粘结层喷涂方法对铜基体与热障涂层结合强度的影响

为提高铜基体上热障涂层的工作温度和寿命,分别采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和等离子喷涂(APS)制备NiCrAlY粘结层,采用等离子喷涂制备ZrO2-8%Y2O3陶瓷面层.用拉伸试验测试了热障涂层的结合强度,利用SEM分析了拉伸断口的成分分布和微观形貌.研究表明,用HVOF制备粘结层的热障涂层的结合强度为47.9 MPa,用APS制备粘结层的热障涂层的结合强度为31.2 MPa.与等离子喷涂制备粘结层相比,采用超音速火焰喷涂制备粘结层可明显提高ZrO2陶瓷涂层的结合强度.     

热障涂层的研究进展与发展趋势

热障涂层一般由金属粘结层和具有低热导率的陶瓷顶层组成,应用于涡轮发动机的热端部件可显著提高其使用温度,延长部件的使用寿命,提高发动机的效率.综述了热障涂层的成分选择、制备方法及等离子喷涂和电子束物理气相沉积2种热障涂层的典型结构,分析了热障涂层的剥落失效机理,并简单介绍了热障涂层的寿命预测模型和隔热特性的研究.     

一种长寿命热障涂层——LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)/YSZ双陶瓷层介绍

本文通过固相反应合成LaMgAl11O19热障涂层新材料,用喷雾干燥的方法制备粉末,用等离子喷涂方法制备LaMgAl11O19/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层,通过热循环实验测试了涂层的热循环性能,并分析了涂层失效机理。研究结果表明LaMgAl11O19/YSZ双陶瓷层热循环寿命比8YSZ的热循环寿命长得多,是一种非常有应用前景的热障涂层新材料。     

热障涂层寿命的计算机优化方法

作为进行热障涂层结构设计和制备参数设计的准备,本文在热障涂层寿命预测系统(本实验室研发)的基础上,研究开发了热障涂层寿命优化平台,对热障涂层的结构参数和制备参数进行了优化.制备参数主要包括热障涂层预氧化时间和粘结层粗糙度,热障涂层的结构参数包括了陶瓷层模量、陶瓷层厚度和粘结层厚度.     

镀铝表面改性7YSZ纳米热障涂层热震性能分析

为提高7YSZ纳米热障涂层的热震性能,实验中采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)在涡轮叶片模拟工件上制备了粘结层NiCrCrAlYTa,再使用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在粘结层上制备了7YSZ纳米陶瓷层。采用磁控溅射在7YSZ热障涂层样品表面镀铝,并在不同压力下(200、250、300 Pa)对镀铝样品进行热处理表面改性。对喷涂态样品和镀铝改性后样品进行水淬热震实验,1050℃保温10 min+水冷5 min为一个热循环,观察热障涂层镀铝改性前后样品在水淬热循环过程中形貌和结构演变。实验结果表明,镀铝改性后样品表面存在铝薄膜蒸发、凝固后形成的疏松纳米Al晶粒表层以及由Al和ZrO_2原位反应形成的致密α-Al_2O_3底层。在镀铝样品热处理过程中,随着压力升高,疏松层致密度逐渐增加。不同热处理压力下镀铝表面改性后样品经过73次水淬热循环后剥落面积均小于喷涂态样品,显示出良好的抗热震性。     

镀铝表面改性7YSZ纳米热障涂层热震性能分

为提高7YSZ纳米热障涂层的热震性能, 实验中采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)在涡轮叶片模拟工件上制备了粘结层NiCrCrAlYTa, 再使用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在粘结层上制备了7YSZ纳米陶瓷层。采用磁控溅射在7YSZ热障涂层样品表面镀铝, 并在不同压力下(200、250、300 Pa)对镀铝样品进行热处理表面改性。对喷涂态样品和镀铝改性后样品进行水淬热震实验, 1050℃保温10 min+水冷5 min为一个热循环, 观察热障涂层镀铝改性前后样品在水淬热循环过程中形貌和结构演变。实验结果表明, 镀铝改性后样品表面存在铝薄膜蒸发、凝固后形成的疏松纳米Al晶粒表层以及由Al和ZrO₂原位反应形成的致密α-Al₂O₃底层。在镀铝样品热处理过程中, 随着压力升高, 疏松层致密度逐渐增加。不同热处理压力下镀铝表面改性后样品经过73次水淬热循环后剥落面积均小于喷涂态样品, 显示出良好的抗热震性。     

