616装甲钢厚板结构件多层多道焊数值模拟及试验验证

考虑施加约束条件对焊后变形及残余应力的影响,建立616装甲钢厚板结构件多层多道焊有限元模型. 利用Sysweld软件对616装甲钢厚板结构件多层多道焊焊缝截面尺寸、焊后残余应力进行了模拟计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明了模型的准确性. 对616装甲钢厚板结构件多层多道焊特征点热循环变化趋势、焊后变形情况进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好. 结果表明,距离熔合线越远,峰值温度越低,达到峰值的时刻越滞后,受热程度越低. 焊缝两侧、起弧端、收弧端是发生残余形变的主要区域,是高应力值的集中区.     

铝合金MIG焊L形接头的有限元分析及试验验证

以12 mm厚轨道车辆用铝合金板多层多道MIG焊为研究对象,采用热弹塑性有限元分析和试验验证的方法进行研究。采用更符合实际工况的边界条件简化方法,建立了L形接头单边V形坡口的有限元模形,模拟并分析了L形接头焊接过程中的温度场、应力场和焊接变形,发现有限元法可准确模拟多道焊的热积累效应,预测焊接构件的残余应力和变形分布;同时开展了L形接头多层多道MIG焊试验,并采用盲孔法测量焊后残余应力,对比模拟和实测结果发现,模拟和实测的残余应力在变化趋势和峰值上吻合良好,验证了数值模拟模形的准确性。     

QTT天线轨道重力弯矩下多层多道焊角变形预测

QTT (Qitai radio telescope)天线轨道每段尺寸4 000 mm × 600 mm × 200 mm,进行多层多道焊拼接时,坡口与熔敷金属量大,角变形大. 为了预测与控制变形,通过轨道缩比模型的试验与有限元分析,验证了热弹塑性耦合模型的合理性,并在有限元模型中考虑了重力的影响. 同时为解决大型QTT天线轨道结构多层多道焊模拟计算量大的问题,增加了重力弯矩影响,对多层多道焊角变形预测公式进行了修正. 结果表明,对于大型QTT天线轨道结构,重力影响因素不可忽略,且添加重力条件提高了模型角变形预测精度,为新一代大型QTT天线轨道实际装焊提供了理论指导.     

基于复合热源模型的Al-Mg-Zn铝合金脉冲MIG焊接模拟

针对脉冲MIG焊接试验过程建立了复合热源模型,并采用有限元软件ABAQUS对板厚15 mm的Al-Mg-Zn铝合金进行了多层多道脉冲MIG焊接的传热过程数值模拟. 根据复合热源和单一双椭球热源进行计算对比. 结果表明,该组合热源可以较好的模拟脉冲MIG焊接不同道次的熔池形貌,并且降低热源校准难度. 同时,基于建立的复合热源模型,文中引入非线性弹性边界条件表征实际夹具工装,对脉冲MIG焊接过程的应力和变形分布进行仿真模拟,其中焊后变形分布规律和试验测量具有较好的一致性.     

船用薄板焊接接头残余变形有限元模拟

运用热弹塑性有限元法,对不同焊接工艺条件下板厚6 mm的AH36钢薄板焊接接头残余变形进行了有限元模拟研究.结果表明,使用不同的焊接方法,纵向挠曲变形和角变形量发生显著变化,采用单一CO2气体保护焊,焊接残余变形量较小;采用CO2气体保护焊+埋弧焊的混合焊方法,焊接残余变形量有所增大;在焊缝背面施加雾化水冷,可以有效控制焊接残余变形,尤其对于控制采用单一CO2气体保护焊的角变形成效显著.为了验证有限元模拟结果的准确性,采用与有限元模拟完全相同的工艺条件对AH36钢薄板进行了焊接残余变形试验,试验结果与数值模拟结论存在一定误差,但基本变化趋势一致,表明采用有限元模拟技术可以预测AH36钢薄板焊接残余变形.     

厚板Invar钢多层多道焊与多层摆动焊效率与接头质量对比分析

对19 mm厚Invar钢板进行多层多道焊和多层摆动焊对接试验,计算分析了这两种工艺的功耗和效率,并通过观察和测量Invar钢焊件的金相组织和显微硬度以比较两种焊接方法的焊接接头质量。结果表明,在连接厚板Invar钢时,由于多层摆动焊焊道数少于多层多道焊焊道数,多层摆动焊所用焊接时间较少、效率更高、功耗更少;多层摆动焊的层间重熔区熔合良好,而多层多道焊接接头处观察到明显的未熔合缺陷;多层摆动焊的热影响区宽度远小于多层多道焊;多层摆动焊的平均晶粒尺寸及显微硬度均略大于多层多道焊。     

逐层填料建模的多层多道焊残余应力数值分析

基于连续数值模拟技术,在多层多道焊数值建模时,逐步添加每一层焊缝网格模型,进行分步的模拟计算,实现了有效的多层多道焊接热—力耦合有限元计算.利用连续模拟方法与非连续模拟方法,计算分析了多层多道焊试验模型.结果表明,与非连续模拟方法相比,连续建模方法收敛性好,且纵向残余应力峰值结果较传统建模方法更准确.同时,分析了热—力作用下多层多道焊缝的应力演变历程,揭示了多重热循环作用下焊缝纵向残余应力的变化过程.     

