低聚果糖与小麦纤维--复合膳食纤维调节肠道菌群作用的研究

对低聚果糖与小麦纤维复合膳食纤维调节肠道菌群作用进行研究,研究方法依照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范-2003版》之“调节肠道菌群作用检验方法”。结果表明,该复合膳食纤维产品,在15d动物实验和14d人体实验中,双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量均有极显著增加,摄入该复合膳食纤维产品具有调节肠道菌群的保健作用。     

膳食蛋白质摄入情况与妊娠期糖尿病关系的研究进展

目的：综述膳食中蛋白质的来源与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)关系的研究进展,为预防和改善GDM提供科学依据。方法：通过查阅国内外相关文献,总结膳食中总蛋白质、动物蛋白质、植物蛋白质的摄入情况与GDM的关系。结果：多数研究得出膳食中总蛋白质的量的摄入与GDM的发生无关,而膳食蛋白质的来源可能与GDM发生风险有关,膳食中动物蛋白质的摄入量的减少,植物蛋白质摄入量的增加可能有利于降低GDM的发生风险。结论：目前膳食蛋白质来源与GDM关系的研究结果仍不一致,期待未来有研究进一步探讨膳食蛋白质来源与GDM关系。     

低聚果糖与小麦纤维——复合膳食纤维调节肠道菌群作用的研究

对低聚果糖与小麦纤维复合膳食纤维调节肠道菌群作用进行研究,研究方法依照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范-2003版》之“调节肠道菌群作用检验方法”。结果表明,该复合膳食纤维产品,在15d动物实验和14d人体实验中,双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量均有极显著增加,摄入该复合膳食纤维产品具有调节肠道菌群的保健作用。      

膳食中氧化蛋白对机体健康影响的研究进展

蛋白质作为人体七大营养素之一,对维持机体健康起着关键作用。目前蛋白质摄入的增加和食物的高加工率不可避免地会增加人体氧化蛋白的摄入,而越来越多的研究发现,摄入氧化蛋白会对人体健康,如机体肠道健康、氧化应激和器官功能等均有一定的负面影响。本文阐述了膳食中氧化蛋白与机体氧化应激之间的联系,概述了膳食中蛋白质氧化的产生途径及机理,并对膳食氧化蛋白与机体健康的关系进行了探讨,以期为膳食蛋白与机体健康关系的研究提供理论参考。     

糖类、脂类与优生——(营养与优生之二)

糖类又名碳水化合物或醣,是我国膳食中主要供给热量的营养素,一般可占膳食中热量的60～80%.我国人民日常膳食中的热量主要靠粮食中的淀粉来供给.孕妇如果过量摄入纯淀粉及纯糖食物,如米粉、藕粉、淀粉、粉丝、葡萄糖、蔗糖、水果糖、麦芽糖等,可影响其它营养素的摄入,对胎儿不利.     

运动员膳食摄入与运动伤害的关系研究

运动员的膳食营养是影响运动表现和运动伤害的重要因素,合理的膳食摄入可以提高运动员的身体机能,增强抗疲劳能力,预防和恢复运动伤害。本文从运动员膳食能量摄入、饮食习惯、膳食营养素等方面分析了它们与运动伤害的关系,并提出了运动员膳食摄入的优化策略,旨在为运动员的膳食营养管理提供参考。     

新时期高职学生膳食营养与体育训练干预与指导研究

当前高职院校学生身体素质令人担忧,在进行体育训练时,贫血、头晕等现象频现。研究发现,高职院校学生的身体素质与膳食营养及体育训练有直接关系。本文从高职院校膳食营养与体育训练入手,阐释膳食营养与体育训练的关系,并进一步分析膳食营养对体育训练的干预作用,提出要强化体育运动者在体育训练中摄入膳食营养的意识、在体育训练中遵循膳食营养摄入原则、树立正确的体育运动理念以及选择合适的烹饪方式等措施,为高职院校学生膳食营养与体育训练指导提供参考,以期更好地通过体育运动提升学生身体素质。     

膳食脂肪摄入与慢性病相关性的研究进展

膳食中脂肪的摄入水平与慢性非传染性疾病的发生关系密切,倍受国内外学者的关注,本文对膳食脂肪摄入与慢性非传染性疾病关系的研究进展予以综述。     

乳母膳食营养素摄入量与母乳渗透压的关系研究

目的：了解产后不同阶段母乳渗透压的变化及其与乳母膳食营养素摄入状况的关系。方法：对北京市顺义区的120例哺乳妇女进行问卷调查和膳食调查,计算每日膳食营养素摄入量,采用STY-2型渗透压摩尔浓度测定仪检测所收集母乳样品的渗透压,采用单因素方差分析比较产后4个阶段母乳渗透压的差异,采用多元回归分析分析乳母膳食营养素摄入情况与母乳渗透压的关系。结果：产后5d、10d、50d乳母三大营养素中蛋白质和脂肪的摄入量占总能量的比例偏高,而碳水化合物的摄入摄入量占总能量的比例偏低,多数矿物质和维生素的摄入量有不同程度的缺乏;膳食钾、铁、叶酸摄入量与渗透压呈正相关关系（P〈0．05）,而维生素B2、维生素C、维生素E、硒、锰摄入量与渗透压呈负相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论：乳母膳食营养素摄入量与母乳渗透压之间存在统计学相关性,但尚需进一步研究和讨论。     

