-3 ℃养护下考虑矿物掺合料影响的水泥水化程度计算模型

针对多年冻土地区工程施工时混凝土养护的问题,采用10%、20%、30%的矿粉和粉煤灰替代量等量替代水泥,测试了-3 ℃恒温养护条件下0.38水胶比水泥浆体在各个龄期的水泥水化热,计算了水泥水化程度;分析了龄期及矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响规律,建立了综合考虑龄期和矿物掺合料替代量的水泥水化程度计算模型.结果表明:-3 ℃恒温养护下,矿物掺合料等量替代水泥,水泥浆体的水化程度会降低,粉煤灰降低水化程度的值要比矿粉高;在相同矿物掺合料替代量下,随着龄期的增长,矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响逐渐减弱;同一龄期时,随着矿物掺合料的增加,矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响逐渐增强;利用建立的模型计算了分别掺入15%矿粉和粉煤灰的水泥水化程度,与实测值相比,计算值偏离值较少,预测精度较高.     

矿物掺合料和减水剂对桥梁混凝土水泥石水化热的影响

采用等温量热法研究高效减水剂对普通、中热水泥掺入不同品种及不同掺量的掺合料后水化热的耦合作用规律,分析了减水剂、矿物掺合料及两者双掺对水泥水化热及放热速率的影响.结果表明:矿物掺合料可减缓水泥水化放热的速率,推迟放热峰值的出现,粉煤灰的缓凝效果和削峰效果较矿渣要显著.外加剂对掺粉煤灰水泥的早期水化热有显著的降低作用.     

高铁用高性能矿物掺合料对混凝土性能的影响

以高速铁路为工程背景,试验研究了高性能矿物掺合料对水泥水化热及混凝土工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响。试验结果表明:高性能矿物掺合料能够显著提高水泥净浆的早期水化热及混凝土试块的抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性能和抗冻性能。     

磨细矿物掺合料对水泥硬化浆体孔结构及砂浆强度的影响

采用压汞法研究了钢渣、矿渣、粉煤灰单掺或复掺对水泥硬化浆体孔结构的影响.同时还研究了掺合料单掺或复掺对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响.结果表明:掺合料单掺或复掺对早期水泥硬化浆体的孔结构有一定的劣化作用;水化后期,矿渣与钢渣均明显降低了水泥硬化浆体的孔隙率,矿渣与粉煤灰均明显降低了水泥硬化浆体的中值孔径并改善了水泥石的孔径分布,掺合料复掺对改善水泥硬化浆体的孔结构有积极作用,尤其是掺合料三元复合可取得最佳的效果.3种掺合料降低水泥硬化浆体孔隙率能力的大小顺序为:矿渣>钢渣>粉煤灰.3种掺合料降低水泥硬化浆体孔径并改善孔径分布能力的大小顺序为:矿渣>粉煤灰>钢渣.掺合料降低了水泥砂浆早期的抗压强度,却增加了水泥砂浆90 d的抗压强度.掺合料的活性大小顺序为:矿渣>钢渣>粉煤灰.     

Thermal behavior of cement matrix with high-volume mineral admixtures at early hydration age

Thermal cracks that usually occur in mass concrete are closely related to the thermal behavior of cement matrix, such as heat liberation, temperature rise and thermal shrinkage. Cement pastes added with large-volume mineral admixtures that are usually used for thermal controlling were cast into well-sealed plastic cylinder and covered by heat insulation materials to simulate the pseudo-adiabatic condition of mass concrete. The deformation and temperature rise of cement specimens under the heat insulation condition have been examined at early hydration age. Results show that with addition of fly ash, coal gangue and blast furnace slag the heat liberation and peak temperature of cement paste decrease, while its total shrinkage increases.There is no shrinkage but expansion of the pastes during the temperature rise process, which may be ascribed to the complete compensation of the shrinkage by thermal dilation of the pastes. The thermal dilation coefficient (TDC) of cement paste changes drastically with the hydration duration, and it is also related to the addition of mineral admixtures.     

