b型流感嗜血杆菌精制多糖分子大小分布及重均分子质量检测方法的改良

目的 改良HPLC(AKTA 层析)系统,采用HPLC-MALLS 系统检测b 型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)精制多糖的分子大小分布及重均分子质量(Mw),并进行方法的验证.方法 采用HPLC(AKTA层析)系统连接示差分析仪检测9批Hib精制多糖供试品的分配系数(...     

A、C群脑膜炎球菌-b型流感嗜血杆菌多糖结合疫苗免疫学效果观察

目的观察A、C群脑膜炎球菌-b型流感嗜血杆菌(Meningococcal group A&C/Haemophilus influenzae type b,ACHib)多糖结合疫苗的免疫原性。方法采用开放、完全随机、盲态观察的方法,将1 800名观察对象分为临床试验组和对照组,每组各900名,两组又按3个年龄段分为3～5、6～11和12～71月龄组。试验组仅经上臂三角肌肌内注射试验疫苗(ACHib多糖结合疫苗),对照组分别经左右上臂同时注射两种对照疫苗(A、C群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗和Hib结合疫苗)。3～5月龄组免疫3针,每针间隔1个月;6～11月龄组免疫2针,每针间隔1个月;12～71月龄组免疫1针。分别于免疫前、全程免疫后30～35 d采集静脉血,分离血清,采用功能性抗体杀菌力法检测A、C群脑膜炎球菌血清杀菌抗体滴度,间接ELISA法检测Hib抗体水平,并计算抗体阳转率及抗体增长倍数。结果免疫后,3个年龄段的试验组与对照组血清A、C群脑膜炎球抗体和Hib抗体阳转率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3个年龄段试验组与对照组易感和非易感人群A、C群脑膜炎球菌抗体滴度差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而试验组Hib抗体水平低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 ACHib多糖结合疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,可作为上述3种病原菌的预防制剂推广使用。     

b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗的安全性及免疫原性

目的评价诺华公司生产的b型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)结合疫苗的安全性及免疫原性。方法采用随机、对照、双盲方法,将320名2～5月龄健康婴幼儿按照1∶1的比例分为实验组和对照组,实验组接种3剂诺华公司生产的Hib结合疫苗,对照组接种3剂某进口Hib结合疫苗,每剂间隔1个月,接种部位和途径均为上臂三角肌肌肉注射。每剂接种后30 min、6 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,对观察对象进行主动安全性观察;每剂接种后4～28 d,观察对象主动报告接种疫苗后的不良反应及不良事件发生情况。分别于接种前和全程免疫后28 d采集指血,ELISA法测定Hib-PRP抗体水平,评价疫苗的免疫原性。结果实验组3针总局部反应发生率为12.67%,对照组3针总局部反应发生率为14.69%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组第1针局部反应发生率明显低于对照组,而第2、3针局部反应发生率高于对照组。实验组3针总全身反应发生率为19.33%,对照组3针总全身反应发生率为22.38%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组与对照组各针次全身反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组和对照组接种疫苗后,Hib-PRP抗体水平≥1.0μg/ml的比例分别为97.33%和95.80%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Hib-PRP抗体水平≥0.15μg/ml的比例均为100%。实验组和对照组接种疫苗后,Hib-PRP抗体水平分别为(3.82±39.76)和(5.22±43.22)μg/ml。结论未观察到诺华公司Hib结合疫苗与某进口Hib结合疫苗的安全性和免疫原性存在差别。     

高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法测定b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗的多糖含量

