调频信号的数字化解调

介绍一种用3参数正弦波拟合算法实现的、绝对收敛的4参数最小二乘正弦波拟合算法，给出了其收敛区间、绝对收敛判据以及实现过程，在此基础上讨论实现正弦载波的调频信号的精确解调问题，使用一个周期的正弦波曲线模型的滑动拟合法，实现了频率调制信号波形的精确解调，在调制信号是方波的情况下，给出了频率解调的仿真结果和其它参数的波动情况；在1个实测调频曲线波形上进行的解调分析，给出了频率调制波形的解调结果，同时，在调制信号也是正弦波的情况下，给出了解调失真的计算方法和结果。本方法是评价载波为正弦波的调频信号的一种优良方法，准确度高、分辨力强，可用于调频信号源及其解调设备的指标评价和计量测试。     

调相信号的一种数字化精确解调方法

介绍了一种用三参数正弦波拟合算法实现的、绝对收敛的四参数最小二乘正弦波拟合算法，给出了其收敛区间、绝对收敛判据以及实现过程。通过使用一个周期的正弦波曲线模型的滑动拟合法，实现了正弦载波相位调制信号波形的精确解调。在调制信号是方波的情况下，给出了相位解调的仿真结果和其它参数的波动情况；在一个实测调相曲线波形上进行的解调分析，给出了相位调制波形的解调结果，同时，在调制信号是正弦波的情况下，给出了解调失真的计算方法和结果。本方法是评价载波为正弦波的调相信号的一种良好方法，准确度高、分辨力高，可用于调相信号源及其解调设备的指标评价和计量测试。     

振动调频信号的时延二次变换解调研究

调频信号在频谱上具有与调幅信号相同的频率分布特征，然而，轴承和齿轮故障诊断中常用的解调方法却只适用于调幅信号，不能分析调频信号。基于以上问题，从确定调频信号频率分量幅值的贝塞尔函数的性质出发，分析了平方解调法不能对调频信号进行解调的原因。分析过程中发现由于贝塞尔函数的一些特殊性质，使得常用的解调方法不再适用于调频信号。针对这个原理，本文提出利用时延二次变换（信号与时延信号的乘积）打破调频信号边频分量的贝塞尔函数的特殊性，使得变换之后的信号中包含有调制频率，从而实现了对调频信号的解调。     

振动调幅调频信号的调制边频带分析及其解调方法

机械设备（如齿轮系统）中的振动信号，调幅现象和调频现象总是同时存在的，测得振动信号的频谱中通常包括有很多调制边频成分。而且不同于单一调幅或者单一调频情况下的对称调制边频带，当调幅和调频共同作用时，调制边频带一般都是不对称的。理论上分析调幅和调频共同作用时频谱中调制边频带不对称的原因，并采用广义检波滤波解调方法和循环自相关分析方法对其进行解调。仿真验证理论结果正确，并对滚动轴承实验信号和齿轮箱实测信号进行了分析。     

齿轮故障振动啮合调幅调频信号分离方法

齿轮故障时振动信号中同时存在调幅调频信号。基于齿轮故障振动啮合调制信号数学模型,利用平方幅值解调和基于调频信号与第一类贝塞尔函数之间关系的频率解调方法,分别建立关于调幅和调频参数的非线性方程组;再应用最小二乘优化算法求解参数,提出一种调幅调频信号准确分离的新方法。并将离散频谱校正技术用于提高该分离方法的准确性。仿真结果表明：该方法精度高,抗干扰能力强;分离出的调频信号比希尔伯特变换和基于能量算子解调求解的调频信号精度高。实验分析表明,不同故障分离的调幅调频信号存在明显的特征和差异,从而为齿轮箱故障提供了一种新的诊断方法。     

超声波测振信号的能量算子解调方法

连续超声波束遇到振动物体表面会产生多普勒效应,反射超声波信号是受振动信号调制的非线性调相信号。对反射波信号求导获得调幅调频信号,再采用能量算子对称差分法,求取该调幅调频信号的瞬时幅值及瞬时频率。鉴于超声波反射回波信号存在幅值衰减现象,而超声波频率不易受外界干扰,故通过调幅调频信号的瞬时频率提取被测物体的振动速度,并由振动速度求导得到振动加速度。同时,从幅值及频率两个方面探讨振动测量范围。仿真及实验结果表明:基于能量算子的超声波测振信号解调方法能有效地提取振动信号,与传统的相位解调方法相比,具有更大的测量范围。     

一种时域解调激光干涉仪调制信号的方法

针对某低频水平振动校准设备的激光干涉仪,利用NI公司的多功能采集卡,采集激光干涉仪的调制信号及与其同相位的电容式位移传感器的输出信号.根据激光干涉仪调制原理,提出一种时域解调调制信号的方法.根据调制信号条纹的时域特性和它被限幅的实际特点,利用labview软件实现了信号的解调,并将电容位移传感器信号作为参考信号,还原解调后信号的相位,从而得到振动台高精度的振动波形.实验证明,此方法对连续振动信号的解调效果良好,具有较好的重复性和稳定性,精度可达到激光干涉仪发射激光波长的四分之一.     