使人快乐的食物

正多项研究发现,肌体肠道菌群和抑郁、焦虑和压力之间存在关联,甚至肠道菌群会影响肌体的睡眠。研究认为,改善失调的肠道菌群与新陈代谢,除需要摄入富含双歧杆菌等益生菌制品,补充低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖等益生元增殖益生菌外,还必须检测菌群和中枢神经系统功能,针对性地采用平衡膳食和益生菌干预。     

中国45岁及以上居民膳食果糖与血脂异常的关系研究

利用2010—2012年中国营养与健康状况监测数据，对27 265名45岁及以上居民膳食果糖摄入量与血脂指标及血脂异常的关系进行分析。男性人群血清总胆固醇（Total Cholesterol, TC）、甘油三酯(triglycerides, TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)水平低于女性，而膳食果糖的摄入量高于女性，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。在男性人群中，随着膳食果糖摄入量四分位水平的增加，血清TG浓度升高而HDL-C浓度下降，趋势检验具有统计学意义（P趋势 < 0.001）。在女性人群中仅发现血清TG水平随膳食果糖摄入量四分位水平的增加而升高（P趋势 < 0.001）。调整混杂因素后，在男性人群中，与膳食果糖摄入量第一分位相比，第三分位（OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03~1.33）、第四分位（OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.08~1.43）低HDL-C血症的发生风险增加；在女性人群中，膳食果糖的摄入量与高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症、混合型高脂血症及血脂异常的发生风险无关（P > 0.05）。膳食果糖对血脂指标及血脂异常的影响可能存在性别差异。     

Evidence-based review on the effect of normal dietary consumption of fructose on blood lipids and body weight of overweight and obese individuals

Although some investigators have hypothesized that ingestion of fructose from foods and beverages is responsible for the development of hyperlipidemia or obesity, a recent evidence-based review demonstrated that there was no relationship between the consumption of fructose in a normal dietary manner and the development of hyperlipidemia or increased weight in normal weight individuals. Because overweight and obese individuals may exhibit metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipedemia, and/or alterations in gut hormones involved in appetite regulation, the findings of fructose studies performed in normal weight subjects may not be particularly relevant for overweight or obese subjects. A systematic assessment of the strength and quality of the studies and their relevance for overweight or obese humans ingesting fructose in a normal dietary manner has not been performed. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the existing database for a causal relationship between the ingestion of fructose in a normal, dietary manner and the development of hyperlipidemia or increased body weight in overweight or obese humans, using an evidence-based approach. The results of the analysis indicate that there is no evidence which shows that the consumption of fructose at normal levels of intake causes biologically relevant changes in triglycerides (TG) or body weight in overweight or obese individuals.     

Fructose malabsorption and intolerance: effects of fructose with and without simultaneous glucose ingestion

Concern exists that increasing fructose consumption, particularly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup, is resulting in increasing rates of fructose intolerance and aggravation of clinical symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. Most clinical trials designed to test this hypothesis have used pure fructose, a form not commonly found in the food supply, often in quantities and concentrations that exceed typical fructose intake levels. In addition, the amount of fructose provided in tests for malabsorption, which is thought to be a key cause of intolerance, often exceeds the normal physiological absorption capacity for this sugar. To help health professionals accurately identify and treat this condition, this article reviews clinical data related to understanding fructose malabsorption and intolerance (i.e., malabsorption that manifests with symptoms) relative to usual fructose and other carbohydrate intake. Because simultaneous consumption of glucose attenuates fructose malabsorption, information on the fructose and glucose content of foods, beverages, and ingredients representing a variety of food categories is provided.     

Is dietary intake associated with salt taste function and perception in adults? A systematic review

Salt is commonly used in food processing and as a flavour enhancer. Dietary salt intake often exceeds the recommended levels and high intake is associated with several health concerns such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to examine if individuals’ salt taste function and perception is associated with dietary intake. Interventional studies were excluded in order to investigate the taste-diet relationships of free-living individuals. The systematic literature search was conducted in five electronic databases and twenty articles that reported on salt taste function and perception, as well as dietary intake, were identified and included. Of these, eleven studies measured salt taste sensitivity as detection and/or recognition thresholds, seven measured salt taste intensity, and twelve assessed hedonic ratings (preference or liking). Based on the studies included in this review, salt taste sensitivity and intensity ratings were poorly associated with dietary intake. Hedonic ratings, on the other hand, were relatively more predictive of dietary intake. Considerable variations in the methods used in salt taste and dietary intake assessment were noted, which may explain the lack of taste-diet associations or inconsistent findings between studies. Although definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, this review suggests that a simple tool that assesses salt taste hedonic ratings may be a useful strategy to identify individuals who consume high levels of salt in a clinical setting and subsequently inform the selection of strategies to improve dietary salt intake in these individuals. Future studies investigating taste-diet relationship should emphasise high quality methodology and adequate statistical power for robust outcomes.     

