粘接剂对三明治结构自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

为探究粘接剂对三明治结构自冲铆接头力学性能的影响,制备了三明治结构的自冲铆接头和粘-铆复合接头,通过拉伸-剪切试验研究接头的静失效载荷、失效位移、抗剪刚度及能量吸收能力,分析接头的失效形式及其宏观失效机理,运用MATLAB对接头的静失效载荷和失效位移进行分析。结果表明:泡沫镍夹层可增大三明治结构自冲铆接头的钉脚张开度;粘接剂减小了粘-铆复合三明治结构接头的残余底厚量和钉角张开度,但使接头的抗剪刚度和静失效载荷分别提升了35.5%和30.8%;粘-铆复合三明治接头的失效形式为下板铆接区域板料粘附于铆钉腔内,并随铆钉脱离下板;同时,粘接界面上的次位键断裂。     

自冲铆接铆钉材料流场的数值模拟研究

以厚度为2 mm的同种AA5052铝合金板料为铆接对象，利用Simufact Forming16.0软件建立铝合金自冲铆接的仿真模型。设定不同水平的铆钉内腔高度和铆钉高度，分别进行模型非线性有限元计算。分析了不同铆钉工艺参数下铆钉材料流场变化以及对接头成形质量和铆接最大冲压载荷的影响。试验表明：仿真结果与实际的接头截面成形效果相似，接头主要变形区域内的板料流速较大；较小内腔高度的铆钉形成的接头内锁结构更优，残余底厚为0.784 mm、钉脚张开度为1.058 mm,铆钉材料径向流速更快；钉脚张开度、铆钉材料径向流速和铆接的最大冲压载荷均随着铆钉高度的增加而增大，残余底厚随着铆钉高度的增加而减小。     

铆向组合对双铆钉自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

为探究铆向组合对双铆钉自冲铆接头力学性能的影响,制备不同铆向组合的5组双铆钉自冲铆接头,通过拉伸-剪切试验,分析各组接头的宏观失效形式,并对接头失效断口进行扫描电子显微(SEM)观察,分析其失效机理;同时运用MATLAB对接头的剪切刚度、静失效载荷、失效位移及能量吸收值进行分析。结果表明:铆接方向会影响接头的失效形式及变形程度,从而影响接头的力学性能。窄板双铆钉自冲铆接头的失效模式为板材韧性断裂,宽板接头的铆钉脱离下板。铆向影响窄板接头在弹塑性阶段的剪切刚度,但对宽板接头的刚度无显著影响。对于靠近铆接区自由端处的铆钉,当铆钉脚朝外时,窄板接头的静失效载荷最强,但失效位移、能量吸收值减小;两铆钉铆向相反时,宽板接头可获得更大的静失效载荷和失效位移。     

AA5052自冲铆接头成形质量及其静力学性能研究

通过改变整形力、刺穿力及行程研究铆接工艺参数对AA5052自冲铆接头性能的影响,进而探究接头成形质量及其对接头静力学性能的影响。结果表明:接头失效模式均为下板与铆钉分离,这是由于在拉伸-剪切试验过程中,位于下板内部的机械内锁遭到破坏,铆钉从下板拉出。在一定范围内,随着整形力的增加钉头高度逐渐减小,接头表面越平整,内锁长度却逐渐增加;随着刺穿力的增加,钉脚张开度减小,但内锁长度却逐渐增加,可形成较好内锁值;随着行程增大,钉脚张开度随之增大,内锁长度也会增加,接头可形成较好的机械内锁且具有较好的密封抗蚀能力。整形力对AA5052自冲铆接头静力学性能影响最低,刺穿力和行程均对试件的拉伸载荷和能量吸收能力有显著影响。     

粘-铆复合"三明治"结构自冲铆接头的力学性能研究

为了探究粘接剂对"三明治"结构自冲铆接头性能的影响,制备了"三明治"结构的自冲铆接头和粘-铆复合接头,观测了接头的成形特征并分析了其成形机理。通过拉伸-剪切试验和剥离试验研究了接头的刚度、静失效载荷及能量吸收能力。结果表明:泡沫镍夹层可增大"三明治"结构自冲铆接头的钉脚张开度;粘接剂的润滑作用减小复合"三明治"结构接头的残余底厚和钉角张开度,粘铆复合接头的失效位移和能量吸收值降低;粘接剂使单搭接头的抗剪刚度和静失效载荷分别提高54.6%和27.5%,同时使十字接头的拉压刚度提高115.5%。     