目的采用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法(high performance anion exchange chromatography withpulsed amperometric detector,HPAEC-PAD)测定b型流感嗜血杆菌(haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)结合疫苗的多聚磷酸核糖基核糖醇(polyribosylribitol phosphate,PRP)多糖含量。方法用终浓度为0.3 N的NaOH溶液将待测疫苗中的PRP多糖或分离得到的游离多糖在室温下振荡水解(16±8)h,采用CarboPac誖PA-10阴离子交换柱在NaOH/醋酸钠溶液梯度洗脱条件下分离水解产物,用脉冲安培检测器检测信号,根据样品的峰面积计算得到待测疫苗中的PRP多糖含量及游离多糖含量,样品均重复检测2次,计算2次检测结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)。同时采用《中国药典》三部(2010版)附录ⅧJ中的地衣酚法测定相同批次样品的PRP多糖含量及游离多糖含量,并对两种方法得到的结果进行比较。结果相同样品重复检测2次,结果间的差异非常小,RSD不超过4.6%。HPAEC-PAD法测得的总PRP结果与地衣酚法测得的结果接近,前者测得的S01～S03样品的PRP浓度值分别为后者的105%、104%和106%;HPAEC-PAD法测得的游离PRP结果与地衣酚法测得的结果差别较大,前者测得的S01～S03样品的游离PRP浓度值分别为后者的126%、109%和115%。结论 HPAEC-PAD法测定Hib结合疫苗的PRP多糖含量灵敏度高,重复性和分离效果好,样品不需要衍生处理,可同时测定多组分,可作为传统地衣酚法的替代方法用于Hib结合疫苗中多糖含量的测定。     

b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗游离多糖含量检测高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法的建立及验证

目的 建立b型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)结合疫苗游离多糖含量检测的超速离心联合高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培(high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detect...     

吸附无细胞百白破、灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗的安全性

目的观察吸附无细胞百白破、灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine containing a polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate-tetanus toxoid conjugate,DTacP-IPV//PRP～T)的不良反应发生情况,以评价其安全性。方法采用知情自愿原则,在虹口区4个街道选择100名出生60～74 d符合检测要求的婴儿,分别于2、3、4月龄接种五联疫苗,并进行4次现场和3次电话访视,记录不良反应的发生情况。结果接种五联疫苗后,不良反应发生率前3位为轻度异常哭闹(25.8%)、轻度触痛(23.8%)和轻度食欲下降(23.2%),随着接种剂次增加,局部发红、肿胀的严重程度升高,而呕吐、嗜睡、食欲下降、易激惹的严重程度下降。结论五联疫苗具有良好的安全性,严重不良反应的发生率较低。受主观影响较大的不良反应报告偏多,在日后的接种工作中需注意后续剂次接种后局部不良反应的发生情况,以减轻局部症状。     

血清抗b型流感嗜血杆菌磷酸多聚核糖基核糖醇抗体杀菌活性体外检测方法的建立

目的 建立免疫血清中抗b型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)磷酸多聚核糖基核糖醇(Polyri-bosylribitol phosphate,PRP)抗体体外血清杀菌试验(Serum bacterialcid assay,SBA)方法。方法通过对补体和指示菌株的筛选,建立体外测定血清中抗Hib-PRP抗体杀菌试验方法,并对实验体系的耐变性、特异性及精密性进行验证。结果指示菌Hib-EAGAN株与Hib阳性血清显示出良好的杀菌特异性,其平均非特异性杀菌率为0;Pel-Freez公司提供的4批补体中,批号为17830的补体具有良好的杀菌稳定性和特异性;经验证,建立的Hib-SBA体系具有良好的耐变性和特异性,其精密性CV值在16%～28%之间。结论成功建立了血清抗Hib-PRP抗体杀菌活性体外检测方法,该方法具有检测样本量大、省时、易标准化等优点。     

基于状态设备网络的改进间歇生产调度模型

建立有效的间歇生产调度模型一直是生产调度问题研究的热点,基于特定事件点的连续时间建模方法是优化短期间歇生产调度问题的有效工具。基于状态设备网络和特定事件点概念,建立非线性的连续时间间歇生产调度模型。为了解决非线性引起的求解困难,该模型使用替代方法线性化模型中的双线性项,替代法不仅将建立的混合整数非线性规划模型转化为混合整数线性规划模型,且由于其不包含大M松弛项,能使模型搜索空间更紧凑,模型求解效率更高。通过3个实例对比实验表明了基于状态设备网络描述的改进间歇生产调度模型搜索高效性。另外,模型中还给出了不同存储条件下,基于状态设备网络描述的间歇生产调度模型约束,扩展了模型适用性。     

