薄板坯连铸用平头浸入式水口的研究开发

通过研究薄板坯连铸机大通钢量条件下结晶器内钢水的流动特性,分析了浸入式水口出口射流对熔池温度分布、结晶器内液面波动等的影响。唐钢研发的一种薄板坯连铸机用平头浸入式水口,优化了浸入式水口钢液出钢孔端面的形状结构和在结晶器内的浸入深度,使高温钢水覆盖了整个结晶器表面,有利于保护渣的融化,解决了薄板坯连铸机拉速提高对结晶器流场、铸坯质量等方面的影响。     

大方坯连铸结晶器内钢水流场的数值模拟

 采用数值模拟的方法对大方坯结晶器内钢水流动过程进行了理论计算和分析,评估了浸入式水口结构对结晶器综合冶金效果的影响,并讨论了有关工艺参数与浸入式水口结构参数的关系。结果表明,浸入式水口结构及其工艺参数对结晶器内钢水流场分布及湍流粘度分布影响显著。     

大方坯径向水口旋流效应及其对凝固的影响

通过改变水口侧孔钢水流动方向可以控制结晶器内钢水流动与换热。采用流体动力学与凝固模拟方法对比研究了浸入式四分径向水口不同出流方向对大方坯连铸结晶器内流动、传热和凝固行为的影响。结果表明,侧孔方向对浇注过程结晶器内钢水的流动与凝固行为有显著影响。当水口侧孔水平旋转角度为30°时,结晶器内形成较好的水平旋流,可以有效降低侧孔出流钢水对坯壳的冲刷作用,并有利于结晶器内自由液面过热度的提高。比较不同侧孔出流角度发现,利用普通径向四分水口在一定安装角度下的旋流效应不仅对于初生坯壳的均匀生长以及自由液面的冶金效果产生有利影响,还可能在不改变水口结构条件下获得类似结晶器电磁搅拌的旋流效应。     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流场和传热凝固数值模拟

 以鞍山钢铁集团公司中薄板坯连铸机为研究对象,利用商业软件CFX44对结晶器内钢水流场和传热凝固进行了数值模拟,主要研究了三孔浸入式水口的冶金特征及其对结晶器内钢水流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,采用三孔浸入式水口可以优化结晶器内钢水流场和温度场,稳定坯壳发育和成形,防止拉漏。     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流场特征的研究

结晶器内钢水流动状况决定了连铸坯的质量。阐述了通过对双孔水口使用过程中结晶器内液面的实际测量,结合理论计算,得出了不同工艺制度下结晶器内钢水流动状况。     

中薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流场的数值模拟

 以鞍钢中薄板坯连铸机为对象，在商业软件CFX44的平台上对结晶器内钢水流动和液面波动过程进行了数值模拟，重点研究了其所独有的3孔浸入式水口的冶金功能。针对3孔浸入式水口不同侧孔倾角和浸入深度，数值模拟对结晶器内钢水流动做出了较为详细的预报，研究工作就此分别考察了水口中心孔流量变化和钢水液面波动幅度。     

水口类型对大方坯连铸结晶器内流场和温度场的影响

利用Fluent流体力学软件对直通式、侧二孔式、侧四孔式浸入水口对大方坯连铸结晶器内钢水流场和温度场进行了数值模拟.结果表明,从流场来看,直通式冲击深度最大,侧二孔式次之,侧四孔式最小,侧四孔式水口在结晶器内钢水能形成上、下两个回流,其下回流涡心较直通式水口从590 mm上移至270 mm,有利于夹杂物的上浮.从温度场来看,侧二孔式和侧四孔式较直通式水口使结晶器内热中心明显上移,且其弯月面钢水温度比直通式分别提高了6 K和4 K,有利于保护渣的熔化.     

改进浸入式水口吐出孔设计优化结晶器内钢液流态

为了优化连铸过程中结晶器内的钢液流态,世界各地的钢厂在改进浸入式水口吐出孔设计方面取得了一定的进展。该技术对于连铸工序实现高效生产高品质钢显得更为重要。一般说来,要实现连铸机高效生产,必须增大浸入式水口的内径和吐出孔尺寸,以增加通钢量,从而提高生产效率。但是,浸入式水口吐出孔尺寸增大后,钢液出口形成的非均匀流导致结晶器内钢水波动及保护渣卷渣夹杂,使钢质降低,且可能导致漏钢。叙述了塔塔钢铁英国公司带钢生产部门的塔尔博特港厂3号连铸机水口设计的技术进步。通过改进水口吐出孔设计,优化浸入式水口吐出孔钢液流态,进而降低结晶器内的钢液波动,减少卷渣夹杂。此外,还对塔尔博特港厂采用改进式水口后的结晶器内钢液流态和钢质进行了调查和评估。叙述了该厂3号铸机改善结晶器钢液流态所做的工作。     