铆向对双铆钉自冲铆接头拉伸及剥离性能的影响

为了探究铆向对自冲铆接头力学性能的影响,制备了不同铆向组合的双铆钉自冲铆接头。在拉伸-剪切试验后,观察了各组接头的宏观失效形式并分析其失效机理。同时运用MATLAB对接头的静失效载荷和失效位移进行了研究,对接头的能量吸收值进行了计算。结果表明:铆接方向影响接头的失效形式及变形程度,影响接头的力学性能。铆向相反的单搭双铆钉接头具有更优的承载能力,其失效位移为9.2 mm,比同向单搭接头组增大了16.5%。铆向相同的双铆钉T型接头静失效载荷略大于铆向相反的接头组,铆向对剥离测试中接头的失效位移影响不大。铆向相反的单搭双铆钉接头能量吸收均值较铆向相同的单搭双铆钉接头提升16.1%;铆向相同的双铆钉T型接头能量吸收均值达57.1 J,比铆向相反的T型接头提升2.9%。     

无铆和自冲铆在汽车行业中的应用

采用不同厚度板材对自冲铆铆接和无铆钉铆接进行两种连接方法试验。通过拉伸试验测定接头抗剪强度,并结合接头失效形式、接头剖面形貌对铆接接头进行综合评价分析。结果表明:板材越厚,无铆和自冲铆接头失效过程中需要吸收更多能量,因而有更高的连接刚度和抗剪强度;无铆接头常见失效形式为上下板材拉脱失效;自冲铆接头常见失效形式为板材撕裂失效和铆钉腿部拉脱失效。     

钛合金自冲铆接头力学性能优越性研究

为了研究钛合金自冲铆接头力学性能的优越性,以TA1钛合金自冲铆(ST)接头为对象,以5052铝镁合金(SAB)、1420、8090铝锂合金(SAA、SAC)和Q215合金钢(SQ)自冲铆接头为参照,依据静力学试验结果对比分析了ST接头成形质量、静失效载荷、能量吸收值,并用扫描电子显微镜对接头静载失效进行了研究。结果表明:ST接头拥有优异的成形质量,钉头高度为0.02 mm,钉脚张开度为0.88 mm,残余底厚适中;钛ST接头拥有最高静失效载荷(6232.3N);ST接头能量吸收均值最高(24.9 J);ST接头静载失效形式为铆钉断裂,其断口呈脆性断裂特征。     

折弯长度与铆钉数量对T型自冲铆接头静力学性能的影响

为了研究折弯长度及铆钉数量对T型自冲铆接头静力学性能的影响,采用最优铆接参数制备了两铆钉折弯长度分别为20 mm(AAT)和40 mm(DAA),单个铆钉折弯长度为40 mm(SAA)三组5052铝合金T型自冲铆接头。基于拉伸-剥离实验,分析了各组接头的强度、刚度、失效形式以及能量吸收水平。对自冲铆T型接头所受弯矩进行了分析,推导出T型自冲铆接头弯矩计算公式。结果表明:AAT组失效载荷约为DAA组1.1倍,DAA组失效载荷约为SAA组2倍;三组自冲铆接头失效模式分别为:DAA组与SAA组均为铆钉从下板拉脱,AAT组仅有1个铆钉从上板拉脱;DAA组能量吸收值约为AAT组的1.5倍,约为SAA组的1.9倍。     

粘接剂对铝合金自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

制备了5052铝合金和8090铝锂合金的同质单搭自冲铆接头和同质单搭粘接-自冲铆复合接头。通过静力学试验获得各组接头的静失效载荷,并计算了各组接头的能量吸收值。分析了各组接头的成形质量及宏观失效机理。结果表明:粘接剂(3MDP100)使5052铝合金自冲铆接头静失效载荷增加了2.30%,使8090铝锂合金自冲铆接头静失效载荷降低了5.37%;粘接剂的使用对接头成形质量影响较大,其相对降低了自冲铆接头的能量吸收值;5052铝合金自冲铆接头的失效模式为下板与铆钉分离;8090铝锂合金自冲铆接头的失效模式为下板与铆钉分离,上板靠近铆钉附近地方发生轻微撕裂且下板出现脱层现象;两种复合接头的失效模式均为下板与铆钉分离以及基板与胶层粘接界面的次价键被破坏。     

