分子育种提高甜菜抗病性

在甜菜生产中，甜菜的茎、叶和块根受多种病毒、真菌侵染，可导致产量、品质下降。目前，多数病害缺乏有效、经济的防治手段，有些病害防治的化学药剂具生物和环境毒害，有些药剂易于产生病原抗药性。因此抗病育种成为最重要的病害防治手段。抗病品种可以减少病害导致的产质量损失，减少化学药剂使用，提高种植甜菜的安全性和持久性。     

我国抗(耐)甜菜丛根病育种研究进展

抗（耐）甜菜丛根病品种的选育和应用是防治甜菜丛根病的根本途径。“八五”以来，我国对抗（耐）丛根病品种的选育十分重视，并做了大量的工作。本文从甜菜品种（系）的抗病性指标及鉴定、抗（耐）性种质资源的获得与抗性遗传、甜菜抗（耐）丛根病的育种方法、基因工程方法在抗丛根病育种上的应用、抗（耐）丛根病品种的育成与应用等方面出发，对我国抗（耐）丛根病甜菜品种的德育工作的研究进展进行了综述。     

转RIPs基因甜菜的分子检测和抗病性鉴定

对利用农杆茵介导法转化的经卡那霉素筛选的转核糖体失活蛋白(RIPs)基因甜菜植株进行PCR和RT-PCR检测,并对分子检测呈阳性的转基因甜菜植株接种甜菜褐斑病菌,接种20d后,发现75%植株具有抗病性.     

分子标记辅助选择及其在甜菜育种上的应用

综述分子标记辅助选择（MAS）在甜菜育种上所取得的成就，并对今后MAS在甜菜上的应用前景进行了展望。     

分子标记技术在甜菜抗病育种中的应用

主要综述了几种分子标记的基本原理及其在甜菜抗病育种上的应用。实践表明，分子标记技术为作物育种提供了一种新的研究手段，在甜菜抗病育种领域开拓广阔的应用前景。     

甜菜航天育种材料的叶绿素含量及某些形态特征研究初报

试验对8个甜菜航天育种材料及其对照进行田间观察及叶绿素含量分析,一年生甜菜航天育种材料的出苗状况、子叶大小、形状、叶形、株高等表现型与未经诱变的对照材料未发现明显差异。甜菜航天育种材料叶绿素含量在7月24日和8月4日均高于对照,其中HT-3、HT-5、HT-7、HT-8在整个一年生期间均表现出较高的趋势,并且HT、-3、HT-8与对照比较,达到了5％的显著差异。二年生甜菜采种株有6个航天育种材料在叶丛生长期表现生长迟缓,有少数植株叶片变窄,个别生长畸形,母根出苗不整齐。     

甜菜内源IAA与其抗丛根病的关系

内源IAA参与了植物体内侧根的形成、器官的生长、衰老以及植物逆境调节等代谢过程。本试验运用比较生理学方法,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定甜菜黄脉坏死病毒（BNYVV）侵染后甜菜体内内源IAA含量的变化及其在抗、感丛根病品种间的差异,以探究IAA与甜菜抗丛根病的关系。实验结果表明,BNYVV侵染后,内源IAA含量升高了36％-70％,并且抗病品种增加量比感病品种高42％-45％。通过与抗、感品种病情指数的相关性分析表明,内源IAA的增加量与病情指数呈负相关。     

Analysis of herbicide residues in sugar beet and sugar

A simple quantitative TLC method for the determination of the residues of herbicide inhibiting photosynthesis was compared with capillary GLC for the analysis of atrazine, chloridazone, lenacil, phenmedipham and desmedipham in sugar beet and sugar. No significant differences in the determination limit and precision of the two methods were found. Monitoring of herbicide residue levels in commercial sugar revealed low levels of atrazine (0.003 mg.kg-1 on average) in all the samples. This contamination level does not present a health hazard consumers.     

甜菜制糖工业废水综合治理

耗水量大和废水量大且有机质含量高是甜菜制糖的特点.耗水量与工艺有关,采用节水工艺可减少新水用量,与此同时废水排出量也减少.同时探讨了甜菜糖厂废水处理工艺.     

Kinetic model of sugar diffusion from sugar beet tissue treated by pulsed electric field

Extraction of sugar from sugar beet slices was studied following various pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments (intensities from 300 to 800 V cm^?1 and number of pulses varying between 50 and 1000). Slices treated by PEF were immersed in water at ambient temperature at a liquid/solid ratio of 3. A significant increase in extraction yield was observed. This enhancement was due to permeabilisation of the cellular membrane and to the additional quantity of juice appearing on the surface of slices after PEF treatment being extracted rapidly by convection. The optimal conditions of PEF treatment were an intensity of 670 V cm^?1 and 250 pulses. The extraction kinetics was studied on the basis of two approaches: Fick's diffusion equation and a two‐exponential kinetic model. The coefficient of diffusion was only slightly influenced by the conditions of PEF treatment. The two‐exponential model successfully described both the rapid and prolonged stages of extraction. By heating the solution at mild temperatures of 30–50 °C, the coefficient of diffusion was increased and the kinetics of extraction was enhanced. The quality of cellular juice obtained after PEF treatment was higher than that of juice obtained after thermal pretreatment at 75 °C. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Acetylated pectic polysaccharides of sugar beet

Acetylated pectin has been isolated from whole sugar beet tissue and from sugar beet pulp. A variety of extraction sequences and fractionation procedures were employed; all the extracts were of the pectin polysaccharide type containing 44–60% uronate, 12–22% neutral sugars, 4–6% methoxyl and 2–9% acetyl groups. The neutral sugars rhamnose, arabinose and galactose were present in all the extracts, and were covalently linked to the acidic polymer. Many of the extracts were surface active, and possessed foaming and emulsifying properties. Typically, foam volumes of 20–50% with t_½ of 120–180 min were obtained. The extracts were used to emulsify a model oil-in-water system containing 10% (v/v) groundnut oil. Oil droplet sizes of ~1 μm were obtained, considerably less than those obtained with commercial pectins, and the emulsions were stable for at least 36 h at 4°C. No correlations could be found between the foaming/emulsifying properties of the acetylated pectin fractions and their chemical structure.     

甜菜良种繁育技术

介绍了甜菜种株的生物学特性以及甜菜良种繁育体系和良种繁育技术.