混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土梁裂缝分形理论研究

混凝土梁在受弯过程中表面裂缝分布及演化的宏观特征可以反映其受弯性能,本文基于不同废旧轮胎钢纤维(WTSF)取代率的玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)筋混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土梁受弯试验结果,利用分形理论分析试验梁表面裂缝开展情况。结果表明,BFRP筋混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土梁表面裂缝分布具有分形特征,满足自相似性,分形维数的变化区间为[0.892,1.064]。探讨了梁表面裂缝分形维数与施加荷载值、WTSF取代率、跨中挠度和最大裂缝宽度之间的关系,并分别拟合了WTSF取代率与完全破坏状态下全梁区和纯弯段分形维数的函数关系。分形维数与施加荷载值、跨中挠度和最大裂缝宽度均呈对数函数关系,完全破坏状态下,WTSF取代率变大会增大梁表面裂缝的分形维数,但总体来说不利影响并不明显,研究结果可为超高性能混凝土的工程实际应用提供参考。     

Fractal characterization of ceramic crack patterns after thermal shocks

This work utilized a combination of experimental evidence and fractal geometric method to assess the effect of crack extension concerning the thermal shock on residual strength of ceramics. Sintered alumina (Al₂O₃) ceramic slabs were bundled and quenched in water under different thermal shock temperatures. The fractal dimension of thermal shock crack patterns on the interior surface and the cooled surface was calculated by the Box-counting method. Fracture energy of a fractal pattern of microcracks in quasi-brittle solids was employed to explain the relationship between crack length and fractal dimensions. The results show that if the crack propagation has the same crack length but a larger fractal dimension, it will absorb more fracture energy. The thermal shock crack patterns of Al₂O₃ ceramics with different grain sizes were analyzed, and the smaller grain size ceramic had a higher fractal dimension of crack patterns than the larger one.     

Autoclaved SIFCON with high volume Class C fly ash binder phase

The effect of incorporating high volume of Class C fly ash (FA) on mechanical properties of autoclaved SIFCON (slurry infiltrated fiber concrete) has been investigated in this study. Cement was replaced with up to 60% FA in SIFCON compositions and three different steel fiber volumes (2%, 6% and 10%) were used. Test results were presented in comparison with the control mix (0% FA and 0% fiber). Mechanical properties were positively affected almost at every FA replacement. Moreover, by increasing the fiber volume, flexural strength and toughness were remarkably increased. This behavior was more pronounced at 10% fiber volume. At this fiber volume ratio, flexural strength of 55 MPa could be achieved with 60% FA replacement.     

基于分形理论和扩展有限元法的钢纤维混凝土损伤破坏机理

为研究钢纤维混凝土损伤破坏过程和裂纹发展演化机理,基于分形理论和扩展有限元法,建立钢纤维混凝土立方体抗拉试验细观有限元模型和切口梁三点弯曲试验有限元模型,以相关试验测试结果为基础,比较验证了所建有限元分析模型的可靠性。以裂纹分形维数表征钢纤维混凝土损伤演化过程,考察不同钢纤维体积掺量和长度、粗骨料形状等重要因素对钢纤维混凝土损伤演化过程的影响。结果表明,基于裂纹分形维数的损伤值可以较好地反映钢纤维混凝土的损伤演化过程及特征,钢纤维体积掺量、长度的增加和骨料形状的不规则化会延缓钢纤维混凝土立方体试件的损伤演化过程,钢纤维体积掺量、初始裂纹距跨中距离的增加和初始裂纹缝高比的减小可在较小程度上延缓钢纤维混凝土切口梁的损伤演化过程。     

煤粉碎过程中颗粒形状的分形特征

应用分形几何学的方法对煤粉碎过程中颗粒的不规则程度进行度量．研究结果表明,不同组成的颗粒其颗粒形状分维ＤＰ不同,矿物质组成的颗粒形状分维最大,其次是壳质组颗粒,四组分颗粒居第三,其它颗粒的形状分维大致相似．颗粒形状分维具有随时间不变性的特点,表现为相同组成的颗粒的形状分维基本不随粉碎时间发生变化．导致这一现象的根本原因是不同的煤显微组分的力学性质及微裂纹的分布不同,而对于同一组分来说,其微裂纹的分布又具有自相似性．     

高分子絮凝剂对泥沙絮体分形结构的影响

黄河泥沙架桥絮凝沉降实验与电镜实验研究表明,絮体结构具有分形特性。文章讨论了高分子絮凝剂的架桥絮凝机理以及高分子所带电荷种类、高分子的分子量、投加剂量与浓度对絮体分形结构的影响,并用表征絮体结构分形特性的参数“分维D”定量分析了这种影响规律。同时,对比了相同含沙量下无机混凝剂絮体与高分子架桥絮体结构达最佳时的分形特征及所需的混凝控制指标Gt值。     