调相信号的数字化解调

通过单周期正弦波曲线模型的滑动拟合法,获得正弦序列的瞬时频率信息,使用对瞬时频率的积分运算,实现了正弦载波相位调制信号波形的精确解调.在调制信号是方波的情况下,给出了相位解调的仿真结果和其它参数的波动情况;在1个实测调相曲线波形上进行的解调分析,给出了相位调制波形的解调结果;在调制信号也是正弦波的情况下,给出了解调失真的计算方法和结果.本方法用于评价载波为正弦波的调相信号时,具有准确度高、分辨力高的特点,可用于调相信号源及其解调设备的指标评价和计量测试.     

广义解调时频分析方法在调制信号处理中的应用

介绍了一种新的信号处理方法-基于广义解调的时频分析方法,并将这种方法应用于调制信号的处理。广义解调时频分析方法采用广义解调将时频分布是曲线的信号变换为时频分布是平行于时间坐标轴的直线的信号,然后采用最大重叠离散小波包变换（Maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform,简称MODWPT）对广义解调后的信号进行分解,得到若干个瞬时频率和瞬时幅值都具有物理意义的单分量信号,再对各个单分量信号进行逆广义解调,进一步求出瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,从而得到原始信号完整的时频分布。采用广义解调时频分析方法对调幅-调频信号进行了分析,结果表明该方法能有效地提取调幅-调频信号的调制信息。     

光子多普勒测速系统信号解调方法比较

光子多普勒测速系统具有抗干扰能力强、测速范围大等优点,适用于信噪比低、信号质量差的测量场合。介绍光子多普勒测速系统的工作原理,详细阐述常用的四种信号解调方法——条纹法、相位解调法、短时傅里叶变换法、小波变换法的原理、特点和近几年的研究现状。利用上述四种信号解调方法对简谐振动调制的多普勒信号进行解调仿真,直观地展示不同信号解调方法的优缺点和适用性。实验结果表明,相位解调法最适合用于光子多普勒测速系统振动信号解调。最后讨论了采用递归希尔伯特变换的方法减小相位解调法的正交性误差的可行性,通过仿真实验验证了此方法的有效性。     

基于生成微分方程的行星齿轮箱故障振动信号解调分析

行星齿轮箱振动信号具有明显的调制特点,幅值解调和频率解调分析能够有效提取其中的故障信息。生成微分方程(GDE)方法可以估计调制信号的幅值包络和瞬时频率,实现解调分析,但该方法需要信号满足单分量要求。实际行星齿轮箱振动信号通常由复杂多分量成分组成,为实现信号的幅值解调和频率解调分析,应用经验模式分解(EMD)将信号分解为单分量本质模式函数,基于生成微分方程计算瞬时频率和幅值包络,根据瞬时频率的波动特点选择本质模式函数作为敏感分量,由敏感分量的包络谱和瞬时频率的Fourier频谱识别故障特征频率。通过行星齿轮箱故障模拟实验数据分析验证了解调分析方法的效果。     

VOR信号量值溯源技术研究

基于相位发生器和调频调幅设备建立了甚高频全向信标(VOR)标准信号发生装置,将VOR相位量值溯源至国家相位基准,解决了传统基于直接数字信号合成方法难以实现量值溯源的问题。对VOR标准信号发生装置的不确定度进行了评定,VOR相位扩展不确定度小于±0.020°(k=2),VOR调幅深度不确定度为±0.2%(k=2)。基于该标准信号发生装置可以对商用VOR信号发生和解调设备提供校准。     

Limitation of the frequency stability by local oscillator phase noise: new investigations and natural improvements

In frequency standards in which the atoms have a continuous interaction with the probe signal, local oscillator phase noise may limit medium term frequency stability. This spurious effect cannot be suppressed whenever there Is any truncation in the spectrum of the resonator response. Nevertheless, a simultaneous processing of the probe signal, similar to that of the NIST, and of the resonator response (by means of an appropriate demodulation) makes it possible to reduce this limiting effect. Previously achieved with a square wave frequency modulation, this result is now extended to various frequency modulations. An uncontrolled distortion in the demodulation waveform may significantly degrade the performance. For the case of a square wave phase modulation, the limiting effect also exists, but it is smaller than for a frequency modulation. When the phase noise of the local oscillator is naturally "not flat", it is possible to easily reduce the spurious effect: using the quasi-static approximation, one can calculate various optimized demodulation waveforms and the corresponding improvements. For the simplest optimized demodulation (f (M), 3f(M)), theoretical predictions are experimentally confirmed for flicker phase noise and flicker frequency noise.     