Kinetic modeling and process analysis for Desmodesmus sp. lutein photo‐production

Lutein is a high‐value bioproduct synthesized by microalga Desmodesmus sp. In the current study two aspects of this process are thoroughly investigated: identifying the complex effects of light intensity and nitrate concentration on biomass growth and lutein synthesis, and constructing an accurate kinetic model capable of simulating the entire bioprocess dynamic performance, neither of which has been previously addressed. Three original contributions are presented here. First, it is found that completely opposite to a nitrogen‐limiting culture, under nitrogen‐sufficient conditions a higher lutein content is caused by a higher light intensity and lower nitrate concentration. Second, contrary to lutein content, total lutein production always increases with the increasing nitrate concentration. Third, through experimental verification, the proposed kinetic model is characterized by high accuracy and predictability, indicating its competence for future process design, control, and optimization. Based on the model, optimal light intensities for lutein production and microalgae growth are identified. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2546–2554, 2017     

Improved electricity production from sewage sludge under alkaline conditions in an insert‐type air‐cathode microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND: Electricity can be generated directly from sewage sludge with a microbial fuel cell (MFC), combining degradation of organic matter. This study constructed a novel insert‐type air‐cathode microbial fuel cell (ITAC‐MFC) as an alternative to a sediment‐type MFC and a two‐chambered MFC for the generation of bioelectricity and the degradation of sewage sludge organic matter. Meanwhile, a pH adjustment was carried out to enhance substrate bioavailability of sludge and to suppress methane production in the MFC. RESULTS: A maximum power density of 73 ± 5 mW m^?2 was obtained at sludge pH 10.0, much higher than those of 33 ± 3 and 4 ± 0.5 mW m^?2 obtained at pH 8.0 and 6.0, respectively. It was observed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of sewage sludge at pH 10.0 was almost three times greater than that at pH 6.0. At the same time, the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal and coulombic efficiency (CE) at pH 10.0 were also much higher than at the other two conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that improved electricity production and organic degradation could be achieved by maintaining the sludge pH at 10.0 in an MFC. ITAC‐MFC offers an attractive alternative for the environmentally‐friendly removal of organic matter in sewage sludge. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Maximum volumetric production of β‐galactosidase by Kluyveromyces fragilis in fed‐batch culture with automatic control

The production of β‐galactosidase by Kluyveromyces fragilis was studied in different culture systems, with dissolved oxygen concentration control and using defined media. An operating strategy of fed‐batch culture with automatic control of substrate addition regulated by dissolved oxygen concentration, consisting of the replacement of variable volumes of broth by fresh medium (once the fed‐batch culture has finished), was designed. The volumetric enzyme productivity (Q_p, 13 600 UI dm^?3 h^?1) obtained was 38% higher than that reached in continuous culture of K fragilis with dissolved oxygen concentration control and far higher than that obtained by batch culture of K fragilis under the same aeration conditions. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimization of the culture conditions for production of glutamate decarboxylase by Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus

The culture conditions for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) production under submerged fermentation by Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus were investigated. The results indicated the optimum culture medium was composed as follows: 15.0 g L^?1 of peptone, 12.5 g L^?1 of beef extract, 12.5 g L^?1 of sucrose, 1.03 g L^?1 of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 g L^?1 of sodium acetate, 2 g L^?1 of ammonium dibasic citrate, 2.12 g L^?1 of calcium chloride, 1 g L^?1 of Tween 80, and initial pH 6.79. The optimum culture temperature and time were 37 °C and 12 h, respectively. Under these conditions, GAD production was 257.46 ± 5.12 U, which was about 1.45‐fold that of Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimization of growth medium for the production of α‐amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using response surface methodology