Relationship between brightness and roughness of polypropylene abraded surfaces

This article proposes to analyze the relation between gloss and roughness of surfaces of polypropylene samples abraded at different magnitudes. Experiments consist of mechanical polishing at different grades, roughness profiles measurement, and specular light reflectometry with three incidence angles of resulting surfaces. About 100 roughness parameters were considered in this investigation and an original statistical methodology combining the conventional one‐way ANOVA to the recent and powerful Computer Based Bootstrap Method (CBBM) is presented to select which of them is the most relevant, first, to characterize the polypropylene surfaces abraded at different magnitude and, second, to model the physical interaction of these abraded surfaces with a white light beam. The statistical treatment of the experimental results of this investigation shows that the fractal dimension is the most relevant roughness parameter in the two cases. As far as the optical properties are concerned, it is shown that the fractal dimension of an abraded surface is closely related to the local curvature radii of peaks which are known to play a major role in physical interactions with a white light beam. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:103–117, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

机械密封摩擦副端面分形维数的优化

机械密封摩擦副接触端面的分形维数对摩擦副摩擦磨损特性和密封性能有着重要的影响。依据机械密封摩擦副端面接触分形模型和泄漏分形模型,分别研究了有利于减轻端面磨损的最优分形维数和基于允许泄漏率的最优分形维数。用数值计算方法得出了NHM70型机械密封摩擦副端面弹性接触面积比Are/Ar与分形维数D的关系曲线及泄漏率q与分形维数D的关系曲线。在自行设计的试验装置上,进行了NHM70型机械密封试验研究。通过理论计算和试验验证表明,在综合考虑磨损率、泄漏率和加工成本后,NHM70型机械密封软质环端面的最优分形维数为1.61。     

基于分形理论的接触式机械密封泄漏模型

引言 机械密封基本性能主要包括密封特性(即泄漏率指标)和端面摩擦特性(即抵御摩擦磨损的能力).机械密封失效最重要和最直接的表现是在规定的工作条件下,机械密封在未达到规定的工作时间,就出现泄漏率超标现象.端面摩擦特性的好坏对机械密封的密封特性有着显著的影响.在摩擦副间建立流体摩擦工况、流体动压效应,可以改善端面摩擦特性,减小端面磨损.然而,改善端面摩擦特性所采取的措施,如减小端面比压,往往会给机械密封带来较大的泄漏损失,导致其泄漏率超标.为了减少物料流失、保护环境,以及防止因易燃易爆物料泄漏造成危害,充分考虑机械密封的密封特性,从理论上揭示运行过程中机械密封泄漏的影响因素,切实有效地控制机械密封泄漏率不仅是必要的而且是十分迫切的.     

高强度HPVC材板及其断裂分形的研究

对经硅烷偶联剂处理的碳纤维填充增强HPVc板材的力学性能进行研究,并对拉伸断裂断面的分形维数进行测量分析,详细论述了数盒子法计算分形维数的原理和计算机的模拟过程。结果表明,板材拉伸强度达到100MPa以上,冲击强度为25kJ／m^2,材料拉伸强度与断面视图的分维数呈正线性关系。     

Relationship between Fractal Geometry and Fractography

Fractal geometry has been used to describe irregular fracture surfaces in a quantitative way. The fractal dimensional increment has been related to the fracture toughness of the material through the elastic modulus and a characteristic structure parameter, a ₀. The study of fractography has shown the relationship between the flaw/mirror size ratio and the fracture toughness. An experimental observation has shown that the fracture toughness is related to the elastic modulus through another structure parameter, b ₀. Combining all of these relationships leads to the conclusion that the fractal dimensional increment, D ^*, is directly related to the flaw/mirror size ratio. Experimental measurements of the fractal dimension and the flaw/mirror size ratio on glasses, a glass-ceramic, polycrystalline ceramics, and a single crystal all agree with the prediction. The implication of this finding is that there is a linear scaling law in operation at fracture between the energy of crack initiation and of microbranching and is reflected in the features on the fracture surface.     

