乳源性生物活性肽的研究进展

乳蛋白及乳制品具有多种营养功能.乳蛋白通过水解及发酵的乳制品中可产生多种生物活性多肽.它们对诸如消化系统,心血管,免疫和神经系统起着重要的作用.随着提取技术的改进和新技术的开发,越来越多的乳源性生物活性肤及其所具有的多种生理功能被认识,并逐渐被应用到功能性食品、药品和化妆品等领域.综述乳源性生物活性肽主要功能,提取方法及对人体健康的作用.     

食物源ACE抑制肽的生产及构效关系研究进展

生物活性肽是蛋白质中隐藏着的可在体内发挥一定生理功能的活性肽段。目前已从食物蛋白中获得了具有免疫调节、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗血栓形成、抗高血压等功能的多肽,其中血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽是研究热点之一。ACE通过产具有升压作用的血管紧张素Ⅱ和降解扩张血管的舒缓激肽在调节血压中发挥着重要作用。ACE抑制肽可通过消化道水解、发酵和熟化过程、体外酶解和遗传重组方法而获得,并可作为功能因子添加到功能食品中,相关产品已上市或研发中。本文对ACE抑制肽的生产及其构效关系研究进展等进行综述。     

乳清蛋白及其生物活性肽血压调节功能研究进展

乳清蛋白既是优质蛋白来源,也是抗高血压生物活性肽的理想来源,开发具有调节血压功效的蛋白多肽类产品对未来临床高血压防治将发挥重要作用。文章综述了乳清蛋白生物活性肽血压调节功能的基本机制和研究现状,并对其未来发展趋势和应用前景进行了讨论。     

生物活性肽在特殊医学用途配方食品中的应用前景

生物活性肽是蛋白质经特定蛋白水解酶酶解或发酵后形成的从二肽到复杂的线性、环形结构的不同肽类的总称。不同肽有不同的生物功能,例如调节激素、增强免疫、降血压、抗氧化等作用,又具有极高的可食用安全性,发展前景广阔。本文结合特殊医学用途配方食品对蛋白源及营养功能的要求,对不同类别常见的生物活性肽的功能及作用机制进行总结归纳,并将生物活性肽不同的制备方法进行介绍,为生物活性肽在特殊医学用途配方食品中的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

酪蛋白生物活性肽的特性及应用前景

酪蛋白是一种营养蛋白,不仅具有营养功能,而且还具有重要的生理功能,是生物活性肽的重要来源.到目前为止已有数十种生物活性肽从酪蛋白中水解并得到确认.酪蛋白糖巨肽(Caseino Glycomacro peptide,CGMP)是从乳清中κ-酪蛋白经凝乳酶降解产生的含有糖链的多肽片段,具有独特的营养特性和生理功能,可广泛地应用于功能性食品和生物医药领域.     

食品源性降血压活性肽的研究进展

食源性生物活性肽具有提升人体的健康状况以及治疗多种疾病的功能,尤其是调节血压的能力已经得到了证实。研究表明这些多肽的药理作用和其本身的结构相关,还取决于目标组织对它们的吸收和利用的效率。文章总结了一些重要的抗高血压多肽和功能性食品的降压效果,降压的分子机制,影响因素,多肽的制备分离等内容。结果表明,未来的研究将集中在生物活性肽在受试患者体内降血压作用的评价、生物利用度和药代谢动力学方面。      

生物活性肽功能及其在酿酒中的研究进展

生物活性肽类物质具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性等功能,同时还具有吸收能耗低、吸收快、吸收率高、载体不易饱和等多种优点[1],生物活性多肽的开发利用具有广阔的前景.本文介绍了生物活性肽的来源、功能,针对肽类物质对于酿酒的影响及重要性进行了探讨,并对不同酒类酿造过程中产生的肽类物质进行了梳理.最后对酿酒过程中肽类物质的研究进...     