Farm to Sensory Lab: Taste of Blueberry Fruit by Children and Adults

The average American child eats fewer fruits than recommended. Although taste is the primary motivator for food intake among children, little research has systematically measured children's liking of fruit and determined whether their preferences differ from adults. We phenotyped 49 children and their mothers to determine: (1) their liking of the taste of 3 blueberry cultivars (“Arcadia,” “Keecrisp,” and “Kestrel”) from 2 harvests for which total soluble solids were determined using a handheld Brix refractometer; (2) the association between liking and blueberry sugar content; and (3) the most preferred level of fructose, one of the primary sugars in blueberry fruit. Multiple methods, identical for all participants, assessed which cultivar they liked best. Dietary intake, determined via 24‐h dietary recall, revealed most children (73%) and adults (92%) did not meet dietary guidelines for fruit intake. We found that during the 1st harvest, Keecrisp was sweeter by 4° Brix than either Arcadia or Kestrel and was the cultivar most preferred by both children and adults. For the 2nd harvest, mothers liked each of the cultivars equally, but children preferred Arcadia, which was 2° Brix sweeter than the other 2 cultivars. Like other sugars, children's most preferred concentration of fructose was significantly higher than that of adults. In sum, children appear to be more sensitive to smaller variations in sweetness than are adults. Identifying drivers of fruit preference and assessing children's liking for whole fruits are important steps in developing strategies to increase fruit consumption among children.     

Study of dietary habits and its relation with cardiovascular disease risk factors with help of specialization computers programme

Specialization computers programme investigation of dietary risk factors in organized population of universities employers revealed high abundance of this behavior chronic disease risk factors: disturbances of dietary regimen, high salt intake, high intake of saturated fats (butter) and eggs. The study showed significant relationship between abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol also was significantly higher in persons with abdominal obesity.     

Nutrition and magnesium absorption: a review.

This paper reviews the evidence that certain dietary components can affect intestinal absorption of magnesium. Increased intakes of protein and fructose improve apparent magnesium absorption (magnesium intake minus fecal excretion) in humans, whereas a lowering effect occurs with consumption of cellulose and phytate. Although dietary concentrations of lactose, fat, calcium and phosphate have clear effects on magnesium absorption in experiments with rats, the impact of these nutrients on magnesium absorption in humans remains unsettled. Mechanisms underlying the effects of dietary components on magnesium absorption in humans are generally poorly understood. A change in magnesium absorption not necessarily results in a change in magnesium retention. When consuming practical diets, the fall of apparent magnesium absorption caused by phytate and cellulose is generally compensated by increased magnesium intake due to high magnesium concentrations in phytate- and cellulose-rich products. Furthermore, to maintain homeostasis, urinary magnesium excretion will be raised after stimulation of apparent magnesium absorption and it will be lowered after impairment of apparent magnesium absorption. Thus, the effects of dietary components on magnesium absorption probably are critically important only at low intakes of magnesium. At low magnesium intakes, differences in magnesium absorption may be expected to influence magnesium retention and thus can either induce or abolish magnesium deficiency.     

Dietary fibre intake in eastern Croatia as determined by an enzymatic-gravimetric method in duplicated portions

The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of dietary fibre (DF) in an urban adult sample in eastern Croatia. Forty five people (28 women and 17 men) took part in the investigation based on duplicate diet study. An enzymatic-gravimetric method was used to determine the content of total, as well as soluble and insoluble DF in duplicated portions. The mean total dietary fibre (TDF) intake for all subjects was 30.0 g/day, which is quite adequate with regard to recommendations and intakes reported from other countries. A relationship of DF intake with certain physical and socio-economic parameters (age, body mass index, education level, income per household member) of those taking part was examined. TDF intake was also found to be significantly influenced by season in this group of people, as the mean intake for the summer period was 21% higher than the winter period.     

饮食与新冠病毒感染的研究进展

COVID-19新型冠状病毒是以前从未发现的线性单链的RNA冠状病毒。COVID-19世界范围内大流行带来了无数经济、政治、社会后果,尤其是人类健康后果。饮食在新冠病毒感染风险和症状严重程度的作用正在凸显。大量证据表明,均衡健康的饮食模式可以减少COVID-19感染及重症的风险。该文就国内外饮食与新冠病毒感染风险及严重程度研究进行汇总,指出益生菌或益生元、膳食纤维、十字花科蔬菜、维生素C和膳食多酚的膳食模式是COVID-19感染及重症的保护因素;而过加工食品和高糖（果糖、葡萄糖）高脂高蛋白饮食模式是新冠病毒感染的风险因素。该文提倡的饮食模式可能为通过饮食干预预防或治疗新冠病毒感染提供指导。