Al2O3/TiC纳米陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能及断裂机理研究

用强度衰减法对Al2O3/TiC纳米陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能进行了详细的研究.热震实验表明该种材料的临界热震温差为340℃.当温差达到350℃时,强度有明显的下降.与微米级的材料相比,纳米材料的抗热震性能反而有所降低.通过对热震后试样表面的显微观察和表面热应力的估算发现,材料在烧结后冷却过程和热震过程中产生的热应力导致试样表面产生裂纹,从而导致了材料强度的下降.     

Reactive sintering of Ti-Al and Ti-Al-Nb consolidated elemental blocks for use as consumable electrodes in vacuum arc melting

Explored was the feasibility of fabricating consolidated elemental blocks (CEBs) Ti-36Al and Ti-29Al-18Nb (wt %) via reactive sintering for their use as consumable electrodes in vacuum arc melting (VAM). For obtaining strong blocks in the Ti-Al system, thermal treatment of green mixture must be performed at a temperature not less that 700°C, which is then followed by sintering at 1100°C. In Nb-containing mixtures, the exothermic effect is less pronounced, so that thermal treatment must be carried out at 1300°C. The presence of free Al is a prerequisite for reactive sintering. It has been established experimentally that the Al content of green mixture must be above 10 wt %.      

Electrical Conductivity of Metal Powders under Shock Compression

The electrical conductivity of a series of metal powders under shock compression is measured by an electrocontact technique. Initially, the metal particles are covered by an oxide film, and the powder is non-conducting. Under shock compression, the powder acquires macroscopic conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the shock-compressed powder depends substantially on the metal, porosity, particle size, and shock-wave pressure. The macroscopic electrical conductivity behind the shock-wave front is uniform within the experimental error. The dependences for fine and coarse aluminum powders on the shock-wave pressure are found. It is demonstrated that these dependences are nonmonotonic. For high shock-wave pressures, the electrical conductivity of the substance decreases. This behavior is assumed to be related to strong temperature heating of the substance under shock compression. Estimates of temperature show that shock compression can induce melting and partial vaporization of the metal. The same is evidenced by the behavior of electrical conductivity whose value for fine particles is close to the electrical conductivity of the melt. The electrical conductivity of the coarse powder is heterogeneous because of the strong thermal nonequilibrium of the particle during shock compression. An analysis of results for different metals shows that the basic parameter responsible for electrical conductivity of the shock-compressed powder is the dimensionless density. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 128–139, September–October, 2005.     

Thermal Shock Behavior of Isotropic and Anisotropic Porous Silicon Nitride

The thermal shock behavior of isotropic and anisotropic porous Si₃N₄ was evaluated using the water-quenching technique. The critical temperature difference for crack initiation was found to be strongly dependent on the ratio of fracture strength to elastic modulus. Because of a very high strain-to-failure, anisotropic porous Si₃N₄ showed no macroscopic cracks and was able to retain its strength even at a quenching-temperature difference of ∼1400°C.     

Effects of shot peening on microstructure,thermal performance,and failure mechanism of thermal barrier coatings

Shot peening might be a potential technology to optimize the interface microstructure, plays a critical role on failure behaviors, of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). It remains a significant challenge to understand the influence of shot peening on microstructure, oxidation resistance, and thermal shock life. In this work, the Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ TBCs have been deposited by EB-PVD. The phase, microstructure, thermal performance, and failure mechanism of TBCs have been systemically investigated after shot peening. The shot peening process can improve the planeness of interface and reduce the formation of the cauliflower-liked microstructure in TBCs. After shot peening, the TBC coatings exhibit relatively good isothermal oxidation resistance and high thermal shock life due to the optimization of TGO growth and the thermal stability. The phase transformation, TGO growth, and cracks extension might give rise to the failure of TBCs. This work might guide the investigation of the improvement of interface microstructure and failure behaviors.     

再生镁钙砖抗热震性能的研究

以AOD炉用后镁钙砖为原料,配以电熔镁砂合成再生镁钙砖.对其抗热震性能进行测试,并测试了热震前后样品的常温抗折强度,然后对比热震前后样品的微观形貌,从而对再生镁钙砖的抗热震性能进行综合评判.结果表明:MgO质量分数为75％的再生镁钙砖热震后外部形貌较热震前无明显变化,热震20次后,其常温抗折强度为35.80 MPa,依旧保持较好的常温力学性能,但是随着热震次数的增加,样品的常温抗折强度逐渐减小,抗折强度损失率逐渐增大,抗热震性系数逐渐减小,且均呈线性变化,主要是因为样品内部由于热应力产生裂纹,并且裂纹逐渐延展扩大所致.     

