect itself without disconnection during grid faults. The paper provides also an overview on the interaction between variable-speed DFIG wind turbines and the power system subjected to disturbances, such as short circuit faults. The dynamic model of DFIG wind turbine includes models for both mechanical components as well as for all electrical components, controllers and for the protection device of DFIG necessary during grid faults. The viewpoint of the paper is to carry out different simulations to provide insight and understanding of the grid fault impact on both DFIG wind turbines and on the power system itself. The dynamic behaviour of DFIG wind turbines during grid faults is simulated and assessed by using a transmission power system generic model developed and delivered by the Danish Transmission System Operator Energinet.dk in the power system simulation toolbox PowerFactory DIgSILENT. The data for the wind turbines are not linked to a specific manufacturer, but are representative for the turbine and generator type used in variable-speed DFIG wind turbines with pitch control.     

Benefits of collocating vertical‐axis and horizontal‐axis wind turbines in large wind farms

In this study, we address the benefits of a vertically staggered (VS) wind farm, in which vertical‐axis and horizontal‐axis wind turbines are collocated in a large wind farm. The case study consists of 20 small vertical‐axis turbines added around each large horizontal‐axis turbine. Large‐eddy simulation is used to compare power extraction and flow properties of the VS wind farm versus a traditional wind farm with only large turbines. The VS wind farm produces up to 32% more power than the traditional one, and the power extracted by the large turbines alone is increased by 10%, caused by faster wake recovery from enhanced turbulence due to the presence of the small turbines. A theoretical analysis based on a top‐down model is performed and compared with the large‐eddy simulation. The analysis suggests a nonlinear increase of total power extraction with increase of the loading of smaller turbines, with weak sensitivity to various parameters, such as size, and type aspect ratio, and thrust coefficient of the vertical‐axis turbines. We conclude that vertical staggering can be an effective way to increase energy production in existing wind farms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An up to date review of continuously variable speed wind turbines with mechatronic variable transmissions

As a promising and potential alternative to conventional fixed or variable speed wind turbines, continuously variable speed wind turbines (CVSWTs) with variable transmissions offer improved power efficiency and enhanced power control capabilities. The CVSWTs can be generally achieved by adapting mechatronic variable transmissions in the turbine drive train for continuously variable speed operations for wind turbines. Therefore, this paper serves to provide an up to date and exhaustive review of the CVSWTs with mechatronic variable transmissions such as mechanical variable transmission, electrical variable transmission, and power splitting transmission. In this paper, the analysis of CVSWTs with different mechatronic transmission topologies is performed regarding basic configurations, dynamic characteristics, control principles, and experimental or simulation results. Review results indicate the feasibility of applying CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions and highlight superiorities of the CVSWTs with power splitting transmission. The CVSWT with power splitting transmission will be particularly suitable for megawatt‐scale turbine systems and will hence increase the economic competitiveness of these turbines due to its large power capacity and high reliability. The directions or challenges for future investigations of CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions are also presented to foster in‐depth understanding of such CVSWTs and their control strategies.     

Economic prospects for the application of new electric energy storage devices

The technical and economic properties of new storage devices for electric energy such as batteries, hydrogen storage systems, flywheels, steam storage plants and compressed air storage facilities are compared with conventional peak power plants such as gas turbines and hydroelectric storage systems. The analysis shows that batteries, steam storage plants and compressed air storage facilities may be economically competitive with conventional peak power devices. Batteries are especially appropriate for dispersed energy storage systems.Utilization of storage devices instead of gas turbines results in substitution of oil or natural gas by coal or nuclear fuel.     

特种风力发电机组塔筒防腐方案研究

高原和海洋的风能资源丰富,更能发挥大容量风力发电机组的优势,利用前景广阔。但高原和海上的自然环境恶劣,对风机承载部件——塔筒的防腐要求更为严格。针对在高原和海上运行的特种风机,分析了塔筒的腐蚀环境,研究了塔筒的防腐原理,提出了塔筒的具体防腐措施和防腐方案,为特种风机塔筒的防腐提供了参考。