连铸结晶器过程综合冶金行为的数值模拟

 结合连铸机设备工艺条件和所采用浸入式水口结构进行了结晶器内钢水流动、自由液面以及传热凝固等冶金现象的综合描述和数值分析。结果表明：浸入式水口通过控制钢水射流形态和强度可以显著影响结晶器熔池液面的起伏波动;上旋涡流股由液面返回时的抽引作用是波动起伏的主要原因,波谷处的液面流速最大;除钢水射流及其邻近钢水外,结晶器熔池中绝大部分钢水都因强烈对流和湍流扩散而保持其温度在液相线上恒定,研究条件下的熔池液面钢水最大过热度可达2 K以上,但此时的液面最大波高差和最大流速分别为9 mm和036 m/s。     

板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动过程的模拟仿真

板坯连铸结晶器内钢液的流动方式对去除钢水中夹杂物，防止残渣和保护渣卷入钢水，防止注流冲刷凝固固造成漏网和拉裂很重要。本文开发了描述结晶器内三维湍流流动的数学模型和计算程序Ｍｏｕｌｄ１．０，对结晶器内的流动现象进行了模拟研究，观察了双侧孔浸入式水口的张角和浸入深度及浇铸速度对结晶器内流动行为的影响。计算模拟结果与实测结果进行了比较。     

天钢板坯结晶器流场物理模拟及连铸工艺优化

为研究结晶器内钢液流场,通过对工艺参数的优化,进一步提高铸坯质量,以天津钢铁集团有限公司4#-VAI板坯连铸结晶器为原型进行水模试验,通过调节拉速、水口浸入深度,研究了结晶器内流场形态、液面波动、流场冲击深度和保护渣形貌等的变化情况。模拟试验表明,在现有参数和水口尺寸情况下,结晶器流场合理、液面渣层平稳、坯壳厚度均匀,能够满足铸坯质量要求。     

The Effects of Electromagnetic Brake on Liquid Steel Flow in Thin Slab Caster

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is developed for a thin slab caster to investigate the effects of electromagnetic brake (EMBr) on liquid steel flow in continuous casting mold and to determine the EMBr practices which lead to optimal flow structure. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) tests in water model and meniscus flow measurements in real caster are performed to validate the predictions obtained with CFD models. The performance of different submerged entry nozzle designs, SEN 1 and SEN 2, are evaluated. The effects of nozzle submergence in relation to the applied magnetic field on mold flow structure are quantified. There are significant differences between flow structures obtained with SEN 1 and SEN 2, even though both designs have fundamental similarities and contain four ports. EMBr mainly reduces the meniscus velocities for SEN 2 as opposed to the foremost influence of EMBr for SEN 1 that is to significantly slow down the downward jet coming from the bottom ports. In addition, reducing the EMBr strength for shallow nozzle submergence and increasing the EMBr strength for deep nozzle submergence help to maintain similar meniscus activity for all conditions.     

多孔水口对轴承钢280 mm x325 mm铸坯结晶器钢液流场和温度场的影响

采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了直通式、四孔式以及五孔式水口对GCr15轴承钢280 mm×325 mm坯连铸结晶器内钢液流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,当前常用的直通式水口对坯壳无冲刷,利于坯壳均匀生长,但钢液冲击深度大,在弯月面处速度小,不利于大方坯质量的提高。当采用四孔水口时,钢液热中心上移,钢液面处温度可提高8℃,钢液向上漩流增强,有利于降低结晶器内钢水过热及保护渣的熔化,但由于钢液对结晶器宽、窄面坯壳的冲刷致使冲击区域附近坯壳出现不同程度的零增长区域。当采用五孔水口时,除了钢液热中心上移,钢液向上漩流增强,由于侧孔钢液流速减小,对坯壳的冲刷减小,有利于保护渣的快速熔化、过热度的快速降低,坯壳的均匀生长,显著提高大方坯的质量。     

Three-Dimensional Flow Behavior Inside the Submerged Entry Nozzle

According to various authors, the surface quality of steel depends on the dynamic conditions that occur within the continuous casting mold’s upper region. The meniscus, found in that upper region, is where the solidification process begins. The liquid steel is distributed into the mold through a submerged entry nozzle (SEN). In this paper, the dynamic behavior inside the SEN is analyzed by means of physical experiments and numerical simulations. The particle imaging velocimetry technique was used to obtain the vector field in different planes and three-dimensional flow patterns inside the SEN volume. Moreover, large eddy simulation was performed, and the turbulence model results were used to understand the nonlinear flow pattern inside the SEN. Using scaled physical and numerical models, quasi-periodic behavior was observed due to the interaction of two three-dimensional vortices that move inside the SEN lower region located between the exit ports of the nozzle.     