海洋生物活性肽生物学和功能特性的研究进展

海洋生物活性肽具有抗氧化、抗高血压和抗动脉粥样硬化等生物学特性。海洋来源的抗氧化肽分子质量一般低于3 kDa,多数为胃蛋白酶水解产生。海洋来源的抗高血压肽分子质量一般低于1.5 kDa,具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性。小球藻中提取的多肽可抑制内皮细胞选择素的产生,具有抗动脉粥样硬化活性。唇贻贝中性蛋白酶水解多肽可促进血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1、成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子增殖,具有皮肤伤口修复功能。在鱼类副产物及其水解蛋白中提取的多肽,水解度越高溶解性越高,起泡和乳化性能良好。本文旨在综述从不同海洋来源分离的生物活性肽的信息,重点介绍其不同的生物活性和功能特性,以及不同的工业应用,以期推动海洋生物活性肽功能产品开发,并为其生物学和功能特性的深入研究提供理论参考。     

多肽生物活性与其结构的关系

多肽的生物活性区别于蛋白质又不同于游离氨基酸,具有其独特的生理功能。多肽的分子量、氨基酸序列、氨基酸组成以及构象等结构的不同决定了其生物活性的千差万别。文中综述了几种多肽的生物活性与其结构之间的相互关系,这几种肽包括抗菌肽、抗氧化活性肽、降血压肽、矿质元素结合肽等多肽,同时对多肽生物活性与结构的研究方向以及多肽的研发应用提出展望。     

生物活性肽的制备及分离纯化方法研究进展

目前,含有生物活性肽的功能性制剂越来越受关注。生物活性肽作为多种食物蛋白的水解产物,是当前功能食品和膳食补充剂等领域的研究热点。生物活性肽是指一类对机体的功能或状况具有积极作用,并可能最终影响人体健康的特殊蛋白质片段,具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化、降血压、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等多种生物学功能。因具有安全性高、来源丰富、生理功效明显和易于消化吸收等优点,生物活性肽在功能性食品成分和配料领域具有广阔应用前景。本文重点综述了生物活性肽的制备及分离纯化方法,并对其发展前景进行了展望。      

食品外肽酶的研究进展

外肽酶包括氨肽酶和羧肽酶两大类。当外肽酶催化多肽水解时,产物苦味减轻,同时生成的游离氨基酸和小肽类物质能够形成食品良好风味,或作为风味前体物质。外肽酶能够在食品后熟阶段起作用,如水果成熟、种子萌发和肉类陈化,也能够在食品加工处理过程中起作用,如干燥、热处理和发酵,从而决定终产品品质的优劣。外肽酶在食品中的重要应用主要体现在能够水解疏水性苦味肽,并去除苦味。本文较为系统地综述近年来外肽酶及其在食品中的研究现状,主要包括外肽酶的分类、结构、反应特性,以及在食品加工过程中对蛋白质水解产物的最终产品良好风味的贡献机制。     

海参多肽的研究进展

海参多肽是以新鲜海参为原料,经过蛋白酶酶解,分离纯化得到的具有功能特性的生物活性物质,研究发现海参多肽具有抗氧化、降血压、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳等多种功能。本文综述了不同种类的海参多肽的生物活性、制备与精制方法以及结构鉴定等方面的研究进展。      

DA201-C大孔吸附树脂对腐乳多肽脱盐作用的研究

为去除腐乳中的盐分,利于其中活性肽的分离纯化,以腐乳多肽的回收率为指标,采用DA201-C大孔吸附树脂对超滤的水溶性低聚肽的脱盐工艺进行了研究。结果表明:DA201-C大孔吸附树脂对腐乳多肽较佳的脱盐工艺条件为上样浓度45 mg/mL、洗脱流速120 mL/h、解吸剂为70%乙醇。腐乳多肽经DA201-C大孔吸附树脂处理后脱盐率达到98.19%,肽回收率大于90%,抗氧化活性得到提高。利用DA201-C大孔吸附树脂是进行腐乳多肽脱盐处理的一种简便有效方法。     

