多排纵向涡发生器强化竖直平板自然对流换热的实验研究

对多排纵向涡发生器对竖直平板自然对流的强化效果进行了研究。结果表明，在一定Rayleigh数范围内，直角三角翼纵向涡发生器的翼高、翼宽以及多排布置的阵列方式是影响强化换热的主要因素。在高宽比一定的情况下，存在最佳翼高。发现多排布置时LVG阵列方式的不同会影响换热效果；且要使得整个板的强化换热效果达到最佳，应选择沿竖直发热板长度方向间隔的布置多排LVG，并适当拉大间隔距离。     

Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement in the vertical nature convection by using delta‐winglet longitudinal vortex generators

This paper focuses on the study of heat transfer enhancement in natural vertical convection by using delta‐winglet longitudinal vortex generators. In the experimental range of Rayleigh numbers, the effect of attack angle, height, and width of the winglet of longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) on heat transfer performance was experimentally investigated. The results showed that there was an optimal attack angle and that the height and width can affect the heat transfer. In terms of array performance, it was shown that initial arrays could enhance the performance of later arrays. Moreover, the effects of LVG and low rectangular fins were compared. The results showed that the effect of LVGs was greater than that of low rectangular fins. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(6): 402–409, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20126     

Influence of inclination angle,attack angle,and arrangement of rectangular vortex generators on heat transfer performance

We have studied the enhancement of heat transfer by vortex generators. Experiments were performed on rectangular‐type vortex generators mounted on a parallel‐plate heater, and the heat transfer coefficient of the heater surface and pressure drop in the duct were measured. These measurements indicated that a rectangular vortex generator (called a double‐inclined winglet), with inclination angle of the vortex generator surface to the heater surface (β) at 60°, and the attack angle to the flow direction (γ) at 45°, maximizes the local Nusselt number of the heater surface. It was also found that a group of double‐inclined winglets has an optimal arrangement in a winglet array, longitudinal pitch and transverse pitch, that maximizes the ratio [Colburn's dimensionless heat transfer coefficient J_H]/[friction factor f]. The results of numerical calculations showed that the double‐inclined winglet was superior to the conventional rectangular vortex generator in heat transfer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(3): 253–267, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10089     

Investigation on laminar convection heat transfer in fin-and-tube heat exchanger in aligned arrangement with longitudinal vortex generator from the viewpoint of field synergy principle

3-D numerical simulation results are presented for laminar flow heat transfer of the fin-and-tube surface with vortex generators. The effects of Reynolds number (from 800 to 2000), the attack angle (30° and 45°) of delta winglet vortex generator are examined. The numerical results are analyzed from the viewpoint of field synergy principle. It is found that the inherent mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex can be explained by the field synergy principle, the second flow generated by the vortex generators results in the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradient. In addition, the heat transfer enhancement of delta winglet with the attack angle of 45° is larger than that of 30°, while the delta winglet with the attack angle of 45° results in an increase of the pressure drop, however, the delta winglet with the attack angle of 30° results in a slight decrease.     

纵向涡强化竖直平板自然对流换热的实验研究

对纵向涡强化竖直平板自然对流换热进行了实验研究。结果表明，在一定的Rayleigh数范围内，直角三角翼纵向涡发生器的攻角、翼高、翼宽等几何参数是影响强化换热的主要因素。存在最佳攻角；宽高比一定时，翼高和翼宽的变化会影响换热的效果。发现在直角三角翼阵列中前排直角三角翼产生的纵向涡可以强化后排直角三角翼纵向涡的换热。将直角三角翼与矩形低肋换热表面的性能作了对比性实验，在其他条件相同的情况下，直角三角翼强化换热的效果优于矩形低肋。     

Numerical study on laminar convection heat transfer in a rectangular channel with longitudinal vortex generator. Part A: Verification of field synergy principle