超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土对硫铝酸盐水泥水化和强度的影响

掺入矿物掺合料是改善硫铝酸盐水泥(CSA)混凝土凝结硬化性能和降低生产成本的主要技术途径之一。研究了水胶比为0.4时,单掺超细矿渣粉(UFS)、偏高岭土(MK)与复掺超细矿渣粉、偏高岭土对硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间、流动度、电阻率、抗压强度的影响,并对其1 d、28 d龄期时的水化产物进行XRD半定量分析。结果表明,单掺和复掺缩短了水泥浆体的凝结时间,但单掺偏高岭土时的缩短效果更明显,且水泥浆体的流动度随着超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土掺量的增加而减小。掺入超细矿渣粉、偏高岭土缩短了水泥浆体电阻率变化速率曲线峰值出现的时间,峰值大小与掺量成递减关系。当掺量从0%(质量分数,下同)增大到20%时,单掺超细矿渣粉试样的28 d抗压强度减小了24.7%,单掺偏高岭土试样的28 d抗压强度减小了17.7%,两者复掺试样的28 d抗压强度减小了17.3%。超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土对水泥水化产物没有明显影响,但促进了硅酸二钙(β-C₂S)的早期水化。     

Modeling the hydration of concrete incorporating fly ash or slag

Granulated slag from metal industries and fly ash from the combustion of coal are industrial by-products that have been widely used as mineral admixtures in normal and high strength concrete. Due to the reaction between calcium hydroxide and fly ash or slag, the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag is much more complex compared with that of Portland cement. In this paper, the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the reaction of mineral admixtures is considered in order to develop a numerical model that simulates the hydration of concrete containing fly ash or slag. The heat evolution rates of fly ash- or slag-blended concrete is determined by the contribution of both cement hydration and the reaction of the mineral admixtures. The proposed model is verified through experimental data on concrete with different water-to-cement ratios and mineral admixture substitution ratios.     

水泥混凝土水化热的研究与进展

水泥的水化反应是一个放热反应。水泥水化放热的周期很长,但大部分热量是在3天内放出的,尤其是在水泥浆发生凝结、硬化的初期放出。大多数情况下,硬化水泥浆体和混凝土的早期体积变形,主要源于水泥的水化热温升,因此,降低水泥混凝土的水化热是防止其早期开裂的有效途径。本文综合分析了水泥混凝土水化热对其性能的影响,总结了前人在水泥混凝土水化热研究方面提出的一些理论计算公式,介绍了国内外关于水泥混凝土水化热的最新研究进展和水泥生产中降低水化热的技术措施。     

High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate

High-strength concrete (HSC) has undergone many developments based on the studies of influence of cement type, type and proportions of mineral admixtures, type of superplasticizer and the mineralogical composition of coarse aggregates. Most studies were carried out using natural sand with rounded and smooth grains. In practice, crushed sands from various sources are frequently used in concrete. In this paper, two aspects of the effect of crushed sands on HSCs are presented. First, the performance of crushed sands in relation to natural sand using a low water/cement (w/c) ratio and fixed coarse aggregate and cement content is analyzed. Results show that concrete with crushed sand requires an increase of superplasticizer to obtain the same slump. It also presents a higher strength than the corresponding natural sand concrete at all test ages, while its elastic modulus is lower at 28 days and is the same after that. Studies on the development of hydration and mortar phase of concrete show that the increase of strength can be attributed to the improvement of paste-fine aggregate transition zone. Second, the influence of the mineralogical source of the crushed sands was studied using three different types of crushed sands (granite, limestone and dolomite) with similar grading. Two mixtures containing 450 and 485 kg/m³ cement and low w/c ratio are analyzed. Results show the adverse effects of shape and texture on workability of concrete, but the compressive strength of concrete is improved. Granite crushed sand appears as the most advantageous sand for this purpose.     

