耐温抗盐AM/AA/AMC_(12)S共聚物的合成及性能评价

以1-十二烯、丙烯腈和发烟硫酸为原料制备了2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷磺酸(AMC12S),在此基础上又以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)和AMC12S为原料合成了水溶性三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S。设计了一组正交实验,考察了单体总质量分数、AMC12S含量、引发剂含量、AM∶AA值以及温度等对共聚反应的影响,确定了三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S的最佳合成条件为:总单体质量分数为24%、AMC12S质量分数为0.04%、引发剂质量分数为0.1%、AM∶AA=7.0∶3.0、反应温度为40℃。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S进行了表征。讨论了共聚物的黏浓关系、耐温、抗盐等性能。结果表明,共聚物的增粘性远大于HPAM;90℃条件下共聚物的黏度保留率为45.0%,高于HPAM;氯化钠浓度为80 000 mg/L时,黏度保留率为14.6%,氯化镁或氯化钙浓度为2 000 mg/L时,粘度保留率分别为14.4%,12.5%。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)相比,该共聚物具有良好的耐温抗盐性能。     

一种疏水缔合聚合物的合成及溶液性能

将十八烷基-二甲基甲代烯丙基氯化铵(C18DMMAAC)作为疏水单体,与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)在水溶液中通过自由基聚合得到疏水缔合聚合物HAPAM-18,通过1HNMR和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。最佳的聚合反应条件为:n(AM)∶n(AA)∶n(C18DMMAAC)=74.94∶25∶0.06,AA的摩尔中和度为95%,单体总质量分数为20%,引发剂质量分数为0.05%(以单体总质量计),温度45℃,反应时间12 h。研究表明,聚合物溶液的临界缔合质量浓度为2 g/L;聚合物溶液对温度较为敏感,80℃时黏度保留率为70.93%;聚合物溶液仍为剪切变稀的假塑性流体,但表现出良好的抗剪切性能,剪切1 h后黏度保留率达115%;由于设计为含较多阴离子的聚合物,该聚合物的抗盐性较差。     

驱油用水溶性AM-AA-NVP-DAMA四元共聚物的合成及性能

由1,3-丙二胺和马来酸酐制备的功能单体(DAMA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)共聚制备出了一种水溶性AM-AA-NVP-DAMA四元共聚物。共聚反应的条件为:m(AM)∶m(AA)=3∶2,引发剂质量分数0.5%,反应温度40℃,反应时间8 h,pH=7.0。利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁(1HNMR)以及扫描电镜(SEM)对该共聚物进行了表征。性能研究表明,该共聚物在95℃下的黏度保留率比部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)高16.2%;在质量分数1.8%NaCl条件下的黏度保留率比HPAM高8.7%;在质量分数0.09%CaCl2条件下的黏度保留率比HPAM高9.4%;经过500 s-1剪切5 min后的黏度保留率比HPAM高16.3%;60℃下质量分数0.2%共聚物溶液提高的采收率比HPAM高5.07%。     

改性β-环糊精共聚物稠化酸的合成与评价

以马来酸酐(MAH)和β-环糊精(β-CD)为原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,经醇解反应合成了乙烯基β-环糊精单体(MAH-β-CD)。以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)及合成的MAH-β-CD为单体,通过自由基水溶液聚合法制备了一种四元共聚物(PAADM)。通过单因素变量法得出四元共聚物最优制备条件为:m(MAH-β-CD)∶m(AM)∶m(AMPS)∶m(DMDAAC)=1∶69∶20∶10,引发剂用量为0.4%(占单体总质量),反应温度45℃,单体质量分数20%,反应时间6 h,p H=7。通过红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱及核磁氢谱对共聚物进行了结构表征,表明合成的聚合物即为目标产物。聚合物的性能评价结果表明,质量分数为0.8%的PAADM在盐酸(质量分数20%)中的酸溶时间为100 min;PAADM与PDMC稠化酸比较结果显示,PAADM稠化酸有较好的热稳定性及缓速性能,并且该稠化酸抗剪切性能和配伍性良好。     