This study presents numerical computation results on laminar convection heat transfer in a rectangular channel with a pair of rectangular winglets longitudinal vortex generator punched out from the lower wall of the channel. The effect of the punched holes and the thickness of the rectangular winglet pair to the fluid flow and heat transfer are numerically studied. It is found that the case with punched holes has more heat transfer enhancement in the region near to the vortex generator and lower average flow frictional coefficient compared with the case without punched holes. The thickness of rectangular winglet can cause less heat transfer enhancement in the region near to the vortex generator and almost has no significant effect on the total pressure drop of the channel. The effects of Reynolds number (from 800 to 3000), the attack angle of vortex generator (15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) were examined. The numerical results were analyzed from the viewpoint of field synergy principle. It was found that the essence of heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex can be explained very well by the field synergy principle, i.e., when the second flow generated by vortex generators results in the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradient, the heat transfer in the present channels will be enhanced. Longitudinal vortices (LVs) improve the synergy between velocity and temperature field not only in the region near LVG but also in the large downstream region of longitudinal vortex generator. So LVs enable to enhance the global heat transfer of channel. Transverse vortices (TVs) only improve the synergy in the region near VG. So TVs can only enhance the local heat transfer of channel.     

Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

Three-dimensional numerical simulation results are presented for a fin-and-tube heat transfer surface with vortex generators. The effects of the Reynolds number (from 800 to 2 000) and the attack angle (30° and 45°) of a delta winglet vortex generator are examined. The numerical results are analyzed on the basis of the field synergy principle to explain the inherent mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex. The secondary flow generated by the vortex generators causes the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradients. In addition, the computational evaluations indicate that the heat transfer enhancement of delta winglet pairs for an aligned tube bank fin-and-tube surface is more significant than that for a staggered tube bank fin-and-tube surface. The heat transfer enhancement of the delta winglet pairs with an attack angle of 45° is larger than that with an angle of 30°. The delta winglet pair with an attack angle of 45° leads to an increase in pressure drop, while the delta winglet pair with the 30° angle results in a slight decrease. The heat transfer enhancement under identical pumping power condition for the attack angle of 30° is larger than that for the attack angle of 45° either for staggered or for aligned tube bank arrangement. Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, 2006, 40(7): 757–761 [译自: 西安交通大学学报]     

Numerical investigation and analysis of heat transfer enhancement in channel by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

3-D numerical simulations were presented for laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular channel with vortex generators. The effects of Reynolds number (from 800 to 3 000), the attack angle of vortex generator (from 15° to 90°) and the shape of vortex generator were examined. The numerical results were analyzed based on the field synergy principle. It is found that the inherent mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex can be explained by the field synergy principle, that is, the second flow generated by vortex generators results in the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradient. The longitudinal vortex improves the field synergy of the large downstream region of longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) and the region near (LVG); however, transverse vortex only improves the synergy of the region near vortex generator. Thus, longitudinal vortex can enhance the integral heat transfer of the flow field, while transverse vortex can only enhance the local heat transfer. The synergy angle decreases with the increase of Reynolds number for the channel with LVG to differ from the result obtained from the plain channel, and the triangle winglet performs better than the rectanglar one under the same surface area condition.     

矩形管内纵向涡强化传热研究

将纵向涡强化换热技术应用于矩形管槽,研究以水为换热介质在过渡流状态下的换热效果。实验结果表明有纵向涡发生器的换热效果明显优于无纵向涡发生器的情况。利用PHEON ICS计算软件对实验进行数值模拟,模拟值与实验值符合较好。在此基础上,改变纵向涡的翼高和形状来模拟,发现两者均为换热影响的因素,相比之下,高宽比为0.4纵向涡发生器的换热效果比高宽比为0.5和0.6的要好。而采用相同高宽的矩形翼时,N u高于三角翼,但其换热性能指标却低于直角三角翼。     

Numerical investigation and analysis of heat transfer enhancement in channel by longitudinal vortex based on field synergy principle