Effect of EMBr on Flow in Slab Continuous Casting Mold and Evaluation Using Nail Dipping Measurement

The nail dipping method was developed to investigate the effect of electromagnetic brake on the mold top surface flow in a certain slab caster with different casting speed and submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth. The shape of the meniscus profile and direction of flow were quantified by analyzing the angular profile of the lump for each solidified nail, and the error evaluation for the nail dipping measurement was also determined. The results show that the meniscus level fluctuates with time variation; the electromagnetic force suppresses the high‐speed flow and decreases the meniscus flow velocity, which makes the meniscus level flatter and slower. A stronger meniscus velocity and fluctuation were created by increasing casting speed and decreasing the SEN depth. Furthermore, the effect of magnetic field on the fluid flow in the mold has been investigated.     

Numerical study of an application of a divergent reverse TurboSwirl nozzle in the billet continuous casting process

The swirling flow has widely been investigated for liquid steel flowing in the continuous casting process. In this paper, a new design of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is applied by using a reverse TurboSwirl device with a divergent nozzle. This divergent reverse TurboSwirl nozzle (DRTSN) is shown to gain a more beneficial flow pattern compared to the straight nozzle. A stronger swirling flow can be obtained at the SEN outlet, which leads to a calmer flow field and an appropriately active meniscus flow that could improve the heat and mass transfer near the meniscus. The swirl number in the SEN is independent of the casting speed, while a lower casting speed yields a lower maximum wall shear stress. The DRTSN is connected to the tundish by an elbow and a horizontal runner. A longer horizontal runner supplies a more uniform velocity profile and a more symmetrical flow pattern.     

Numerical modelling of fluid flows in square billet moulds,using a new nozzle orientation in the presence of an in-mould rotary electromagnetic stirrer

ABSTRACT

An electromagnetic field simulation along with a fluid flow analysis model were developed, to study the effect of the submerged entry nozzle’s (SEN) angle of rotation, together with a rotational electromagnetic field, on the turbulent liquid steel flow within a curved, square mould of a billet continuous caster. The Realisable-k-? turbulence model and the volume of fluid multiphase model were implemented, so as to simulate the effect of turbulent fluid flow on the shape of the top liquid steel meniscus. Similarly, the magnetic induction method was employed for simulating the effects of rotating magnetic fields on the flow patterns developed within the mould region. The predicted magnetic field and fluid flows were validated against previous experimental work. Predicted results demonstrated that fluid flows and the shape of the liquid steel meniscus could be significantly modified by changing the orientation of the SEN’s ports in the presence of a low-frequency rotating magnetic field.     

水口倾角对150 mm x380 mm矩形坯结晶器流场的影响

为减少矩形坯角裂、漏钢等缺陷,提高铸坯质量,进行改变浸入式水口出口倾角角度以优化结晶器流场的研究。通过Fluent软件,对150 mm×380 mm矩形坯结晶器钢液流动和凝固耦合过程进行数值模拟,得出水口倾角（15°~30°）对表面流速、表面湍动能和冲击深度的影响。结果表明,随水口倾角增加,平均表面流速下降,冲击深度增加,有利于稳定液面;但随倾角增加,液面波动小,不利于钢液搅拌和夹杂物去除,下部回旋区过低,坯壳变薄,容易产生漏钢;综合得出,150 mm×380 mm铸坯的水口倾角宜为25°。应用结果得出使用优化水口后,铸坯中夹杂物总数减少36%。     

MCCR产线110mm薄板坯结晶器流场的数值模拟

首钢京唐MCCR产线是国内第一条多模式连铸连轧产线,薄板坯高拉速连铸是实现无头轧制模式的基础,结晶器内流场控制是决定薄板坯高拉速连铸的关键.采用VOF两相流模型研究薄板坯连铸结晶器内流场特点,采用插钉法测量实际生产过程结晶器弯月面流速,并与对应工况条件下模拟结果进行对比校验了模型准确性.通过薄板坯连铸结晶器内流场的数值...