Preparation of polyclonal antibodies specific for wine proteins

Immunology is an expanding area of research with potentially important applications in the analysis of many biological molecules. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against specific proteins as well as against the total protein from a Portuguese wine. FPLC cation exchange chromatography was used to isolate the total protein fraction and, when in combination with denaturing electrophoresis, to purify individual wine polypeptides. To obtain a high titre, an injection of each antigen followed by three boosters were given in the immunisation of each rabbit. The titre of the antisera was measured by the ELISA technique and the specificity of the antibodies detected by immunoblotting. The antibodies produced were shown to be highly specific for the corresponding antigens. However, antibodies obtained specifically against a highly purified wine polypeptide seem to recognize the other major wine polypeptides, raising the possibility of structure similarity between different wine proteins. Neither the anti‐total wine protein antibodies not the anti‐specific wine protein antibodies originated a signal when used to probe thaumatin or chitinase. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

乳清蛋白水解制备功能性多肽的研究概况

乳清是生产干酪及干酪素过程中获得的大量液态副产物,含有丰富的营养成分,其主要成分乳清蛋白的营养价值极高。随着近年来小肽生物活性功能研究的开展,对于乳清蛋白水解物中功能性多肽的研究成为主要方向。近年来的研究中发现乳清蛋白中含有多种生物活性肽,包括ACE抑制肽、抑菌肽、抗病毒肽、抗氧化活性肽及其它活性肽。目前,国内外有关ACE抑制肽的研究较多,而对降胆固醇肽的研究多是以大豆蛋白为原料,而更具有研究价值的乳清蛋白源降胆固醇肽研究较少。本人以乳清蛋白为原料,对其酶解产物的降胆固醇活性肽进行分离制备,既充分利用了干酪的副产物,减少了资源浪费和环境污染,又能提供一种新型降胆固醇功能产品,为商业化开发乳清蛋白降胆固醇功能产品提供理论依据。本文结合本人对降胆固醇肽的研究,综述了乳清蛋白源功能性多肽的制备、分离纯化技术及其活性多肽的研究概况。     

Activation of fibroblast metabolism in a dermal and skin equivalent model: a screening test for activity of peptides

Skin firmness, elasticity and tone are gradually lost with age. These changes originate in the dermis and correspond to a decrease in the ability of cells, particularly the fibroblasts, to regenerate the molecules which make up the extracellular matrix. Skin ageing is also characterized by a reduction of the epidermal thickness and by a flattening of the basal membrane. The recent development of two 3-dimensional culture systems, in which the cells develop within a porous structure reproducing the extracellular matrix of the human dermis, is a way of reproducing in vivo conditions and demonstrating the biological effects of anti-ageing compounds. The dermal equivalent model used in this study is composed of a dermal matrix made of collagen-chitosan-glycosaminoglycans populated by normal human fibroblasts which synthesized their own extracellular matrix. A skin equivalent model is obtained by the cell culture of normal human keratinocytes onto a dermal equivalent elevated at the air-liquid interface. Such models were used to prove anti-ageing activity of promising compounds. Cosmetic Science has used many protein hydrolysates in order to fight skin ageing, but up to now, these natural peptides were poorly studied, and their efficacy poorly demonstrated. Eight protein hydrolysates were screened in a proliferation study in monolayered cultures giving two selected polypeptides. A soya derived peptide was used for an efficiency study in 3-dimensional models. In the dermal equivalent model, this peptide increased fibroblast proliferation by 40% and led to a stimulation of collagen formation (165%) and elastin (116%) synthesis. The effect of this soya peptide on glycosaminoglycan synthesis was also significant, with increases of 36% for chondroitin-4-sulfate and 68% for hyaluronic acid. These results were confirmed using a skin equivalent model. In this model, the soya peptide increased the thickness of the epidermis.     