3-D numerical simulations were presented for laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular channel with vortex generators. The effects of Reynolds number (from 800 to 3 000), the attack angle of vortex generator (from 15° to 90°) and the shape of vortex generator were examined. The numerical results were analyzed based on the field synergy principle. It is found that the inherent mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement by longitudinal vortex can be explained by the field synergy principle, that is, the second flow generated by vortex generators results in the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and fluid temperature gradient. The longitudinal vortex improves the field synergy of the large downstream region of longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) and the region near (LVG); however, transverse vortex only improves the synergy of the region near vortex generator. Thus, longitudinal vortex can enhance the integral heat transfer of the flow field, while transverse vortex can only enhance the local heat transfer. The synergy angle decreases with the increase of Reynolds number for the channel with LVG to differ from the result obtained from the plain channel, and the triangle winglet performs better than the rectanglar one under the same surface area condition. __________ Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(9): 996–1000 [译自: 西安交通大学学报]     

Numerical study on laminar convection heat transfer in a channel with longitudinal vortex generator. Part B: Parametric study of major influence factors

This paper presents the influences of main parameters of longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) on the heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance in a rectangular channel. The parameters include the location of LVG in the channel, geometric sizes and shape of LVG. Numerical results show that the overall Nusselt number of channel will decrease with the LVGs’ location away from the inlet of the channel, and decrease too with the space between the LVG pair decreased. The location of LVG has no significant influence on the total pressure drop of channel. With the area of LVG increased, the average Nusselt number and the flow loss penalty of channel, especially when β = 45° will increase. With the area of LVG fixed, increasing the length of rectangular winglet pair vortex generator will bring about more heat transfer enhancement and less flow loss increase than that increasing the height of rectangular winglet pair vortex generator. With the same area of LVG, delta winglet pair is more effective than rectangular winglet pair on heat transfer enhancement of channel, and delta winglet pair-b is more effective than delta winglet pair-a. Delta winglet pair-a results in a higher pressure drop, the next is rectangular winglet pair and the last is delta winglet-b. The increase of heat transfer enhancement is always accompanied with the decrease of field synergy angle between the velocity and temperature gradient when the parameters of LVG are changed. This confirms again that the field synergy is the fundamental mechanism of heat transfer by longitudinal vortex. The laminar heat transfer of the channel with punched delta winglet pair is experimentally and numerically studied in the present paper. The numerical result for the average heat transfer coefficient of the channel agrees well with the experimental result, indicating the reliability of the present numerical predictions.     

Heat transfer augmentation in a plate‐fin heat exchanger using a rectangular winglet

This study presents numerical computation results on laminar convection heat transfer in a plate‐fin heat exchanger, with triangular fins between the plates of a plate‐fin heat exchanger. The rectangular winglet type vortex generator is mounted on these triangular fins. The performance of the vortex generator is evaluated for varying angles of attack of the winglet i.e., 20, 26, and 37° and Reynolds number 100, 150, and 200. The computations are also performed by varying the geometrical size and location of the winglet. The complete Navier–Stokes equation and the energy equation are solved by the (Marker and Cell) MAC algorithm using the staggered grid arrangement. The constant wall temperature thermal boundary conditions are considered. Air is taken as the working fluid. The heat transfer enhancement is seen by introducing the vortex generator. Numerical results show that the average Nusselt number increases with an increase in the angle of attack and Reynolds number. For the same area of the LVG, the increase in length of the LVG brings more heat transfer enhancement than increasing the height. The increase in heat transfer comes with a moderate pressure drop penalty. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20318     

Air-Cooling Enhancement with Delta Winglet Vortex Generators in Entrance Region of In-Line Array Electronic Modules