钛合金搪瓷涂层的制备与性能研究

在钛合金表面制备搪瓷涂层,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,搪瓷涂层具有较好的抗高温氧化性及抗热震性,能有效提高钛合金的抗腐蚀能力,使其在700°C熔融盐(Na2SO4+NaCl)浸没100h而免遭腐蚀。     

磨加超精细非晶体二氧化硅提高工业搪瓷耐热急变性能研究

研究设计的瓷釉中引入了超精细非晶体二氧化硅,制备出具有优良耐热急变性能的工业搪瓷。通过试验可知,在磨加超精细非晶体二氧化硅后瓷釉的耐热急变性得到明显提高,同时其耐酸性能不受影响。通过电子显微镜观察瓷层表面,随着磨加量的增加,非晶体二氧化硅会出现积聚,从而不利于进一步提高瓷釉的热急变性能。     

Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of Cr2O3 Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Supersonic Atmosphere Plasma Spraying

为了研制一种新型连铸结晶器材料,采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂技术在纯铜基体上制备了 Cr2O3陶瓷涂层。使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、图形软件、彩色 3D 激光显微镜和显微硬度计对涂层进行了表征及分析,分别在 450 ℃和 600 ℃对涂层进行了热震试验。结果表明,涂层继承了起始粉末的物相,但是 Cr2O3的结晶度有所差异;陶瓷涂层表面为良好熔化区和部分熔融颗粒组成的双态组织,涂层断口形貌为典型的片层状组织,涂层截面可见均匀分布的富铬带。涂层孔隙率为 1.2%,表面粗糙度为 4.763 μm,Vickers 显微硬度为 1 628 MPa。试样在 450 ℃和 600 ℃分别经历了均值为 127.4 和 58.6 次热震循环后,其半球顶端出现大面积剥落,但圆柱主体部分完好,表明 Cr2O3陶瓷涂层具备良好的抗热疲劳性能,超音速等离子喷涂适合于结晶器铜板表面涂层的制备。     

钕铁硼粉末热压成型工艺与组织研究

利用PW1700型x射线衍射仪和QUANTA400型扫描电子显微镜研究了钕铁硼粉末热压成型中的工艺影响因素,在ZKRY-90型真空热压炉中进行热压成型。结果表明,粉末热压成型工艺主要受温度影响,压力次之。制样后对组织和取向进行了分析,发现测得的NdFeB磁体颗粒取向趋于一致,并以(006)取向为主要取向。     

结合方式对碳化硅浇注料氮化后抗热震性和显微结构的影响

研究了铝酸钙水泥(CAC)+二氧化硅微粉(MS)结合、水硬性氧化铝(HA)+二氧化硅微粉(MS)结合、二氧化硅溶胶结合的3种结合方式对氮化处理后碳化硅浇注料抗热震性和显微结构的影响。结果显示:3种结合方式制备的试样经600、800和1 100℃水冷1次热震后的残余抗折强度和强度保持率都随着温度的升高而降低,但在1 100℃热震后,3种结合方式的试样的残余抗折强度相当,二氧化硅溶胶结合的浇注料具有较好的抗热震性。分析表明,本试验的3种结合体系中,无水泥结合方式的试样中原位生成的SiAlON具有更大的长径比,特别是纤维状的SiAlON,对高温下结构的保持和抗热震性的提高更为有利。     

凝胶注模堇青石-莫来石复相材料的制备及其抗热震性能

采用凝胶注模方法制备堇青石-莫来石复相材料,研究了聚乙烯醇对浆料稳定性、固化时间和表面氧阻聚的影响,分析了堇青石-莫来石复相材料的抗热震性能。结果表明,聚乙烯醇可提高粗颗粒悬浮体系的稳定性,增大浆料黏度,延长固化时间。聚乙烯醇还可以起到消除表面起皮、开裂的作用。通过控制浆料固相含量调节堇青石-莫来石复相材料的气孔分布,从而影响其热震稳定性。当浆料中堇青石-莫来石固相体积分数为41%～44%时,堇青石-莫来石复相材料的热震稳定性最好。     

Mg-xLi-3Al-2Zn-0.7Re合金的显微组织及力学性能

采用氩气保护、真空熔炼的方法制备了Mg-xLi-3Al-2Zn-0.7Re(x=8~14,wt%)镁锂合金。研究了合金的显微组织及力学性能,结果表明:当锂的含量为12(wt)%时,合金在室温时具有较好的强度和变形能力,具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

