双丝脉冲MIG焊脉冲频率变化时的熔滴过渡特征

从双丝焊电弧和熔滴过渡的特殊性入手,引出了脉冲喷射过渡.借助自主研发的电焊机双丝脉冲协调控制器以及高速摄像系统和电信号采集系统,获得了焊接过程中一系列电流波形和熔滴过渡的高速摄像图片,据此讨论了脉冲频率变化时,双丝脉冲MIG焊焊接过程中产生的一脉一滴、一脉多滴和多脉一滴的熔滴过渡特征.     

脉冲频率对TCGMAW熔滴过渡行为的影响

采用高速摄影与电信号小波分析研究了双丝共熔池熔化极气体保护焊（TCG-MAW）脉冲频率变化对焊接过程熔滴过渡方式和频率及焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,在文中焊接工艺参数下,脉冲频率较高（140 Hz）时,前丝熔滴过渡方式为射流过渡,后丝为射滴过渡;脉冲频率较低（40 Hz）时,前丝、后丝熔滴过渡方式均为射滴过渡;脉冲频率中等（60～100 Hz）时,前丝、后丝熔滴过渡方式均为射流过渡;脉冲频率在40～140 Hz变化时,前丝、后丝熔滴过渡基本上表现为一脉一滴形式.当脉冲频率大约在60～100 Hz变化时,焊缝成形较好.     

铝合金P-MIG焊接熔滴过渡研究

利用高速摄影和电信号采集系统对铝合金P-MIG焊接的熔滴过渡行为进行了观察,针对6061-T6试板进行了焊接工艺试验,分析了峰值电流、脉冲频率和电弧电压对熔滴过渡和焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,熔滴过渡随着峰值电流的降低由一脉一滴转变为两脉一滴,随着脉冲频率和电弧电压的增加,保持一脉一滴不变,对于2 mm厚的6061-T6铝合金试板,采用平均电流60 A、焊接速度35 cm/min、脉冲频率65 Hz时刚好可以焊透。     

双丝焊协同模式电弧特性研究

利用高速摄像、电信号采集系统记录了Fornius CMT TWIN设备四种协同模式下焊接5083铝合金时双丝焊接电流电压波形和熔滴过渡过程,并分析了电流电压波形的特征、弧长变化规律和熔滴过渡方式。结果表明,双脉冲模式时,前后丝脉冲段时间一致,脉冲频率主要由维弧段时间决定,熔滴过渡以射滴过渡为主;双CMT模式时,前丝由较长时间的类脉冲波段和较短时间的类CMT波段组成,熔滴过渡分别为射流过渡和短路过渡,后丝完全以CMT方式过渡,熔滴过渡以短路过渡为主;前丝脉冲+后丝CMT或前丝CMT+后丝脉冲混合模式中,CMT波形未发生变化,而脉冲波形的电流和电压产生波动。电流电压变化和熔滴过渡是造成弧长变化的重要影响因素。前丝脉冲模式时焊缝熔深和熔宽大,而后丝CMT模式时焊缝余高大。     

脉冲等离子-MIG复合焊熔滴过渡行为研究

将脉冲等离子电弧与MIG电弧同轴复合,期望利用等离子弧脉冲峰值电流产生的高速等离子射流冲击熔滴和熔池,促进熔滴过渡,同时增加焊缝熔深。开发了一套高速视觉与电信号精确同步的焊接数据采集系统,对脉冲等离子-MIG复合焊熔滴过渡行为进行研究。研究发现将等离子电流调制成脉冲波形,等离子弧对工件总体热输入下降,等离子峰值电流产生的等离子流力可以有效促进熔滴过渡。在此基础上深入分析了等离子脉冲峰值电流、脉冲宽度及熔滴在等离子弧过渡位置等参数对熔滴过渡的影响,获得了脉冲等离子-MIG复合焊一脉一滴过渡的工艺参数窗口。     

铝合金三丝双脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡及电信号分析

文中搭建了三丝双脉冲MIG焊系统,采用高速摄像电信号同步采集系统对焊接过程进行实时监测,研究了铝合金三丝双脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡行为以及双脉冲频率对焊缝成形的影响. 结果表明,弱脉冲向强脉冲过渡时,熔滴过渡表现为一脉一滴;强脉冲向弱脉冲过渡时,在开始阶段,焊丝发生再引燃,在结束阶段,熔滴过渡表现为两脉一滴;双脉冲频率增加,焊缝鱼鳞纹变密,双脉冲频率为3 Hz时,鱼鳞纹疏密均匀,焊缝成形最佳.     