丙烯酰胺共聚物乳液增稠剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(SAMPS)为聚合单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用反相乳液聚合法,合成了微交联型丙烯酰胺共聚物乳液。当n(AM)∶n(SAMPS)=3∶2,MBA为单体总质量的0.08%,过硫酸铵为单体总质量的0.03%,异丙醇为单体总质量的0.3%,亚硫酸氢钠为单体总质量的0.06%时,合成产物具有优良的增稠性能和耐电解质性能。测试结果表明,质量分数1%的聚合物水溶液黏度大于1.0×105mPa.s,质量分数1.2%的聚合物水溶液在质量分数0.1%氯化镁和氯化钠存在时的黏度保持率分别为32.76%和24.66%。另外该聚合物乳液的残留丙烯酰胺(2 mg/kg,反相时间(15 s。     

耐温抗盐AM/AA/AMC_(12)S共聚物的合成及性能评价

以1-十二烯、丙烯腈和发烟硫酸为原料制备了2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷磺酸(AMC12S),在此基础上又以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)和AMC12S为原料合成了水溶性三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S。设计了一组正交实验,考察了单体总质量分数、AMC12S含量、引发剂含量、AM∶AA值以及温度等对共聚反应的影响,确定了三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S的最佳合成条件为:总单体质量分数为24%、AMC12S质量分数为0.04%、引发剂质量分数为0.1%、AM∶AA=7.0∶3.0、反应温度为40℃。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S进行了表征。讨论了共聚物的黏浓关系、耐温、抗盐等性能。结果表明,共聚物的增粘性远大于HPAM;90℃条件下共聚物的黏度保留率为45.0%,高于HPAM;氯化钠浓度为80 000 mg/L时,黏度保留率为14.6%,氯化镁或氯化钙浓度为2 000 mg/L时,粘度保留率分别为14.4%,12.5%。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)相比,该共聚物具有良好的耐温抗盐性能。     

两性离子聚合物的合成与性能研究

采用氧化还原引发剂和偶氮类引发剂组成复合引发体系,引发两性离子单体(DMAPS)与丙烯酰胺(AM)在盐溶液中进行自由基共聚合反应,获得了甜菜碱型两性离子共聚物P(AM-DMAPS)。采用红外光谱对共聚物进行表征。考察了单体总质量分数、引发剂用量、引发剂各组分摩尔比、反应温度等因素对聚合反应的影响。获得最佳反应条件:单体总质量分数30%,引发剂用量0.025%,反应温度20℃,氧化还原引发剂组分与偶氮引发剂组分的摩尔比1∶3。     

疏水聚合物Mannich碱的合成及溶液性能

将增黏用碳五石油树脂(C_5)作为疏水单体,与丙烯酰胺(AM)聚合反应得到AM/C_5二元共聚物,通过胺甲基化反应制得疏水聚合物Mannich碱。考察了单体质量比、引发剂用量、反应温度以及pH对聚合反应的影响;讨论了反应时间、反应温度以及溶液pH对Mannich碱溶液表观黏度的影响。采用FTIR、~1HNMR对产品进行结构表征,并对产品性能进行分析。结果表明,最佳聚合条件为:反应温度40℃,pH=8,引发剂用量为0.5%(以单体质量计),丙烯酰胺与碳五石油树脂的质量比为15∶1。当反应时间为5 h,温度60~70℃,pH=9,丙烯酰胺、甲醛、二甲胺的物质的量比为1∶1.1∶1.5,Mannich碱溶液黏度达到最佳(418 m Pa·s)。温度为90℃时,Mannich碱的黏度保留率为43.3%;当加入的NaCl、CaCl_2的质量浓度均为2 000 mg/L时,其黏度保留率分别为32.8%、21.7%。该Mannich碱具有较好的增黏、耐温及耐盐性。     