The Effect of Proteinase A on Foam‐Active Polypeptides During High and Low Gravity Fermentation

The ability of beer to produce good foam is influenced by the level of foam‐active polypeptides. Specific polypeptides with hydrophobic domains, such as Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP1), are important components of beer foam. Although, high gravity brewing is a commercially viable technique, it has the disadvantage of producing beer with less foam stability compared to lower gravity brewed counterparts. It is thought that proteinase A plays a key role in the degradation of these hydrophobic polypeptides responsible the beer foam stability. The object of this study was to compare and quantify the loss of hydrophobic polypeptides and specifically foam‐LTP1 during high gravity (20°Plato) and low gravity (12°Plato) wort fermentations and to evaluate the effect of proteinase A on these polypeptides. The losses of hydrophobic polypeptides and foam‐LTP1 were generally greater in high gravity brews. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that proteinase A alters the hydrophobicity of these polypeptides rather than their molecular size. Approximately 20% of hydrophobic polypeptides and approximately 57% of foam‐LTP1 appeared to be proteinase A resistant. These differential losses of hydrophobic polypeptide and foam‐LTP1 could have implications for the foam stability of the finished product.     

泥鳅高值化开发利用研究进展

随着泥鳅养殖产业的不断发展,泥鳅资源的开发和利用成为研究热点,作为高蛋白低脂肪的美味营养品,泥鳅具有重要的营养保健功能和临床药用价值,其含有泥鳅多糖、多肽、凝集素、抗菌肽、超氧化物歧化酶、透明质酸等多种活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗癌、降血糖、降血压、免疫调节、防衰老等重要的功能。本文主要对泥鳅的营养价值、精深加工制品开发及活性物质研究等方面进行综述,旨在为泥鳅资源的高值化综合利用提供参考,以推动泥鳅的精深加工并提高泥鳅的附加值,为促进泥鳅产业的健康发展提供新的思路。     

海洋贝类蛋白源生物活性肽及肽组学的研究进展

海洋贝类作为一种原料大宗广泛易得的优质蛋白质资源,是生物活性肽开发的理想原料。本文对海洋贝类蛋白资源生物活性肽的概念、国内外研究进展进行了综述,并重点介绍了肽组学在活性肽结构鉴定中的应用,同时对贝类蛋白资源生物活性肽面临的机遇与挑战进行了分析,旨在为开发海洋贝类蛋白资源及其活性肽提供思路。      

Peptide array-based interaction assay of solid-bound peptides and anchorage-dependant cells and its effectiveness in cell-adhesive peptide design

Peptide array, the designable peptide library covalently synthesized on cellulose support, was applied to assay peptide-cell interaction, between solid-bound peptides and anchorage-dependant cells, to study objective peptide design. As a model case, cell-adhesive peptides that could enhance cell growth as tissue engineering scaffold material, was studied. On the peptide array, the relative cell-adhesion ratio of NIH/3T3 cells was 2.5-fold higher on the RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptide spot as compared to the spot with no peptide, thus indicating integrin-mediated peptide-cell interaction. Such strong cell adhesion mediated by the RGDS peptide was easily disrupted by single residue substitution on the peptide array, thus indicating that the sequence recognition accuracy of cells was strictly conserved in our optimized scheme. The observed cellular morphological extension with active actin stress-fiber on the RGD motif-containing peptide supported our strategy that peptide array-based interaction assay of solid-bound peptide and anchorage-dependant cells (PIASPAC) could provide quantitative data on biological peptide-cell interaction. The analysis of 180 peptides obtained from fibronectin type III domain (no. 1447-1629) yielded 18 novel cell-adhesive peptides without the RGD motif. Taken together with the novel candidates, representative rules of ineffective amino acid usage were obtained from non-effective candidate sequences for the effective designing of cell-adhesive peptides. On comparing the amino acid usage of the top 20 and last 20 peptides from the 180 peptides, the following four brief design rules were indicated: (i) Arg or Lys of positively charged amino acids (except His) could enhance cell adhesion, (ii) small hydrophilic amino acids are favored in cell-adhesion peptides, (iii) negatively charged amino acids and small amino acids (except Gly) could reduce cell adhesion, and (iv) Cys and Met could be excluded from the sequence combination since they have less influence on the peptide design. Such rules that are indicative of the nature of the functional peptide sequence can be obtained only by the mass comparison analysis of PIASPAC using peptide array. By following such indicative rules, numerous amino acid combinations can be effectively screened for further examination of novel peptide design.