减水剂对硫铝酸盐水泥早期水化影响

研究了聚羧酸系高效减水剂(PCE)和萘系减水剂(FDN)对硫铝酸盐水泥净浆工作性能及力学性能影响,通过XRD和SEM检测手段对水化产物进行表征.结果表明:两种减水剂对硫铝酸盐水泥净浆流动度的影响存在饱和点;相比于FDN型减水剂,PCE型减水剂对硫铝酸盐水泥净浆具有更好的减水效率及分散能力.PCE型减水剂阻碍硫铝酸盐水泥净浆早期水化,并降低硫铝酸盐水泥净浆1 d抗压强度;FDN型减水剂能够加速硫铝酸盐水泥净浆早期水化,缩短初凝和终凝时间,提高硫铝酸盐水泥净浆1d抗压强度.两种减水剂对硫铝酸盐水泥净浆3d后抗压强度及水化产物种类均没有影响.     

Retardation effect of superplasticizer on different cement fractions

Cement hydration is a complex chemical process strongly influenced by the proportions of the various minerals present in the cement, admixtures, and the size of the cement particles. In this note, it is shows that naphthalene based superplasticizer, used at high dosage, does not affect the total heat of hydration but retards the hydration process of portland cement. This retardation, however, is most effective on the medium size fraction of the cement (4 – 30 μm in our case). The superplasticizer does not affect the hydration of the fine fraction (< 4 μm) to that extent due to its richer concentration of SO₃ and alkalies. The coarse fraction of the cement (30 – 72 μm) does not participate (with or without superplasticizer) in the heat evolution process.     

Property improvement of Portland cement by incorporating with metakaolin and slag

The physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement (PC) containing metakaolin (MK) or combination of MK and slag and the compatibility between such materials and superplasticizers were investigated in present study. After MK was incorporated into PC, the compressive strength of the blended cement was enhanced. However, the fluidity of MK blended cement became poorer than that of PC at the same dosage of superplasticizer and the same water/binder ratio. When both MK (10%) and ultra-fine slag (20% or 30%) were incorporated into PC together, not only the compressive strength of the blended cement was increased, but also the fluidity of the blended cement paste was improved comparing to MK blended cement. This indicates that ultra-fine slag can improve the physical and mechanical properties of MK blended cement. The physical and chemical effects of two mineral admixtures were also discussed.     

掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土耐久性影响的研究

研究了掺合料复掺(矿渣∶粉煤灰=2∶1)、单掺矿渣、单掺粉煤灰对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土强度、抗渗性、抗冻性的影响,并与相同水灰比下掺合料复掺对普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土对应性能的影响进行对比。结果表明:在硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土中,掺合料的加入使混凝土的早期和后期强度都明显降低,抗渗性稍微降低,抗冻性明显降低,且掺量越高,其强度、抗渗性、抗冻性降低越明显;但复掺时的效果比单掺时的效果好,粉煤灰的效果最差;而在普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土中,掺合料的加入使混凝土的早期强度降低,但后期强度超过空白样的强度,抗渗性、抗冻性明显提高,但是,在无掺合料时其抗渗性、抗冻性大大低于相同水灰比下硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土的抗渗性、抗冻性。     

蒸养条件下两性聚羧酸减水剂对胶砂及混凝土强度的影响

合成了阴离子型和两性型聚羧酸减水剂,研究了两类聚羧酸减水剂对水泥水化热、蒸养胶砂和蒸养混凝土强度的影响.结果表明:在蒸养条件下,与阴离子型聚羧酸减水剂相比,掺两性型聚羧酸减水剂的水泥水化温峰更高;在相同水灰比时,掺两性聚羧酸减水剂的蒸养胶砂和蒸养混凝土的强度也更高.XRD分析可知,掺入两性聚羧酸减水剂在蒸养条件下生成更多的AFm和氢氧化钙,促进了C3S和C2S的水化.     

