数控机床圆轨迹非接触式激光测量原理及应用

圆轨迹测量对数控机床的精度评价非常重要.提出数控机床的非接触式激光测量方法,阐述该方法的特点及设备结构,推导基本数学模型,介绍基本测量流程并给出应用实例.该方法测量精确,操作方便,尤其在小半径高进给这一其他方法的弱势领域表现优异.     

A method for evaluating spindle rotation errors of machine tools using a laser interferometer

This paper presents a method for assessing radial and axial error motions of spindles. It uses the Hewlett Packard 5529A laser interferometer. The measurement is made using reflection directly from a high-precision sphere. Such object is used as the optical reflector. The sphere is affixed at the end of a wobble device, which is clamped in the spindle. The principle of measurement is similar to that of a linear interferometer, except that the high-precision sphere is used in place of the usual retroreflector. A convergent lens is utilized to focus the laser beam to a small spot on the sphere surface. This minimizes the dispersion of the beam due to the reflection on the spherical surface. A software package has been developed for data acquisition and presentation of the error motion polar plots of the spindle. Application of this spindle error calibrator on a CNC machining centre is undertaken. The results are presented and discussed.     

Algorithm for detecting volumetric geometric accuracy of NC machine tool by laser tracker

Quick and accurate detecting the error of NC machine tool and performing the error compensation are important to improve the machining accuracy of NC machine tool.Currently,there are many methods for detecting the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool.However,these methods have deficiencies in detection efficiency and accuracy as well as in versatility.In the paper,a method with laser tracker based on the multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle is proposed,and this method can rapidly and accurately detect the geometric accuracy of NC machine tool.The machine tool is controlled to move in the preset path in a 3D space or 2D plane,and a laser tracker is used to measure the same motion trajectory of the machine tool successively at different base stations.The original algorithm for multi-station and time-sharing measurement is improved.The space coordinates of the measuring point obtained by the laser tracker are taken as parameter values,and the initial position of each base point can be determined.The redundant equation concerning the base point calibration can be established by the distance information of the laser tracker,and the position of each base point is further determined by solving the equation with least squares method,then the space coordinates of each measuring point can be calibrated.The singular matrix does not occur in calculation with the improved algorithm,which overcomes the limitations of the original algorithm,that the motion trajectory of machine tool is in a 3D space and there exits height difference between the base stations.Adopting the improved algorithm can expand the application of multi-station and time-sharing measurement,and can meet the quick and accurate detecting requirements for different types of NC machine tool.     

数控刀具网络协同设计系统的开发与研究

论述了数控刀具网络协同设计系统的构建原理和方法,以及所用到的各方面的知识体系,并以数控刀具的典型代表-可转位球头立铣刀为例,给出了该种刀具的三维参数化网络协同设计方法.     

Integration of a laser interferometer and a CMM into a measurement system for measuring internal dimensions

In order to improve the existing comparative procedure for calibrating internal dimensions, we have developed a new measurement set-up for traceable absolute measurements. It consists of a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) and a laser interferometer (LI). The LI serves as a traceable measurement system, while the CMM is only used as a guiding system for the measuring probe. Extended research focused on defining probe parameters such as diameter, bending and indentation, as well as probing head repeatability and other error sources. The final goal of the research was to determine uncertainty of measurement under existing laboratory conditions. The main outcomes of the research and final uncertainty of measurement are presented in this article.     

Uncertainty analysis of a laser calibration system for evaluating the positioning accuracy of a numerically controlled axis of coordinate measuring machines and machine tools

This paper presents an uncertainty analysis of a Positional Error Calibrator based on a laser interferometer system. This laser calibration system is capable of evaluating the positioning accuracy of a numerically controlled axis of machine tools and coordinate measuring machines (CMM) under dynamic conditions. In order to assess the measurement uncertainty of this calibrator, an analysis of the uncertainty components that make up the uncertainty budget of this calibrator has been carried out. These uncertainty components can be classified into three categories as follows: (1) uncertainties intrinsic to the laser system; (2) uncertainties due to environmental effects; (3) measuring uncertainties due to the installation. The procedure for evaluating the uncertainty of this calibrator follows GUM (“Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”). This uncertainty analysis was carried out when this calibrator was used to assess the positional errors of the “X” axis of a moving bridge type CMM.