高温热处理对等离子体喷涂的纳米氧化锆热障涂层的影响

热障涂层已广泛用于燃气发动机燃烧室等高温零部件上。纳米热障涂层韧性改善,厚度可以增加,能够提高零部件使用温度和使用寿命。首先利用低压等离子体在镍基体上喷涂制备NiCoCrAlYTa金属中间结合层和大气等离子体喷涂制备Y_2O_3部分稳定的ZrO_2纳米陶瓷面层,然后将纳米氧化锆热障涂层样品在大气中于1050～1250℃温度范围内煅烧处理2～20h。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析纳米氧化锆热障涂层高温煅烧前后的组织结构变化和相组成变化,并与常规微米氧化锆热障涂层进行比较。研究结果表明:经高温煅烧后,纳米氧化锆热障涂层中晶粒大小和在陶瓷面层/金属中间结合层界面上形成的TGO的厚度随煅烧温度升高和时间的延长而增大;纳米热障涂层中TGO的增长速度比常规微米热障涂层快;纳米热障涂层经高温煅烧空气中冷却后,主要由四方相组成;与常规微米热障涂层的相组成比较,纳米氧化锆热障涂层中的四方相为低稳定剂四方相。     

防钛火金属/陶瓷阻隔层设计与制备方法

金属/陶瓷阻隔层不仅可用于防钛火可磨耗封严涂层起阻燃作用,还可用于航空发动机热部件的热障涂层.以航空发动机压气机防钛火涂层的应用为主要背景,对金属/陶瓷阻隔层体系结构设计、涂层材料以及制备方法进行了系统的阐述.在涂层材料层面,分别介绍了陶瓷层与金属粘结层的材料成分设计、性能特点及其合成方法.在涂层制备技术层面,主要阐述了等离子喷涂(PS)、电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)以及新型的等离子物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)3种方法.最后,面向防钛火涂层的发展需求,提出了金属/陶瓷阻隔层未来在材料升级、工艺优化、性能表征以及涂层技术理论体系等方面的发展方向.     

一种新型CMAS耦合条件下热障涂层热循环实验方法

提出一种高温度梯度、燃气加热和CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2)沉积条件下热障涂层热循环实验方法,并对1200℃下CMAS沉积物对等离子喷涂热障涂层过早失效的影响因素进行讨论和分析。结果表明:无CMAS耦合条件下,热障涂层热循环寿命为573次;CMAS耦合条件下,热障涂层热循环寿命降低至70次。CMAS渗入会导致陶瓷层表层产生致密层和横向微裂纹增多。CMAS耦合条件下,热障涂层的失效以陶瓷层逐层剥离为主。     

热循环作用下圆筒基体热障涂层的失效过程分析

用等离子喷涂的方法在高温合金圆筒上制备热障涂层,通过红外线辐照圆筒外部对试件进行加热以及内部通冷却空气强制冷却的方法对热障涂层系统进行了热循环失效试验。利用有限元工具ABAQUS对热障涂层系统中的瞬时温度场与应力场进行了计算以分析热障涂层的失效原因。计算结果表明,试样处于稳态最高温度时以及降温过程开始的很短时间内,陶瓷层中出现较大的周向拉应力,该应力将导致热障涂层出现表面垂直裂纹;陶瓷层与粘接层界面的径向应力不足以引起界面的开裂,界面的起裂来源于垂直裂纹出现后所带来的边缘效应。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from