The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the heat transfer enhancement by delta winglet vortex generators for air cooling in the entrance region of an in-line array of electronic modules. The study has been carried out when the winglet pairs are placed in front of all modules with attack angles of 10, 15 and 20 degrees. Each module has dimensions of 1.8 cm × 5.8 cm × 0.6 cm and generates heat at 5 W. The adiabatic heat transfer coefficients and the thermal wake functions for the modules with and without the generators are considered at different values of Reynolds number. It could be seen that the vortex generators could enhance the adiabatic heat transfer coefficients and reduce the thermal wake function and the module temperature significantly. Moreover, the correlations to predict the heat transfer data when the vortex generators are integrated have been developed. The temperatures of the modules in each row could be predicted from these correlations, and the results agree very well with the experimental data.     

不同排列方式下三角翼波纹翅片管换热器的换热性能比较

应用三维数值模拟的方法对加装三角翼涡发生器的波纹翅片管换热器的流动换热特性进行了研究.3排换热圆管按顺排和叉排2种方式排列.结果表明:三角翼产生的纵向涡包括1个主涡和1个角涡.顺排布置时,纵向涡不但改善了尾迹区的换热,同时还大大强化了三角翼下游管排壁面的换热;叉排布置时,纵向涡在遇到后一个波谷时很快被抑制,换热的强化主要作用于尾迹区.ReD=3000时,与无三角翼的波纹翅片相比,三角翼波纹翅片的j、f,因子在顺排和叉排布置中分别增加了15.4%、10.5%和13.1%、7.0%.在不同排列方式下,三角翼产生的纵向涡均提高了波纹翅片管换热器的换热性能.     

Numerical study on a slit fin-and-tube heat exchanger with longitudinal vortex generators

A 3-D numerical simulation is performed on laminar heat transfer and flow characteristics of a slit fin-and-tube heat exchanger with longitudinal vortex generators. Heat transfer enhancement of the novel slit fin mechanism is investigated by examining the effect of the strips and the longitudinal vortices. The structure of the slit fin is optimized and analyzed with field synergy principle. The result coincides with the guideline ‘front coarse and rear dense’. The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the slit fin-and-tube heat exchanger with longitudinal vortex generators are compared with that of the heat exchanger with X-shape arrangement slit fin and heat exchanger with rectangular winglet longitudinal vortex generators. It is found that the Colburn j-factor and friction factor f of the novel heat exchanger with the novel slit fin is in between them under the same Reynolds number, and the factor j/(f^1/3) of the novel heat exchanger increased by 15.8% and 4.2%, respectively.     

Enhancement of air cooling in staggered array of electronic modules by integrating delta winglet vortex generators

This study is to experimentally investigate the heat transfer enhancement by delta winglet vortex generators in air cooling of a staggered array of rectangular electronic modules. The winglet vortex generators are placed in front of 3 × 5 modules with 20° attack angle. Each module has dimensions of 1.8 × 5.4 × 0.6 mm and each one generates heat at 2.5 W. The adiabatic heat transfer coefficients, the thermal wake functions including their correlations for the modules with and without the vortex generators are considered at different values of Reynolds number and the module density. It could be seen that the vortex generators could enhance the adiabatic heat transfer coefficients, reduce the thermal wake functions and the module temperatures significantly. The module temperatures predicted by the superposition of the convective effect due to the module heat generations and the module thermal wakes are fitted very well with the measured data.     

Augmentation of Heat Transfer by Creation of Streamwise Longitudinal Vortices Using Vortex Generators

This paper summarizes the current state of the art related to improvement of the heat exchanger surfaces using streamwise longitudinal vortices. Primarily, the improvements related to fin-tube cross-flow heat exchangers and the plate-fin heat exchangers have been addressed. Protrusions in certain forms, such as delta wings or winglet pairs, act as vortex generators, which can enhance the rate of heat transfer from the heat-exchanger surfaces that may be flat or louvered. The strategically placed vortex generators create longitudinal vortices, which disrupt the growth of the thermal boundary layer, promote mixing between fluid layers, and hence lead to augmentation in heat transfer. The flow fields are dominated by swirling motion associated with modest pressure penalty. Heat transfer is augmented substantially for all the proposed configurations of the longitudinal vortex generators, such as delta wings, rectangular winglet pairs, and delta winglet pairs, with varying degree of pressure penalty. Both computational and experimental investigations on flow and heat transfer in the heat exchanger passages with built-in vortex generators are revisited and summarized.     