AM/AMPS共聚物的合成与耐温抗盐性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,采用氧化还原引发体系在水溶液中合成二元共聚物。结果表明:采用(NH4)2S2O8/NaHSO2CH2OH引发剂,AMPS与AM单体总质量分数25%,二者质量比3∶7,引发剂占单体总量的质量分数0.09%,其中氧化剂与还原剂质量比4∶1,pH=6,反应温度20℃时,AM/AMPS共聚物表观黏度最高,与工业部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM,3 500万)相比具有更好的耐温抗盐性能。     

AA-AMPS共聚物陶瓷分散剂的制备及分散性能

以丙烯酸和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-丙烷磺酸(AMPS)为单体,过硫酸铵(NH4)2S2O8作为引发剂,次亚磷酸氢钠作为链转移剂,通过自由基聚合反应合成共聚物PAA-AMPS。探讨了不同反应条件对共聚物分散性能的影响,共聚物分散剂PAA-AMPS的最佳合成条件为:丙烯酸(AA)与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-丙烷磺酸(AMPS)的摩尔比为8∶1;引发剂(NH4)2S2O8用量为单体总质量的1%;链转移剂次亚磷酸氢钠的用量为单体总质量的10%;单体质量分数为24%;反应温度85℃。通过FTIR、GPC及1HNMR等手段对共聚物的结构及相对分子质量及其分布进行了表征,并对添加不同量分散剂的料浆的黏度进行研究。结果表明,聚合物质量分数为0.3%,料浆的黏度最低,与进口产品PC-67(PAA-Na)相比,共聚物PAA-AMPS的分散效果更好。     

Binodal and spinodal curves: a simulation for various high polymer mixtures

Flory's equation-of-state theory has been used to predict the lower critical solution temperature behaviour of polymer—polymer mixtures. The spinodal phase boundary of numbers of high molecular weight polymer mixtures have been previously simulated using this theory. In this paper a procedure for simultaneous predictions of the binodal and the spinodal curves by equating the chemical potential of each component in the mixture is presented. The method is tested for five different mixtures. The effects of the binary and pure component state parameters on the simulated curves are discussed and the simulated phase diagrams are compared with the experimental cloud point curves. It is found that in most cases the results are more consistent with the cloud point curve being closer to the spinodal curve than the binodal.     

Dynamics of polymers in solution and melts

Simple models of polymer dynamics are available in dilute solution, moderate concentrations and melts, since it is possible to make models of the motion in these cases. A series of power laws result which fit well with computer simulation. It is more difficult to derive these models directly from sensible equations of motion, but progress in this direction is reported in the paper.     

芳香族电子导电聚合物的研究进展

主链型芳香族聚合物具有热稳定性高、化学稳定性好、质地轻且牢固以及良好的加工成型性等优点，其作为导电聚合物材料的应用正受到人们越来越多的关注。本文综述了芳香族电子导电聚合物的研究进展，并指出存在问题和解决方法。     

Effect of the Extrusion Process on the Bactericidal Performance of Biocidal Polypropylene Catheters

This work concerns polypropylene biocidal catheters that incorporate the triclosan molecule. Many studies have applied triclosan as a bactericidal agent in the polymeric matrix but without considering the effect of processing on the biocidal properties. Using the optimal temperature and shear rate during the extrusion process can promote the best microbiological response for a biocidal catheter. Catheters were processed using a linear extruder while systematically varying the triclosan content, processing temperature and screw velocity. A diffusion test in agar and an evaluation of the chemical structure of the polypropylene and triclosan using FTIR were used to characterize the bactericidal properties.     