M弧电流对Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊熔滴过渡形态影响

采用高速摄影技术对三电弧双丝电弧焊的熔滴过渡和焊接飞溅进行观察,分析金属型药芯焊丝在M弧电流变化时熔滴过渡的类型及飞溅产生的原因.结果表明,M弧电流为170 A时熔滴过渡形式有排斥过渡、颗粒过渡及细颗粒过渡,熔滴过渡不稳定.M弧电流为210 A时前丝和后丝熔滴过渡为大熔滴排斥过渡,三电弧同时出现,熔滴过渡稳定.M弧电流为260 A时前丝熔滴过渡为细颗粒过渡,后丝熔滴过渡为颗粒过渡,熔滴过渡较稳定.焊接飞溅产生的原因主要是脉冲切换改变了电弧力、斑点力及等离子流力,打破了原来的力系平衡.     

1. 佳木斯大学 材料科学与工程学院，佳木斯 154007; 2. 深圳瑞凌实业股份有限公司，深圳 163000; 3. 哈尔滨工业大学 先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001

采用高速摄影技术对三电弧双丝电弧焊的熔滴过渡和焊接飞溅进行观察,分析金属型药芯焊丝在M弧电流变化时熔滴过渡的类型及飞溅产生的原因. 结果表明,M弧电流为170 A时熔滴过渡形式有排斥过渡、颗粒过渡及细颗粒过渡,熔滴过渡不稳定. M弧电流为210 A时前丝和后丝熔滴过渡为大熔滴排斥过渡,三电弧同时出现,熔滴过渡稳定. M弧电流为260 A时前丝熔滴过渡为细颗粒过渡,后丝熔滴过渡为颗粒过渡,熔滴过渡较稳定. 焊接飞溅产生的原因主要是脉冲切换改变了电弧力、斑点力及等离子流力,打破了原来的力系平衡.     

低碳钢熔化极等离子弧焊接工艺

对Q235低碳钢进行熔化极等离子弧焊接工艺试验,并研究其工艺参数对焊缝成形和熔滴过渡的影响.结果表明,与常规的熔化极惰性气体保护焊相比熔化极等离子弧焊接在提高焊接效率、减少飞溅和气孔等方面具有优越性.当其它条件不变时,焊缝熔宽随等离子电流增大而变宽,而对熔深和熔滴过渡类型影响不大;熔化极等离子弧焊接电流增大时,U - I相图的线簇随着电流增大而集中,熔滴过渡依次为短路过渡、大滴过渡和射流过渡.     

脉冲电压峰值对双丝脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡及焊缝成形的影响

建立了双丝M IG焊工艺试验研究平台,该试验平台主要由Tandem型双丝焊系统、信号采集系统、高速摄像(摄影)系统以及脉冲控制系统等部分组成.在此基础上研究了脉冲电压峰值对双丝脉冲M IG焊熔滴过渡及焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,前丝脉冲峰值电压对熔滴过渡的影响比较显著.前丝脉冲峰值电压较低时,熔滴过渡形式为射滴过渡,前丝脉冲峰值电压较高时熔滴过渡形式为一脉一滴过渡形式,过大的前丝脉冲峰值电压的熔滴过渡形式为大滴过渡.前丝脉冲峰值电压越高,焊缝熔宽和熔深越大,过高的前丝脉冲峰值电压会导致焊缝表面质量恶化.     

Effect of pulse M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld forming

In view of the unstable welding process of Tri-Arc DE, surfacing test with Q235 steel plate was completed with the help of the self-built high-speed camera and waveform synchronous acquisition system using the Tri-Arc DE technology. The effects of pulsed M-Arc frequency on Tri-Arc DE droplet transfer and weld formation were analyzed. The results show that while the gradual increase of pulse frequency, the droplet transfer frequency gradually decreases, which is followed by several drops per pulse, one drop per pulse, and one drop within several pulses. The most ideal transfer form is one drop per pulse, of which the welding process is the most stable, and the quality of weld formation is the most satisfied.     

脉冲熔化极气体保护焊熔滴过渡电信号特征及建模

脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW-P)熔滴过渡形式对焊接质量有着重要的影响,同时脉冲参数是影响GMAW-P熔滴过渡行为的主要参数.利用高速数字摄像技术,记录熔滴过渡过程,同时采集焊接过程的电流、电压信号,并将各个信息传输到PC机中,实现数据的保存.综合分析熔滴过渡图片与对应的电信号的关系,提取了GMAW-P熔滴过渡过程特征电信号.通过统计分析建立了GMAW-P熔滴过渡逻辑回归模型.结果表明,此模型预测熔滴过渡的正确率达93%,为实现一脉一滴最佳脉冲熔滴过渡形式闭环控制开辟了新的途径.