不同纵向涡发生器流动传热的数值模拟

利用三维数值模拟的方法对带有3种异形纵向涡发生器的H型翅片椭圆管换热器的空气侧流动传热特性进行研究。基于H型翅片椭圆管束,讨论了在不同雷诺数下,纵向涡发生器的摆放位置、摆放攻角和形状对空气侧流动传热的影响。研究表明:纵向涡发生器能够将高能量的流体引向流速较低的壁面区域,使冷热流体之间的混合加剧,增强流体的湍流动能,进而达到强化传热的效果;与无纵向涡发生器的管束相比,带纵向涡发生器管束的传热效果有明显的提高;当纵向涡发生器后置时,换热器的传热效果最优;在雷诺数相同,攻角为30°时,流体的传热性能和阻力特性均达到最优;相同攻角摆放时,椭圆角矩形发生器的传热性能和阻力因子均优于其他两种形式的发生器。研究结果为烟气余热回收系统换热器传热性能强化提供理论依据。     

Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement of wavy finned flat tube with longitudinal vortex generators

The performance of direct air-cooled condensers in power plant is affected significantly by air-side flow and heat transfer characteristics of the wavy finned flat tube. Experimental investigations were conducted for air-side flow and heat transfer with and without delta winglet pairs punched on the surface of the wavy fin. The different temperature fields of the heated wavy fin surface with and without delta winglet pairs were obtained by the infrared thermography technology. Both experiments and numerical simulations showed that a substantial increase in the heat transfer with six delta winglet pair generators on the wavy fin was obtained with the Reynolds number varying from 1500 to 4500, which was the range of the air flow in practical direct air-cooled condensers. The average Nusselt number increased by 21–60% with the Reynolds number varying from 1500 to 4500 and the average friction factor increased by 13–83% with the Reynolds number varying from 500 to 4500 in experiments. The average performance evaluation criteria, PEC, can be up to 1.31 with six delta winglet pairs punched on the wavy fin surface, indicating the high potential of heat transfer enhancement to direct air-cooled condensers by longitudinal vortex generators.     

WINGLET-TYPE VORTEX GENERATORS WITH COMMON-FLOW-UP CONFIGURATION FOR FIN-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

This investigation stems from the area of augmentation of heat transfer by generating streamwise longitudinal vortices. The vortex generators are arranged in a common-flow-up configuration. Existing air-cooled condensers in geothermal power plants use fin-tube heat exchangers with circular tubes. The heat exchangers are huge, and often the cost of the condensers is more than one-third of the plant cost. The size of the condensers can be reduced through enhancement of heat transfer from fin surfaces. The enhancement strategy involves introduction of strong swirling motion in the flow field. The swirl can be generated by the longitudinal vortices. In this study, the longitudinal vortices are created by delta winglet-type vortex generators, which are mounted behind the tubes. An element of a heat exchanger has been considered for detailed study of the flow structure and heat transfer analysis. Biswas and colleagues have obtained significant enhancement of heat transfer by deploying the winglet pair behind each tube. In this study, a novel technique (Torii and colleagues [2]) has been utilized for the enhancement. The winglets are placed with a heretofore unused orientation for the purpose of augmentation of heat transfer. This orientation is called the common-flow-up configuration. The proposed method causes significant separation delay, reduces form drag, and removes the zone of poor heat transfer from the near wake of the tubes. The analyses of flow and heat transfer in the proposed configuration have been accomplished through a numerical solution of complete Navier-Stokes and energy equations.