钢铁表面化学吸附成膜工艺

采用一步法对钢铁表面化学吸附成膜技术进行了研究,通过单因素试验优化出较佳的工艺条件:聚乙二醇(400)20mL/L,三乙醇胺40mL/L,硅烷偶联剂10mL/L,丙三醇15mL/L,温度45°C,pH=10,处理时间8min。试验结果表明,在此条件下得到的化学吸附膜耐硫酸铜点滴时间为68s,附着力0级,冲击强度50kg·cm。该化学吸附膜综合性能优于传统的磷化膜。     

KH-570改性纳米TiO_2复合丙烯酸防污涂料性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂KH-570改性纳米TiO2,将其添加到丙烯酸树脂中,制得改性纳米TiO2复合丙烯酸树脂。通过扫描电镜表征和接触角分析,发现KH-570改性纳米TiO2复合丙烯酸树脂成膜后具有明显的微米-纳米表面结构,成膜物的水接触角由75°提高到115°;海上挂板实验表明:KH-570改性纳米TiO2复合丙烯酸防污涂料具有较强的防污性能,能够有效抑制海洋生物附着。     

改性叶蜡石在NR胶料中的应用

试验研究改性叶蜡石对NR胶料性能的影响.结果表明,几种常用改性剂对叶蜡石填充NR硫化胶物理性能的影响程度大小依次为:硅烷偶联剂KH-560、钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201,硅烷偶联剂KH-55O、钛酸醇偶联剂NDZ-101、硬脂酸;采用1.5份硅烷偶联剂KH-560对叶蜡石进行表面改性,当改性叶蜡石/炭黑N330并用比为30/30时,NR硫化胶的综合物理性能最佳.     

埃洛石/聚苯胺复合材料纳米管的制备

本文以埃洛石(HNTs)纳米管作为无机客体,使用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对其进行有机修饰,形成自组装单片层(SAM)包覆的无机客体OHNTs,并使苯胺单体在OHNTs表面接枝聚合,制备了OHNTs/PANI复合材料纳米管。使用SEM对OHNTs的分散性和OHNTs/PANI复合材料纳米管的形貌进行了研究,使用FTIR和UV-Vis对材料的结构进行了表征,并对OHNTs/PANI的电阻率进行了研究。     

单因素优化超强聚乙烯纤维表面改性工艺

为使超强聚乙烯纤维更好地应用于复合材料中,采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对超强聚乙烯纤维进行表面处理。通过单因素法分析硅烷偶联剂KH-550的处理浓度、处理时间、处理温度对超强聚乙烯纤维界面剪切强度和断裂强力的影响,得到硅烷偶联剂KH-550对超强聚乙烯纤维的较优改性工艺为:硅烷偶联剂KH-550质量分数为12.5%~17.5%,处理温度为45~55℃,处理时间为5~7 h。     

橄榄石酸溶制备超细二氧化硅改性研究

橄榄石酸溶制备超细二氧化硅工艺简单、生产成本低。但是制备的超细二氧化硅表面羟基键合严重、分散性能差、易团聚。利用硅烷偶联剂对橄榄石酸溶制备的超细二氧化硅进行改性研究。采用单因素实验考察了硅烷偶联剂品种、改性时间、改性温度及改性剂用量等因素对超细二氧化硅改性效果的影响。实验结果表明,在硅烷偶联剂KH-550加入量为6 mL/g、改性时间为5 h、改性温度为75 ℃条件下,制备的超细二氧化硅表面的羟基数量减少至2.08×10 ²⁰ 个/g、接枝率为8.35%、接触角达到101.51°,极大地提高了超细二氧化硅的表面疏水性。     

AA6061铝合金Ti-Zr-Ce化学转化工艺

以H_2TiF_6、H_2ZrF_6为主成膜剂,通过添加六偏磷酸钠和六水合硝酸铈,在铝合金表面制备了Ti-Zr-Ce转化膜。通过正交试验确定了最佳的成膜配方为:H_2TiF_6(质量分数为50%) 2.0mL/L,H_2ZrF_6(质量分数为40%) 1.0 mL/L,六偏磷酸钠0.50 g/L,六水合硝酸铈0.10 g/L,反应温度30℃,反应时间150 s,pH值3.5。Ti-Zr-Ce转化膜的自腐蚀电位为-0.577 V,自腐蚀电流密度为0.115μA/cm~2,耐蚀性好。     

纳米SiO2的制备及其原位改性

以天然优质粉石英自制的Na2O·3.1SiO2为原料、硅烷偶联剂KH-560、KH-570为改性剂、HCl为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了分散性好的改性纳米SiO2粉体.研究了硅烷偶联剂KH-560、KH-570对溶液中生成的二氧化硅粒子表面原位改性的影响及机理,优化了制备改性纳米SiO2粉体的工艺条件.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析仪及粘度计对制备的产物进行了表征.结果表明硅烷偶联剂KH-560、KH-570都是有效的改性剂.     

硅烷偶联剂对芳纶的优化改性

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对芳纶进行表面处理。通过单因素法分析硅烷偶联剂KH-550在不同处理条件(浓度、温度和时间)下芳纶的断裂强力和界面剪切强度;再通过正交实验法得到硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性芳纶的最佳方案。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂KH-550表面处理芳纶的最优工艺为:浓度20%,温度55℃,时间7 h;得到芳纶的界面剪切强度增加率远远高于断裂强力损失率,芳纶的断裂强力损失率为7.79%,界面剪切强度增加率为14.59%,有利于纤维与树脂界面的结合。     

表面亲水改性聚丙烯纤维的性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对溶胀处理后的聚丙烯纤维表面进行亲水改性,并对改性聚丙烯纤维采用傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、扫描电镜以及接触角测量仪进行了分析和表征,结果表明,硅烷偶联剂KH-570能有效的对聚丙烯纤维表面进行亲水改性,在聚丙烯纤维的表面发生了自水解反应,包裹在了纤维的表面,通过其自身的官能团,提高了聚丙烯纤维表面的亲水性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。