Abstract：

Metal droplet transfer mode which is influenced by the pulse parameters such as pulse current ( I_p ) , pulse time ( t_p ) , base current ( I_b ) and pulse frequency (f) has play an important role in the weld quality. An experimental system based on the Lab VIEW virtual instrument and high speed photography technology was developed to sample the transient electrical parameters and record the images of droplet transfer process simultaneously. A transition voltage U_(dd) in the pulse voltage drop edge of electrical waveform was discovered according to analysis of synchronous electric and image signals. The relationship between the metal transfer mode and the slope of the transition voltage was proposed. The result of experiments shows that the model can be used in closed-loop controlling of one droplet per pulse transfer mode and also can help for optimizing the welding parameters.     

电弧熔丝脉冲GTAW熔滴过渡行为分析

提出了电弧熔丝脉冲GTAW焊接工艺,在非熔化极与工件之间的GTA电弧加入脉冲电流,不仅具有传热与传质分离和无飞溅等优点外,同时通过脉冲GTAW控制熔池熔深与形状,减小热影响区,减少合金元素的烧损.结果表明,随着焊丝距离工件高度的减小,熔滴过渡形式从大滴过渡转为无飞溅搭桥过渡,并且距离越近,熔滴过渡频率越快.当焊丝距离工件一定高度,焊接过程一脉一滴时,存在一个最优的频率可以实现最小的熔滴尺寸.     

超声-MIG焊熔滴过渡的数值模拟

基于流体力学和电磁学理论,通过添加超声振动和声辐射力条件,建立超声辅助的熔化极惰性气体保护焊(超声-MIG)熔滴过渡行为的数学模型。利用FLUNET软件模拟在不同焊接电流和超声振幅下熔滴长大、变形和脱落的过程。模拟结果显示,熔滴的轮廓变化和脱落时间与相关试验结果吻合较好;与常规MIG焊相比,在小电流条件下超声-MIG焊熔滴的脱落尺寸相对更小且过渡频率更快,而在大电流的条件下超声-MIG焊熔滴脱落时间和尺寸变化不太明显;超声-MIG焊熔滴脱落时间受超声振幅的影响,超声振幅的增大会在一定程度上使熔滴过渡周期缩短。     

GMAW-P焊后中值脉冲波形控制工艺

一脉一滴是GMAW-P焊最理想的一种过渡形式.为了获得这种过渡形式,需要焊接脉冲波控参数之间的良好配合.结合仿真与试验研究,从能量的观点研究了在后中值波形控制方法中两个关键脉冲参数--中值时间和中值电流对GMAW-P焊的影响.试验表明;当设置适当的中值电流和中值时间时,能向熔滴过渡过程提供合适的能量,有利于实现一脉一滴,熔滴过渡过程的可控性好,焊接过程稳定,焊缝质量好.     

An analysis of butt joints in a railway viaduct

Summary

Undercut and/or humping are generated when the arc length in high-speed pulsed MAG welding is too high, and spatter is generated if it is too low. Refinement of the droplets from the wire and simultaneous maintenance of one droplet transfer per pulse avoid short-circuiting in a short arc and enable spatter and highspeed/high-efficiency welding to be rendered compatible with each other. The requirements are to maintain a stable droplet shape during one droplet transfer per pulse, to maximise the welding speed limit without spatter generation, and to develop a technology for arc length shortening at the limit of short-circuiting by wire droplet refinement as objectives basically centred on pulsed MAG welding. This paper describes an investigation of the factors controlling droplet transfer through a division being made into the driving force imparted to the droplets and the deformability of the weld metal receiving this force as well as a method of droplet refinement based on resolution of these aspects. Through the simple rectangular wave pulse of a high peak current being set for a short time using an inverter-type pulsed power source at a constant wire diameter to increase the electromagnetic pinch force, one droplet transfer per pulse is possible on condition that the droplet volume is reduced by around 30% as compared with that obtained using a conventional power source with a chopping transistor on the secondary side. To increase the droplet deformability, the wire composition can be changed to achieve one droplet transfer per pulse on condition that the droplet volume is reduced by 20%. These droplets also show the same surface tension as conventional droplets as well as a lower viscosity coefficient. Through a combination of a pulsed current waveform and improved wire properties, the droplet volume can be reduced to around one half that of conventional droplets. The critical speed of spatter- and defect-free welding is then increased as an improvement immediately applicable on an actual automotive mass production line.     

激光-MIG电弧的复合作用及对熔滴过渡的影响

试验研究激光与MIG电弧的相互影响与相互作用,以及激光的加入对MIG电弧形态与熔滴过渡形式的影响.搭建了YAG激光-脉冲MIG电弧复合焊接试验系统,进行了焊接试验并同步采集了焊接过程中的电信号和高速摄像图片信号.通过分析电信号和高速摄像图片可以发现,对于一脉一滴的焊接过程,加入激光后熔滴过渡形式由一脉一滴变为两脉一滴过...