Analysis of asymmetric morphology evolutions in iPP molded samples induced by uneven temperature field

Mold surface temperature has a strong effect on the amount of molecular orientation and morphology developed in a non‐isothermal flowing polymer melt. In this work, a well‐characterized isotactic polypropylene was injected in a rectangular mold cavity asymmetrically conditioned by a thin electric heater specifically designed. The cavity surface was heated at temperatures ranging from 80 to 160°C for different times (0.5, 8, and 18 s) after the first contact with the polymer. Asymmetrical thermal conditions have a strong influence on the melt flow, by changing its distribution along the cavity thickness, and final part deformation. The morphology distribution of the molded samples was found strongly asymmetric with complex and peculiar features. Optical and Electron microscopy confirmed the complete reorganization of the crystalline structures along the sample thickness. X‐rays analysis reveals that molecular orientation of the sample surface decreases with the mold temperature and the heating time. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2699–2712, 2016     

Preparation and characterization of polynaphthyl amine (PNA) as a novel conducting polymer

A series of polynaphthyl amine (PNA) were prepared in acetone/water mixture (v/v) using different concentrations of potassium persulfate as an initiator in presence and in absence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a surface active agent. Polymers of various physical properties were prepared. The physical properties of PNA using different concentrations of potassium persulfate in presence and in absence of PVA were given. The specific conductance of the prepared polymers was found to be 0.055 ohm cm, 0.145 ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 0.083 ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹, at 3, 1.5, and 0.75% of potassium persulfate, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analysis was carried out to the sample having the highest specific conductance. The confirmation of the prepared PNA was carried out using UV and IR spectrophotometry. Finally PNA showed good air stability and excellent solubility in organic solvents differing from that of polyaniline. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 988–992, 2000     

The glass temperature of polymer blends

The entropy theory of glasses is used to derive the glass temperature, T_g, of a binary polymer blend in terms of the glass temperatures of the two substituents. The formula is T_g = B₁T_g1 + B₂T_g2, where B_i is the fraction of flexible bonds of substituent i. A bond is flexible if rotation about it changes the shape of the molecule. Bonds in side groups as well as in the backbone are to be counted. This formula assumes that the free volume, taken here to be the volume fraction of empty lattice sites, is the same for each of the three materials. It has no parameters. The above equation expressed in weight fractions, W_i, is (T_g − T_g1)W₁(γ₁/ω₁) + (T_g − T_g2)W₂(γ₂/ω₂) = 0, where ω_i is the weight of a monomer unit and gg_i is the number of flexible bonds per monomer unit. A more general treatment is given. One variation of the more general treatment which expresses the properties of the blend in purely additive terms gives T_g = B₁T_g1 + B₂T_g2 + KB₁B₂(T_g1 − T_g2)(V₀₁ − V₀₂), where V_0i are the free volume fractions of the homopolymers at their glass temperatures and K is a constant. The added term is usually small. The most general form of the equation requires the energy of interaction between the two unlike molecules, which can be estimated by volume measurements on the blend.     

荧光高分子应用研究进展

介绍了荧光高分子近年来在理论研究中与作为一种新型功能材料在实际中的应用研究进展。在理论研究中 ,它主要是以荧光探针技术来研究聚合物的微相动力学和构象 ,聚合物相转移和聚集行为 ,聚合物能量转移及光聚合过程。它作为功能材料 ,主要用于荧光化学传感器、非线性光学装置中 ,以及用作光导树脂等材料。     

Synthesis and characterization of azo‐based acrylate polymers for use as nonlinear optical materials

In this work, high molecular weight azo polymers were synthesized by incorporating the azo monomer into a base polymer through their reactive functional groups. Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid (with varying concentrations of carboxylic acid group) were synthesized. These were then reacted with epoxy‐terminated azo molecule by carboxylic acid–epoxy reaction. The functionalized systems show excellent film homogeneity and optical clarity. The series of copolymers were characterized using FTIR, NMR, UV–vis spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The polymer films coated on ITO glass slides were poled and their order parameters were calculated to check the stability of oriented dipoles. Temporal stability, checked up to 120 h under ambient conditions, was found to be excellent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 425–431, 2007     

Recent Progress in Smart Polymers: Behavior,Mechanistic Understanding and Application

Polymers that bear reversible massive, physical or chemical changes in response to little peripheral changes within the environmental conditions are Smart polymers, having versatility and tunable sensitivity. They have very promising applications in the biomedical field. This study will delve into the underlying principles along with entire features of these sensitive polymers and their most current and relevant applications to solve biological problems.