Mn3O4微观结构对固相合成类单晶锰酸锂的影响

探究了Mn₃O₄的微观结构对高温固相法制备类单晶锰酸锂(LiMn₂O₄)的影响。结果表明,前驱体对LiMn₂O₄的结构和形貌有决定性的影响。粒度小、比表面积大的类球形Mn₃O₄更易制得类单晶锰酸锂,其颗粒团聚致密、表面光滑,且晶胞参数小、能量密度大、Li⁺浓度高。类单晶锰酸锂的综合电化学性能和热稳定性远高于非类单晶材料,在0.2 C倍率下首次放电比容量和库仑效率分别高达112.50 mA·h/g、96.5%,8 C倍率下放电比容量仍有102.11 mA·h/g,200次循环后容量保持率为90.1%。类单晶锰酸锂优异的性能归因于其具有稳定的晶体结构和外露表面、较高的Li⁺浓度,在电化学反应中结构稳定、锂离子迁移速率快、电极极化和电荷转移阻抗小。     

窑具材料显微结构与热震稳定性相关性研究

本文分析了影响窑具材料热震稳定性的重要参数,找出显微结构与这些因素的内在联系,表明通过调整显微结构可获得良好的材料性能。     

铝粉含量对梯铝炸药爆压和冲击波参数的影响

测试了以TNT为基不同含量含铝炸药的爆压和空中爆炸冲击波参数,通过分析铝粉对炸药爆压、空中爆炸参数和爆炸冲击波超压的影响,建立了爆压与铝氧比的关系曲线、5种TNT基含铝炸药的冲击波相似律方程和TNT/Al炸药的爆压与空中爆炸冲击波超压的关系式.结果表明,随着铝粉含量的增加,炸药的爆压呈指数衰减,近距离的冲击波超压也快速减小,但爆炸场温度和爆炸火球的直径及持续时间会增大.     

MgO-ZrO_2复合材料的烧结和热震稳定性

以烧结镁砂和单斜氧化锆粉为原料,进行了Mg O-Zr O2复合材料的制备。通过XRD和SEM-EDS分析及显气孔率、体积密度、常温抗折强度、线膨胀系数和1100℃~室温水冷热震稳定性的测试,探讨了Zr O2的用量对Mg O-Zr O2复合材料的烧结和热震稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着Zr O2用量的增加,复合材料试样的致密度和常温抗折强度呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,复合材料试样的热膨胀系数逐步减小,复合材料试样的热震稳定性呈现出先变好后变差的趋势;当Zr O2用量为30%时,Mg O-Zr O2复合材料试样的烧结性能和热震稳定性最好。     

Chemical Preparation and Shock Wave Compression of Carbon Nitride Precursors

Two synthetic routes have been developed to produce high-molecular-weight organic precursors containing a high weight fraction of nitrogen. One of the precursors is a pyrolysis residue of melamine-formaldehyde resin. The second precursor is the byproduct of an unusual low-temperature combustion reaction of tetrazole and its sodium salt. These precursors have been shock compressed under typical conditions for diamond and wurtzite boron nitride synthesis in an attempt to recover a new ultrahard carbon nitride. The recovered material has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman microprobe analysis. Diamond is present in the recovered material. This diamond is extraordinarily well ordered relative to diamond shock synthesized from carbonaceous starting materials.     

CZP陶瓷的烧结特性与抗热冲击性能

采用固相合成法制备CaZr4（PO4）6（calcium zirconium phosphate,CZP）陶瓷粉体。研究添加剂对CZP陶瓷烧结特性和热膨胀系数的影响以及CZP陶瓷的抗热冲击性能。通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析、热膨胀法和Archimedes排水法分别表征CZP陶瓷的晶体结构、微观形貌、热膨胀系数和体积...     

R-Curve Behavior and Thermal Shock Resistance of Ceramics

The influence of R -curve behavior of ceramics on the strength degradation associated with thermal shock is explored. Of particular significance for this interdependence is the observed nonlinear stress-strain behavior of materials that exhibit minimal strength degradation under severe thermal shock conditions. These two features, R -curve behavior and nonlinear behavior, are incorporated into a fracture mechanics analysis to provide a framework with which to understand severe thermal shock of ceramics. This analysis enables the estimation of the crack growth due to thermal shocking and also the anticipated strength degradation. The influence of specimen size is also addressed, and it is shown that greater strength degradation is anticipated with increasing specimen size. Experimental results for an alumina-zirconia composite material are presented to support the simple analysis.