The optimization of nutrient levels for the production of α‐amylase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the 2³ factorial central composite design (CCD). This procedure limited the number of actual experiments performed while allowing for possible interactions between three components. RSM was adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of starch, peptone and yeast extract (YE) on α‐amylase production. The P‐value of the coefficient for linear effects of starch and YE concentration was <0.0001, suggesting that this was the principal experimental variable, having the greatest effect on the production of α‐amylase. The optimal combinations of media constituents for maximum α‐amylase production were determined as 12.61 g L^?1 starch, 2.83 g L^?1 peptone and 1.25 g L^?1 YE. The optimization of the medium resulted not only in a 34% higher enzyme activity than unoptimized medium but also in a reduced amount of the required medium constituents. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimization of medium and process parameters for a constitutive α‐amylase production from a catabolite derepressed Bacillus subtilis KCC103

BACKGROUND: In Bacillus subtilis KCC103 α‐amylase is hyper‐produced and not catabolite repressed by glucose. Various sugars, raw starches and nitrogen sources were tested for their repression effect on α‐amylase synthesis. Enhancement of α‐amylase production by supplementing micronutrients and surfactants was studied. Using optimized medium, process parameters were optimized for improved α‐amylase production. RESULTS: α‐Amylase was produced from KCC103 utilizing simple sugars indicating the absence of catabolite repression. Raw potato and yeast extract were best carbon and nitrogen sources for α‐amylase production. α‐Amylase synthesis was enhanced by micronutrients cysteine, thiamine, Mg²⁺ and SDS. Maximum α‐amylase (394 IU mL^?1) was produced in the optimized medium consisting of (in g L^?1) raw potato (30.0), yeast extract (20.0), cysteine (0.3), thiamine (0.2), SDS (0.2) and MgSO₄ (0.5 mmol L^?1) at 36–48 h under optimal conditions (pH 7.0, 37 °C, 200 rpm). The α‐amylase production was further enhanced to 537.7 IU mL^?1 with shorter time (15–18 h) in a bioreactor with optimized agitation rate of 700 rpm at 30% dissolved oxygen. CONCLUSION: Since there was no carbon catabolite repression of α‐amylase synthesis, sugar mixture from various agro‐residues hydrolysates could be utilized for α‐amylase production. The study showed the feasibility of utilization of raw potato for α‐amylase production from the KCC103, which would lead to a significant reduction in process cost. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimization of agro‐residual medium for α‐amylase production from a hyper‐producing Bacillus subtilis KCC103 in submerged fermentation

BACKGROUND: Although submerged fermentation (SmF) is the conventional method in industry, use of low‐cost agro‐residues for α‐amylase production in SmF has not been well established. Here we optimized agro‐residue‐based medium and culture conditions for α‐amylase production in SmF using a hyper‐producing Bacillus subtilis KCC103. RESULTS: B. subtilis KCC103 produced α‐amylase in SmF by utilizing agro‐residues. Wheat bran (WB) and sunflower oil cake (SFOC) were selected as the best substrates using shake flasks. Medium containing WB (carbohydrate rich) and SFOC (rich in protein and free amino acids) at 1:1 (w/w) ratio produced high levels (90 IU mL⁻¹) of α‐amylase at 30–36 h in a shake flask. The α‐amylase yield was 14‐fold enhanced (1258 IU mL⁻¹) by optimizing process parameters and medium composition following response surface methodology in a bioreactor. The optimal conditions were: WB 1.27%, SFOC 1.42%, pH 7, 37 °C and 10–12 h. Both in shake flask and bioreactor α‐amylase synthesis was not repressed by the release of simple sugars into the medium. CONCLUSION: KCC103 with catabolite derepression and hyperproducing ability is useful for economic α‐amylase production using low‐cost agro‐residual substrates in conventional SmF. Since the production time (10–12 h) is much shorter than other strains this would improve productivity and further reduce the cost of α‐amylase production. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry