反相乳液聚合合成聚丙烯酰胺

以甲苯为介质,Span80/Span20为乳化剂,叔丁基过氧化氢/亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系为引发剂,采用反相乳液聚合制备了分子量高达9.4×106的聚丙烯酰胺乳液。研究了乳化剂种类及用量、引发剂种类及用量、油水比、单体浓度,反应温度对共聚物相对分子量、聚合转化率以及聚合反应速率的影响。其最佳聚合配方及工艺条件为:油水体积比为1.4,单体浓度30%,引发剂用量0.003%,乳化剂用量12%,聚合温度30℃。     

聚合工艺对丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂性能的影响

主要研究了聚合工艺对丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂性能的影响 通过对乳液胶粘剂的各种性能测试,发现3种聚合方法中,种子乳液聚合法制备的乳液胶粘剂的综合性能较为理想 采用种子乳液聚合法,最佳聚合工艺为:单体的滴加时间4h、聚合温度50℃、搅拌速率80 r/min     

Factorial experimental design on synthesis of functional core/shell polymeric nanoparticles via differential microemulsion polymerization

Functionalized core/shell nanoparticles of the co‐polymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) could be polymerized by differential microemulsion polymerization, using a small amount of surfactant (the weight ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/monomer is 1 : 24). The core/shell nanoparticles have a high conversion, high molecular weight, and small particle size (25–30 nm). The statistical analysis indicated that SDS, water, and the interactionbetween SDS and water have a significant positive interaction between the MMA conversion to form the core nanoparticles. For the core‐shell polymer, [GMA], [GMA]*[SDS], and [GMA]* [water] have significant negative effects on conversion; whereas [SDS] and [water], [SDS]*[water] and [GMA]*[SDS]*[water] have positive effects on the conversion to form core/shell nanoparticles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

高粘度醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液的研制

介绍了一种粘度在 3 3 0 0～ 45 0 0mPa·s之间的醋酸乙烯 -乙烯 (VAE)共聚乳液的工艺制备方法。讨论了乳化剂、聚乙烯醇、醋酸乙烯、乙烯、引发剂等对乳液性能的影响。本产品具有粘度高、粘接性强、柔韧性好、耐水性强等特点。     

提高丁苯橡胶聚合转化率过程中胶乳粘度的控制

针对高转化率丁苯橡胶聚合过程中所出现的随着聚合反应转化率的提高，胶乳粘度随之增加这一问题，对聚合配方进行了调整，有效地拉制了聚合后期胶乳的粘度，确保提高转化率不会因聚合后期胶乳粘度的增加而影响生产远行。     

Morphology control of conducting polypyrrole nanostructures via operational conditions in the emulsion polymerization

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanostructures with diameter smaller than 100 nm were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactants. Hydrochloric acid was used as dopant, and a solution of potassium peroxydisulfate was used as initiator. The influence of polymerization temperature, feeding strategy, and the type of surfactant on the morphology and conductivity of PPy nanostructures were investigated and well‐described. A simple route just via controlling the operational conditions in the emulsion polymerization is reported to obtain nanostructured PPy with desirable morphology and relatively good conductivity. The analysis results demonstrated that the conductivity of samples is highly affected by their morphology whereas PPy nanofibers exhibited higher conductivity respecting the other morphologies (0.66 S/cm). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44697.     

影响苯丙乳液黏度与粒径的因素分析

采用种子乳液聚合法,以苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等为主要原料合成了用于制备胶粘剂的苯丙乳液。重点研究了引发剂、乳化剂及种子单体的用量及硬软单体不同配比对苯丙乳波黏度和粒径的影响。实验结果表明,当引发剂用量为0.5％（占单体总质量,后同）、乳化剂用量为1％、种子单体用量为8％、硬软单体配比为30／46的条件下,合成的笨丙乳液黏度较高、粒径小、粒度分布宽,用该乳液制备的胶粘剂具有优良的施工性能.     

聚酯的特性黏度与聚合度

通过测定的聚酯特性黏度计算确定其聚合度是聚酯生产控制的关键环节 ,为此列举了目前国内厂家测定聚酯特性黏度的几种不同溶剂体系及其特性黏度的计算方法 ,并通过介绍质量比为 3 / 2的苯酚 四氯乙烷溶剂体系的特性黏度与分子质量的关系式 ,着重说明通过特性黏度计算聚酯聚合度的方法。     

Correlating viscosity in urea–formaldehyde polymerization

The objective of this study was to find a correlation for the viscosity changes during step polymerization of urea and formaldehyde. For this reason, a kinetic model for the condensation reactions was proposed, and using this model, a correlation for the kinematic viscosity changes of the solution during polymerization was obtained. Viscosity measurements of the samples during condensation reactions were carried out using Ubbelohde viscometers at intervals. The experimental data were curve fitted using our model, which was found to correspond very well. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 631–636, 1998     

聚合法对疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺粘度的影响

为了增强聚丙烯酰胺的增粘性能,提高其抗剪切、抗温和抗盐性,使用实验室自制的疏水单体、丙烯酰胺和离子型单体,通过3种不同的聚合方法进行自由基共聚合。分析了不同聚合途径下,研究组分、剪切、温度和盐对聚合物溶液表观粘度的影响。结果表明,反相乳液聚合法的产物的临界缔合浓度小于0.4 g/L,85℃下粘度保持60%以上,其表观粘度在受剪切后的恢复率达到100%,抗剪切性能明显。利用一种小分子化合物来抑制Fe2+对聚合物的降解作用,达到保持聚合物溶液粘度目的。     

水分散聚合合成两性聚丙烯酰胺

引入复合氧化还原引发体系,引发丙烯酰胺[AM）水溶液均相聚合,合成超高相对分子质量水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）,并综合分析了水分散聚合法的时间-动力学曲线.结果表明,采用复合氧化还原剂引发AM聚合反应,在AM浓度31％,双官能度引发剂浓度10mg/L,聚合温度6℃,偶氮化合物25mg/L用量条件下,可以合成相对高分子质量聚丙烯酰胺.     

PVAc乳液黏度的影响因素研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为保护胶体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和丙烯酸(AA)为共聚单体,采用种子乳液聚合法制备聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液;然后以PVA的型号、AA和APS含量、反应温度、搅拌速率和种子单体含量等作为试验因素,以乳液黏度作为考核指标,采用单因素试验法优选制备PVAc乳液的最优方案。结果表明:当PVA型号为1788、w(AA)=1.2%、w(APS)=0.4%、w(种子单体)=6.5%、搅拌速率为120 r/min和反应温度为80℃时,PVAc乳液的综合性能优于市售同类产品。     

反应型乳化剂对丙烯酸酯乳液稳定性和粘度的影响

使用反应型乳化剂烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)和常规乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)制备丙烯酸酯乳液,研究了这两种乳化剂对乳液稳定性的影响,比较了两种乳化剂对乳液粘度的作用方式,探讨了反应型乳化剂对乳液粘度的影响机理。结果表明:与常规乳化剂SDS相比,使用反应型乳化剂DNS-86制得的乳液稳定性得到提高,当DNS-86的用量为2.0%时,乳液的稳定性最好。乳液的粘度随乳化剂用量的增大呈锯齿状增加。使用DNS-86制备的乳液粒径较大、粒径分布较窄、粘度较小。     

Factorial experimental design approach in semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate to study the effect of process variables

This article describes the effect of various process variables in the semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. A series of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) emulsions were prepared using ammonium persulphate as initiator in absence and presence of Dowfax 2AI as surfactant. The effect of process variables such as initiator concentration, monomer concentration (solid content), surfactant concentration, reaction temperature, monomer feeding time, and holding time were systematically studied on monomer conversion, particle size, gel content, and molecular weight using a two‐level fractional factorial experimental method. Analysis of fractional factorial design revealed that surfactant concentration, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and monomer feeding time affect all the properties. However, the surfactant concentration and the interaction effect of initiator and monomer feeding time are the key variables influencing the properties of PMMA latex. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene: effects of reaction conditions on the polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight

The emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was carried out in a semibatch reactor using a chemical initiator (ammonium persulfate) and a fluorinated surfactant (FC-143). The effects of the reaction condition were investigated though the polymerization rate, molecular weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and stability of the dispersion. The emulsion polymerization of TFE was different from conventional emulsion polymerization. The polymerization rate was suppressed when the polymer particles were significantly coagulated. The polymerization rate increased with operating temperature, surfactant concentration, and agitation speed, due to the enhanced stability of the polymer particles. However, once the parameter value was reached, the rate decreased due to the coagulation of the particles. Stable PTFE dispersion particles were obtained when the surfactant concentration was in the range between 3.48 × 10⁻³ and 32.48 × 10⁻³ mol/liter, which is below critical micelle concentration (CMC). The molecular weight of the PTFE obtained was a function of the surfactant and initiator concentrations, and the polymerization temperature. The molecular weight increased as each parameter decreased. This is against the phenomena observed in a conventional emulsion polymerization. A stable PTFE dispersion polymer having a high molecular weight was obtained by optimizing the reaction conditions. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 777–793, 1999     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺“水包水”乳液的制备研究

在硫酸铵溶液中,以相对分子质量为7.44×10~5～1.21×10~6的聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为分散剂,在偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐引发剂的作用下,通过分散聚合进行了丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵的二元共聚。分别探讨了分散剂浓度、无机盐浓度、单体总浓度及其配比、引发剂浓度、反应温度等对分散聚合的影响,找出了各影响因素之间的协同规律,最终确定出最佳的合成条件和体系配比。在上述条件下制备出颗粒分散性较好、流动性较好、稳定性较高、特性黏数及黏均分子量较高的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺＂水包水＂乳液。     

Influence of polymerization conditions on the viscosity and yield of poly(phenylene sulfide ether)

High molecular weight poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE) was successfully synthesized by reaction of 4,4′‐dihydroxy diphenyl sulfide with 4,4′‐dichloro diphenyl sulfide in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). The influence of polymerization conditions on the intrinsic viscosity and yield of PPSE was investigated and the optimized reaction condition was concluded. Reactions at about 180°C for 6 h along with sodium benzoate as an additive and monomer concentration of 0.588 mol/L NMP were found to produce the highest intrinsic viscosity (0.55 dL/g). Longer reaction time and/or higher temperature reduced the intrinsic viscosity and yield of the resulting product, probably due to side reactions, such as reductive dehalogenation and chemical degradation. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the polymer possessed of orthorhombic cell and had a high crystallinity of 65.8%. The high molecular weight PPSE is a crystalline polymer with T_m of 252°C and T_mc of 224°C. The polymer shows good chemical resistance, but is soluble in organic amide, halo‐hydrocarbon and oxohydrocarbon solvent at a temperature over 150°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

聚合条件对丁苯胶乳粒径的影响

通过乳液聚合方法合成了适用于聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)的种子胶乳,利用一步法工艺获得一定粒径的丁苯胶乳,研究了乳化剂加入量、加入方式,聚合温度,聚合反应时间对粒径的影响,合成了粒径在200～300nm的丁苯胶乳。     

叔-醋-丙乳液粘度影响因素的研究

采用种子乳液聚合法制备叔-醋-丙(VeoVa/VAc/BA)共聚乳液,考察了保护胶体种类和用量、乳化剂用量、聚合温度和搅拌速率对该共聚乳液粘度的影响。研究结果表明,保护胶体的醇解度和乳化剂用量对乳液粘度的影响最为明显;使用低醇解度的聚乙烯醇(PVA1788),当w(PVA1788)=10%时,乳液粘度最大;当w(乳化剂)>3%时,乳液粘度下降不明显。     

Influence of chemical polymerization conditions on the properties of polyaniline

The chemical polymerization of aniline in aqueous solutions was studied as a function of a wide variety of synthesis parameters, such as pH, relative concentration of reactants, polymerization temperature and time, etc. The polymer was synthesized using a number of different oxidizing agents and different protonic acids. It was found that the reaction yield was not sensitive to most variables. By contrast, the inherent viscosity of the polymer, measured in solutions in concentrated sulphuric acid, was strongly dependent on the synthesis parameters. Optimum reaction conditions are outlined for the chemical polymerization of aniline, for post-treatment with aqueous HCl solutions, and for compensation of the emeraldine salt into its base form. Under such conditions, high-quality polyaniline base was synthesized with an inherent viscosity (0.1% w/w polymer in sulphuric acid) as high as 2.32 dl g⁻¹.