5A06铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头变形及应力分析

以30 mm厚5A06铝合金为研究对象,基于SYSWELD有限元分析软件,根据热-弹-塑性理论,建立5A06铝合金扫描激光多层多道焊接接头有限元模型,对其焊接接头的温度场、残余应力及变形进行模拟计算,并进行了试验验证. 模拟结果表明,窄间隙激光填丝焊每个道次的热输入量较小,不会造成热影响区晶粒长大. 焊缝横向残余应力最大值出现在接头靠近下表面的区域,约为130 MPa;靠近上表面处的纵向残余应力最大. 厚度方向上残余应力值较小. 通过与实测值对比,残余应力及变形的模拟值与实测值基本一致,可对接头的残余应力分布及焊后变形进行预测分析.     

电子束焊仿真技术在ITER 68 kA超导电流引线制造中的应用研究

以焊接模拟软件Sysweld为平台,用双椭球+圆锥复合热源模型对?105 mm×44.5 mm的TU1无氧铜环焊缝的收束流的位置进行模拟研究,并通过焊接生产加以验证。试验结果表明:随着收束流角度的增大,焊接变形逐渐增大,焊后残余应力逐渐减小;当收束流角为72°时,可获得最佳的焊接变形与焊后残余应力匹配;通过生产验证,72°的收束流角可以使零件焊后关键部位的同轴度偏差不超过0.3 mm,满足设计要求。     

角变形动态过程试验研究

对低碳钢对接接头多层多道焊的角变形动态过程进行数据采集,得到了不同工艺及不同工件厚度条件下角变形与时间的关系曲线,并进行了分析.认为,角变形发生发展的动态过程复杂；多层多道焊时,每层焊缝角变形动态过程既有一定的规律,又存在差异;残余角变形是焊接过程中角变形增量不断累加的结果.     

大面积拼焊平台结构的焊接变形预测

为了对大面积厚板拼焊平台结构进行焊接变形预测,首先进行了缩比件焊接试验,并测试了焊接过程中的角变形,然后进行了实际焊道数量及焊道集中分组后缩比件的焊接数值模拟,验证了焊接有限元模型输入的准确性及焊道集中分组方案的合理性;最后根据建立的焊道集中规则建立了平台结构的焊接有限元模型,进行了焊接变形的预测.结果表明,实际焊道数量及焊道集中分组后缩比件焊接角变形的数值模拟结果与测试结果一致,角变形约为1.6°,验证了将实际焊接工艺中15层27道简化为5层5道的焊道集中方案的准确性;平台结构的焊接变形表现为局部下塌或上凸的面外变形,是由上下坡口不对称产生的焊接角变形及底部钢架支撑作用共同产生的,面外变形范围为−5.2 ~ 4.4 mm.     

焊接残余应力对Invar钢疲劳寿命影响分析

利用有限元软件MSC.Marc计算了液化石油天然气船液舱Invar钢薄膜的焊接温度场和残余应力场,并计算了焊接残余应力与液体晃荡压力耦合条件下焊缝处的疲劳寿命.结果表明,焊缝表面中心线上的节点的纵向残余应力可达298.1 MPa左右,焊缝纵向残余应力的峰值可达328.3 MPa左右,高于Invar钢的室温屈服强度280.1 MPa.由于焊接残余应力的存在,Invar钢薄膜焊缝的疲劳寿命约由2.1×106降低到1.7×105.     

Simulation on the deformation controlling of T-joint LBW with auxiliary heat source for high strength aluminum alloy

To avoid the angular deformation of aluminum alloy T-joint weldments, a new method named welding with auxiliary heat source is proposed. The welding simulation is performed with the commercial finite element software Abaqus and FORTRAN programme encoding a special conical heat source with Gaussian volumetric distribution of flux. The influence of the local model on the temperature, residual stress, and welding deformation distributions is investigated. The findings show that angular deformation achieved through numerical computation completely consists with the experimental result which has proved the effectiveness of the finite element methods developed. Various measurements performed on small-scale welded test specimens provide a data base of experimental results that serves as a bench mark for qualification of the simulation result. Finally, the residual stress and strain states in a T-joint are predicted.     