Digital signal processing for step-scan phase and electrochemical potential double-modulation Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Step-scan double-modulation (phase and electrochemical potential) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry provides both spectroscopic and dynamic information about faradaic reactions. Recently introduced digital signal processing (DSP) can be used, instead of two lock-in amplifiers, for the optical signal demodulation at two modulation frequencies. In order to establish the merits of double-modulation FT-IR spectrometry with DSP, spectro-electrochemical experiments are performed in the attenuated total reflection configuration and with the commonly used ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple. Because of a large potential drop associated with the uncompensated resistance, a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio for the alternating current (ac) optical measurements is obtained only with the employment of positive feedback compensation. In this arrangement, the amplitude of electrochemical modulation is sufficiently large to convert a significant fraction of the reduced form to the oxidized form and back to the reduced form. Large amplitude ac voltammetry demonstrates that the phase of faradaic admittance at the formal potential is approximately 45 degrees at 2.00 Hz. In addition, these experiments allow for calculation of the interfacial ac potential. This variable is needed for the normalization of the in-phase and the quadrature spectra in order to overcome the problem associated with the iR(u) drop. Because of the integral relationship between the faradaic current and the electromodulation reflectance coefficient, the phases of electromodulation reflectance coefficient with respect to the interfacial ac potential are expected to be -45 degrees and 135 degrees for the reduced and oxidized forms, respectively. However, dynamic information from double-modulation FT-IR spectrometry is available only if demodulation at the electrochemical potential modulation frequency is performed with respect to a defined phase. Because of an undefined demodulation phase implemented in the current version of DSP software, step-scan double-modulation FT-IR spectrometry with DSP is suitable only to provide spectroscopic information. In order to overcome this limitation, the demodulation of the ac optical signal at the electrochemical modulation frequency must be synchronized in phase with the ac potential modulation applied to the electrochemical cell.     

往复机械特征频段信号的解调分解及其应用

提出了往复机械特征频段加速度信号的调幅调频模型,并基于此模型用标准解调法Ｈｉｌｅｒｔ变换法推导出了特征频段加速度信号的解调分解公式。分析和解调测试说明,提出的解调分解方法可成功地实现对特征频段加速度信号的解调分解。在往复机械诊断中的运用实例说明,特征频段信号经解调分解获得的新参量对往复机械的故障诊断是有意义的。     

Direct bidirectional angle-insensitive imaging of the flow signal intensity in Doppler optical coherence tomography

We introduce a new method, to our knowledge, for direct detection of flow signal intensity by stationary target rejection. In our system, two delay lines are constructed with identical scanning speed and ranging depth. One delay line is used for depth ranging as well as phase modulation, and the other one acts as a full-range retroreflector (FRRR). The signal from this FRRR carries the overall features of local phase modulation, and it is used as the local oscillator for coherent demodulation. With this setup, stationary targets can be rejected at a 4-kHz high-pass cutoff frequency of the filter that follows the demodulator, compared with 20 kHz for conventional fixed-frequency demodulation. This technique features angle insensitivity and provides flow direction as well by implementing standard in-phase and quadrature detection. Besides the direct directional detection of flow signal intensity, flow speed information can be acquired with postprocessing.     

基于希尔伯特变换的信号解调算法及其在飞机供电特性参数测试系统中的应用

电压调制幅度、频率调制幅度和畸变频谱是对飞机机载电源系统供电特性参数进行测试时与信号调制相关的重要参数。为了更好地测试这些参数,提出了一种基于希尔伯特变换原理的数字解调算法,可以将采集的幅度或频率调制信号进行解调分析;同时,构建了一套飞机供电特性参数测试系统,将解调程序与硬件设备结合,通过程序控制数据采集卡对机载电源信号采样与解调分析;设计了实验对波形发生器产生的调制信号进行采样与解调,验证了该系统具有良好的效果,可以应用于飞机供电特性参数的测试中。     

Expansion of linear range of Pound-Drever-Hall signal

We propose new solutions for expanding the linear signal range between the laser frequency deviation (or mirror position) and the voltage signal derived by the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method for optical Fabry-Perot cavity resonance control. One solution is to perform not in-phase demodulation but near-Q-phase demodulation. Another solution is to take a suitable combination of signals demodulated by odd-harmonic modulation frequencies in the in phase. Although the PDH signal sensitivity will be diminished, the PDH signal linear range can be extended. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable that a sideband frequency for the PDH method is near the FP cavity resonance.     

基于幅值和相位解调分析的齿轮箱起动过程故障诊断

针对齿轮箱升降速过程中振动信号非平稳的特点,将阶次跟踪、角域平均和幅值、相位解调分析技术相结合,提出了基于幅值和相位解调分析的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先对齿轮箱升降速瞬态信号进行时域同步采样,再对时域信号进行等角度重采样,转化为角域平稳信号,然后对角域信号进行角域平均,以消除干扰噪声的影响,最后对角域平均信号进行幅值和相位解调分析,根据幅值和相位解调函数图,就可提取齿轮的故障特征.通过对齿轮齿根裂纹故障实验信号的分析,表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的裂纹故障.