铝合金自冲铆接头疲劳性能及失效机理

自冲铆是轻量化材料的有效连接技术,为促进该技术的广泛应用,文中基于两组铝合金自冲铆接头,采用疲劳测试、统计方法、断口分析和X-射线能谱仪元素分析,获得接头疲劳特性和断口典型部位微观组织特征,从而对铝合金自冲铆接头疲劳性能及失效机理进行研究。结果表明,随着疲劳载荷降低,接头疲劳寿命稳定性和相对滑移量下降。由于多铆钉接头有效减小了应力集中,其疲劳强度比单铆钉接头提高了31.36%~23.14%,且多铆钉接头的疲劳寿命稳定性较高。多铆钉接头中存在首要和次要承载顺序,疲劳断裂表面为首要承载顺序所在位置。接头疲劳宏观失效模式均为下板断裂,疲劳裂纹主要萌生于铆钉管腿与下板接触部位,微振磨损区域自铆钉管腿底部向铆钉头方向生长。减缓该部位的摩擦作用,可有效延迟疲劳裂纹萌生和减缓裂纹扩展,从而提高接头疲劳寿命。     

冲击式自穿孔铆接方法及其接头性能

采用一种新型的应用火药作为驱动力的铆接方法和试验设备.对影响该方法的主要因素如模具尺寸、铆钉硬度进行分析.用该设备铆接铝合金板形成的接头的拉剪强度、十字抗拉强度以及疲劳强度与点焊形成的接头进行比较.试验证明这种新型的自穿孔铆接接头比点焊接头有更好的力学性能.     

Feasibility of measuring residual stress profile in different self-pierce riveted joints

Abstract

The feasibility of measuring residual stresses in self-pierce riveted (SPR) joints by neutron diffraction technique was investigated. The main challenge involved dealing with the very small dimensions of SPR joints. Two different joints were examined: aluminium–steel and steel–steel. Even though small dimensions were involved, meaningful results were obtained. In the rivet head, tensile stress was observed for the steel–steel sample, whereas only compressive stress was observed for the aluminium–steel. The residual stress in the rivet head was higher at the centre and lower at the edge for both joints. Stresses in the sheet material beside the rivet wall and at a distance of three times the rivet radius from the rivet axis were not significant. For the SPR joints examined, the maximum value of residual stress was compressive and occurred in the rivet leg. The results are discussed according to the physical events involved during the process.     

TA1钛合金自冲铆接接头疲劳性能及失效机理分析

采用轴向加载的形式对TA1钛合金自冲铆接试样进行疲劳试验,分析了不同因素下试样的疲劳强度变化规律;通过扫描电镜对试样失效断口和微动磨损进行分析,研究试样的失效机理. 结果表明,在同种铆接因素下,试样疲劳强度随应力比的增大而增大,随最大载荷值的增加而下降. 通过断口分析发现,铆钉断裂失效时,疲劳裂纹主要产生在钉胫外侧;基板断裂失效时,疲劳裂纹首先萌生在铆钉胫尾部与下板接触区域. 基板与铆钉的微动磨损在某种情况下存在竞争机制,当铆钉微裂纹扩展速率大于基板时表现为铆钉失效,反之为基板失效.     

Hybrid joining process for carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic and metallic thin sheets by chemical bonding and plastic deformation

A new joining process for thin metallic and continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic (CFRP) sheets is proposed. This joining process is a hybrid of chemical bonding and plastic deformation, usable for ultra-lightweight structures. In contrast to conventional joining methods, such as rivet joining with an adhesive, the proposed method does not require any additional components and can eliminate holes that would cut the continuous carbon fibers and cause stress concentration. Hence, a smaller weight and a higher joining quality can be attained, especially for thin sheets. Aiming at making comparison and demonstrating the applicability of the proposed hybrid joining method, two thermosetting CFRP sheets with different laminates were used as lap adherends in the experiment. The effects of the deformation temperature, the use of a dummy sheet and the relative positions of the sample and dummy sheet on the joining quality were systematically investigated and optimized. The optimal hybrid joint shows high-quality bonding without delamination or adhesive failure. The tensile shear test of single-lap A2017P-CFRP hybrid joints manufactured under optimal experimental conditions indicates that, compared with adhesive bonding and conventional rivet joining with an adhesive, the proposed joining method has obvious superiority in terms of tensile shear load, slip displacement and absorption energy.     

铆钉对TA1与1420自冲铆接工艺及失效行为的影响

采用自冲铆接技术对TA1与1420异质薄板组合铆接工艺进行了详细分析,且以长度6 mm,硬度44 HRC ±2 HRC和48 HRC ±2 HRC的铆钉制备了TA1-1420接头（TAF）、1420-TA1接头（ATF）和TA1-1420接头（TAS）.通过拉伸-剪切和疲劳试验获取了三组接头的失效模式,借助电子扫描显微镜研究了铆钉对TA1与1420异质薄板接头失效行为的影响.结果表明,铆钉对TA1与1420异质薄板组合的铆接工艺有明显影响,采用6 mm长度的铆钉能够实现对其有效连接,采用高硬度铆钉可减轻铆钉墩粗程度.铆钉硬度提高使接头失效部位由下板大变形区域下移至接头底部,导致异质薄板组合接头的失效行为存在差异.     