因瓦合金TIG焊接温度场模拟分析

根据因瓦合金和45钢TIG焊接特点,建立几何模型并确定双椭球热源模式,利用ANSYS软件模拟不同板厚焊接过程中温度场变化,实现温度场与应力场的弱耦合,模拟焊接温度场分布再现温度场的大小及分布情况;利用不同的焊接工艺参数和被焊材料厚度进行了焊接试验,测定焊接过程中特定位置的变形情况,对比分析数值模拟与试验结果.结果表明,在电流132 A,电弧电压17.1 V,焊接速度4 mm/s,板厚1.88 mm的焊接工艺参数条件下可以实现因瓦合金的熔透性焊接,获得良好的焊接接头;利用有限元数值分析方法模拟了焊接工艺参数条件下的焊件温度场分布和熔透性,模拟结果与试验结果一致.     

Mechanical properties of welded joints in thin walled aluminium extrusions

Abstract

The present work describes the tensile properties of weldments in thin walled extruded Al–Mg–Si alloys. Tungsten inert gas (TIG), metal inert gas (MIG), and friction stir (FS) welding are considered. Properties of joints welded with different filler metals are presented, both matching and undermatching the parent materials in strength. The weldments were tested in both as welded and post-weld aged conditions. It is shown that silicon rich filler metals (Al–5Si and Al–12Si) were adequate for the welding of 6063 alloy but did not give welds with strength sufficient to match that of 6082 alloy. Tungsten inert gas welding resulted in large heat affected zone (HAZ) widths of 20 mm, compared with HAZ widths of 10 and 8 mm for MIG and FS welding respectively. This relationship was also seen in tensile tests where FS specimens exhibited the highest strength and TIG specimens exhibited the lowest strength. The post-weld aged materials recovered some strength, with increases in tensile strength of 10–15% for 6063 alloy and of 20% for alloy 6082 compared with the strengths of the as welded specimens. Comparisons between experimental data and two design codes, a draft European standard and the British standard BS 8118, show that the European standard is conservative for welds in thin walled material. Standard BS 8118 describes MIG and FS HAZ widths well but underestimates the HAZ width for TIG welds.     

Thermomechanical coupling simulation and experimental study in the isothermal ECAP processing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The thermomechanical coupling simulation of the isothermal equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was conducted.The effect of processing parameters,ECAP pass number and the residual billet on the effective strain,stress and temperature distribution was investigated.Based on the coupling simulation results,it is found that the shear factor,ram speed,deformation temperature,channel intersection angle and residual billet significantly affect the ECAP deformation behaviors.Meanwhile,the experimental study of the isothermal ECAP process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using route C,in which the repeated rotation angle around the longitudinal billet axis before reinsertion in the die was 180°,were conducted at a deformation temperature of 750°C,a ram speed of 0.3 mm·s-1,an outer arc of curvature of 60° and a channel intersection angle of 120°.Furthermore,a large amount of recrystallization occurs and some prior α phase grains grow in the post-ECAP process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The yield strength of post-ECAP Ti-6Al-4V alloy increases compared with that of as-received Ti-6Al-4V alloy.     

网格畸变处理技术在不锈钢多层焊应力模拟的应用

通过对304 L不锈钢多层焊焊接工艺研究,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,采用热—力顺序耦合分析方法进行多层焊应力场的有限元数值计算. 奥氏体不锈钢焊接性使得焊缝金属在模拟焊接过程中出现大变形导致计算网格发生畸变,计算中止. 采用了“追踪单元”技术和网格重划分技术对应力场计算中网格畸变问题进行解决. 将数值模拟结果与实际应力测量结果进行对比. 结果表明,采用上述方法能够得到较准确的焊接残余应力结果.     

Study on stress and deformation of keyhole gas tungsten arc-welded joints

Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding(K-TIG)of Q345 low alloy steel plates was simulated by using SYSWELD software.The temperature field of the K-TIG welding process was simulated with three different combined heat sources and was compared with the weld profile that was obtained experimentally.The temperature field that was obtained by a combination of a double ellipsoid heat source on the upper half and a three-dimensional Gauss heat source on the lower half was similar to the real situation.The effects of plate thickness,gap and welding speed on the deformation and stress of the K-TIG welded joints were investigated by K-TIG welding numerical simulation.A reduction in the thickness of the weld plates reduced the z-direction deformation and transverse residual stress;an appropriate gap reduced the residual stress and an increase in the welding speed reduced deformation after welding,but did not help to control the residual stress after welding.