水泥浆体的微结构及其与强度的关系

在亚微观尺度上描述了水泥石的微结构，简要回顾了其研究进程，详细介绍了主要水化产物以及掺加不同混合材可改变水化产物组分含量。归纳了水泥石的微观结构与强度的关系，并展望了其研究前景。     

氨基磺酸系高效减水剂ASP缓凝性能研究

氨基磺酸系高效减水剂是一种具有缓凝性能的新型高效减水剂，研究的结果表明：氨基磺酸系高效减水剂ASP分散能力强，流动度损失小，120min内相对流动度损失率仅为7．7％，远小于萘系减水剂FDN；掺加0．5％ASP的水泥净浆初凝和终凝时间较空白分别延长1h 55min和6h 30min，水泥水化放热峰较空白推迟约7h，但不能明显降低水化放热峰值；混凝土28d抗压强度为空白的1．38％，其混凝土试块微结构比掺FDN的试块更为均匀、细密，基本上已看不出网状结构。氨基磺酸系高效减水剂适合配制用于泵送的高强高性能混凝土。     

An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete

Influencing factors on thermal conductivity of concrete are quantitatively investigated by QTM-D3—that is, a conductivity tester developed in Japan—and a prediction equation of thermal conductivity of concrete is suggested from the regression analysis of test results. To consider the interacted factors influencing thermal conductivity of concrete, mortar, and cement paste, seven testing variables such as age, water-cement (W/C) ratio, types of admixtures, aggregate volume fraction, fine aggregate faction, temperature, and humidity condition of specimen were adopted in this test.According to experimental results, aggregate volume fraction and moisture condition of specimen are revealed as mainly affecting factors on the conductivity of concrete. Meanwhile, the conductivities of mortar and cement paste are strongly affected by the W/C ratio and types of admixtures. However, age hardly changes the conductivity except for very early age. Finally, the conductivity of concrete is represented in terms of the aggregate volume fraction, fine aggregate fraction, W/C ratio, temperature, and humidity condition of specimen.     

高贝利特水泥与高效减水剂相容性研究

研究了高效减水剂与高贝利特水泥、硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥的相容性以及矿物掺合料对高贝利特水泥相容性的影响 ,并以混凝土工作性指标进行验证。结果表明 :高贝利特水泥具有优异的与高效减水剂相容性 ,具备优良的施工性能。分析了其内在影响因素     

C-S-H纳米晶核对矿物掺合料复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响研究

水泥中掺入大量矿物掺合料易造成其早期强度低、施工周期长等问题。本文研究了C-S-H晶核对含矿物掺合料的复合胶凝材料体系水化性能的影响规律;通过热力学计算阐述了C-S-H晶核降低水化产物成核势垒的机理,并通过离子溶出与沉积探讨大掺量矿物掺合料胶凝体系水化机理。结果表明：矿物掺合料复合胶凝材料体系水化能力较弱,这是由于Ca²⁺溶出受到制约,C₃S的水化反应缓慢;当加入晶核后,水泥中硅酸盐相溶解-结晶能力得到大幅提升,使得矿物掺合料水泥体系的水化反应活性接近纯水泥体系。研究表明,C-S-H晶核可解决大掺量矿物掺合料胶凝体系所带来的水化能力严重不足问题。     

碱-矿渣水泥性能研究及应用

研究了碱-矿渣水泥水化产物组成、水泥石孔结构和孔液成分、力学性能、水化热、抗化学腐蚀性能和对钢筋的钝化作用等;并对混凝土的力学性能、干缩变形、耐久性和对外加剂的适应性等进行了研究。结果表明,碱-矿渣水泥具有早强、高強、低水化热和高耐久性等优良性能,但是干缩较大;选择适当的外加剂可以改善部分性能。介绍了利用该水泥的特性在多种工程中的应用情况。