Strength estimation of self-piercing rivets using lower bound limit load analysis

Abstract

This paper summarises the authors' work on strength and failure mode estimation of self-piercing rivets (SPRs) for automotive applications. First, the static cross tension strength of an SPR joint is estimated using a lower bound limit load based strength estimator. Failure mode associated with the predicted failure strength can also be identified. It is shown that the cross tension strength of an SPR joint depends on the material and gage combinations, rivet design, die design and riveting direction. The analytical rivet strength estimator is then validated by experimental rivet strength measurements and failure mode observations from nine SPR joint populations with various material and gage combinations. Next, the estimator is used to optimise rivet strength. Two illustrative examples are presented in which rivet strength is improved by changing rivet length and riveting direction from the original manufacturing parameters.     

Influence of resistance heating on self-piercing riveted dissimilar joints of AA6061-T6 and galvanized DP590

The hybrid use of aluminum alloy and advanced high strength steel (AHSS) has become an inevitable trend for fabricating a lightweight auto-body. Self-piercing riveting (SPR) as a preferred cold-forming fastening method is facing problem like weak interlocking when joining dissimilar combinations with considerably unequal thickness. In this study, a hybrid joining method, named rivet-welding (RW) was proposed to improve the robustness and strength of the SPR joint, by applying an electric current to it. For better evaluating the new process, the effects of heating time and electrode design on the microstructure, micro-hardness distribution, and mechanical performance of the RW joints were studied and compared systematically with the traditional SPR ones. The results showed that the electric current could improve the microstructure of the steel rivet and bottom DP590, and under long heating time, the inter-metallic compounds (IMC) could be formed at the interface of trapped AA6061-T6 and bottom DP590. Meanwhile, the electric current could increase the micro-hardness of the rivet and bottom DP590, and soften the AA6061-T6 around the rivet leg. In addition, the RW process using lower annular electrode A (LAE_A) could obtain 12.1% higher tensile-shear strength compared with the traditional SPR process.     

剪切激励下润滑脂对螺栓连接结构松动行为的影响研究

目的 为了提高螺栓连接结构的可靠性,分析剪切激励下螺栓连接结构松动失效机理,并研究润滑脂对螺栓连接松动行为的影响。方法 基于自主设计的试验装置,开展了剪切激励下螺栓连接结构的松动试验,分析了两种润滑脂(MoS2润滑脂和锂基润滑脂)对螺栓连接结构松动行为的影响,试验结束后使用扫描电子显微镜分析螺纹表面的损伤情况。结果 在相同预紧力条件下,使用润滑脂的螺栓连接结构初始预紧力矩可降低30%~40%。螺栓连接结构所承受的剪切载荷存在门槛值,即当剪切载荷低于门槛值时,连接结构不会完全松动。在螺栓前三圈接触螺纹表面添加润滑脂(局部润滑),门槛值降低;在螺栓全部接触螺纹表面均添加润滑脂(完全润滑),门槛值进一步降低。当承受载荷幅值低于门槛值时,局部润滑有利于防松,螺栓连接结构的松动程度可降低20%以上。结论 螺纹接触界面的微观滑移和微动磨损是螺栓连接结构松动的主要原因,在螺纹接触界面添加润滑脂可有效减缓螺纹表面的微动磨损。     

铁道车辆热铆连接的有限元分析

为了进一步研究铁道车辆热铆连接过程,基于热固耦合有限元理论建立铆钉和铆接件的有限元模型,模拟热铆连接过程,并结合试验进行验证。将热铆连接变形过程分为6个阶段,分析铆钉在热铆连接过程中的受力和变形情况,并通过改变铆钉钉杆长度和镦头高度,分析不同参数对热铆连接的影响,并得到最佳热铆参数。结果表明:铆钉的最大应力集中在铆钉镦头和与铆接件边缘相接触的中心部位,最大应变集中在镦头靠近铆接件边缘的位置;钉杆长度小于一定值时,铆钉的最大应力均发生在铆钉镦头顶部和镦头与铆接件边缘相接触的中心部位,超过该值时,应力集中位置只出现在铆钉镦头顶部;铆钉的最大应力随镦头高度总体呈下降趋势。