硫化物催化剂结构性质与合成甲醇反应性能的关联(Ⅱ)──表面形貌的分形几何特征

应用分形几何理论研究了硫化物催化剂的表面性质及其与合成甲醇反应性能的关系．由分形维数定量地表征了催化剂表面形貌的几何特征．提出了催化剂表面分形维数具有特定的分布,并用正态分布函数进行了拟合．考察了助催化剂和载体对催化剂表面分形维数的影响,由此探讨了分形维数与催化剂结构和反应性能的关系．对甲醇的时空收率和分形维数进行了关联．     

硫化物催化剂结构性质与合成甲醇反应性能的关联(Ⅱ)──表面形貌的分形几何特征

应用分形几何理论研究了硫化物催化剂的表面性质及其与合成甲醇反应性能的关系．由分形维数定量地表征了催化剂表面形貌的几何特征．提出了催化剂表面分形维数具有特定的分布,并用正态分布函数进行了拟合．考察了助催化剂和载体对催化剂表面分形维数的影响,由此探讨了分形维数与催化剂结构和反应性能的关系．对甲醇的时空收率和分形维数进行了关联．     

Fractal Characteristics of Fracture Surfaces

Quantitative fractography is often used to study material failure mechanisms. During calculation of surface or profile roughness parameters, the magnification used in obtaining fractographic data is found to influence the value of the parameters. Fractal geometry has been developed into a tool capable of defining surface and profile topography without sensitivity to magnification, and several studies have related fractal dimension ( D _F) to other physical or mechanical properties. In this study, we obtained the fractal dimension of profiled fracture surfaces of one glass and three proprietary dental porcelains. The fracture toughness ( K _1c) of these materials was also measured using the indentation-strength method. Results show the surfaces to be fractal. No quantitative relationship between fractal dimension and toughness was found. Differences in K _1c were demonstrated between some materials. It is postulated that the size range within which fractal dimension can be defined as constant is dependent on the toughening mechanism, and that the relationship between K _Ic and D _F cannot be identical for all materials.     

非均匀多孔介质表面变压过程的分形特征研究

多孔物质的表面结构可以用分形维数D来表征,D与微孔结构存在对应的关系,不同的表面分形维数对应不同的微孔结构．详细讨论了分形维数和微孔结构随压力的变化规律．随着压力的增大,多孔介质表面形成更小的吸附微孔,孔径分布广．表面变得更粗糙,分形维数增大,至到趋于稳定值．分形维数表达表面结构简洁明了．     

非均匀多孔介质表面变压过程的分形特征

多孔物质的表面结构可以用分形维数D来表征,D与微孔结构存在对应的关系,不同的表面分形维数对应不同的微孔结构.详细讨论了分形维数和微孔结构随压力的变化规律.随着压力的增大,多孔介质表面形成更小的吸附微孔,孔径分布广,表面变得更粗糙,分形维数增大,至到趋于稳定值.分形维数表达表面结构简洁明了.     

Quantitative Evaluation by Fractal Analysis of Indentation Crack Paths in Si3N4–SiCw Composites

The crack paths, generated by Vickers indentation in Si₃N₄–SiC_w composites, were analysed from a quantitative point of view, in order to distinguish between the possible toughening mechanisms involved. It was found that the roughness parameter R_L and the fractal dimension D describe the geometrical features of the cracks and evidence the anisotropy of the microstructure, due to the whisker and Si₃N₄β-grain orientation. The relationships found between fracture toughness and these geometrical parameters emphasise the importance of the crack deflection mechanism in improving toughness and provide information on the role played by microstructure in determining the mechanical properties of a composite.     

The effect of local residual stress on the fractal dimension of silicate glasses

Local residual stress caused by impacts, machining and indentation results in a decrease in strength in most materials that fail in a brittle manner. The ratio of the critical crack size, c, and the fracture mirror size, r, also is affected by the existence of local residual stress. The global fracture toughness of non-R curve materials is not affected by the local residual stress. The fractal dimension of the fracture surface as characterized by the fractal dimensional increment, D*, is directly related to the square of the fracture toughness. This paper addresses the question of the effect of the local residual stress on the fractal dimension of the fracture surface. We derive a relationship between the fractal dimensional increment and the c/r ratio for materials fractured with and without local residual stress. We then compare the prediction with two cases of experimental results. We show the fractal dimension remains constant with the change in the c/r ratio for local residual stress conditions.     

分形理论在PVC／粉末NBR共混研究中的应用

采用分形理论研究了PVC／粉末NBR弹性体共混界面中粉末NBR用量、共混界面的分形维数、材料的力学性能之间的关系，提出用分形维数来定量描述共混界面的几何特征。并发现PVC／粉末NBR共混界面的分形维数与材料的力学性能间变化关系一致，当粉末NBR用量达到2份时，分形维数和材料的拉伸强度均达到最大值，分别为1．87和15．8mPa。当粉末NBR用量超过29份时，分形维数及材料的力学性能也随之降低。     

金属垫片密封表面形貌的分形表征

引言 金属垫片密封结构常见于石油、化工、核能等装置中,广泛应用于高温、高压及强腐蚀介质等操作条件恶劣、密封要求高、一般的垫片无法满足要求的场合.