Microstructural Evolution During Friction Stir Welding of Mild Steel and Ni-Based Alloy 625

Microstructure evolution during friction stir welding (FSW) of mild steel and Ni-based alloy 625 was studied. Regarding the Ni-based alloy, the welding process led to grain refinement caused by discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization, where bulging of the pre-existing grains and subgrain rotation were the primary mechanisms of recrystallization. In the steel, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization was identified as the recovery process experienced by the austenite. Simple shear textures were observed in the regions affected by the deformation of both materials. Although the allotropic transformation obscured the deformation history, the thermo-mechanically affected zone was identified in the steel by simple shear texture components. A new methodology for the study of texture evolution based on rotations of the slip systems using pole figures is presented as an approximation to describe the texture evolution in FSW.     

Strong Impact of Minor Elements on the Microstructural Evolution of an Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 Alloy

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Inconel 625, whereas designed as a single-phase solid-solution-strengthened alloy, is prone to formation of various precipitate phases under processing...     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Aged Nickel-based Alloy 625 Weld Metal

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The aim of this work was to evaluate the different phases formed during solidification and after thermal aging of the as-welded 625 nickel-based alloy,...     

Influence of Cold Work on the Microstructural Evolution and Hardness During Aging of AA6061 Alloy

It is well known that the kinetics of precipitation is altered with the degree of cold working and this study aims to bring out the effect of cold working on the aging response of the alloy AA6061 along with the studies of microstructural evolution. The as-received samples were initially solutionized at 530 °C and subsequently aged at 160 °C for varying time from 2 to 28 h at intervals of 2 h. A peak hardness of 124 HV was observed at 15 h beyond which the hardness decreased due to overaging. The solutionized samples were also subjected to various degrees of cold working and the increase in hardness by virtue of strain hardening was observed. The samples that were cold worked to various levels (10, 20, 30% etc.) were subsequently aged at 160 °C for 4 h. A peak hardness of 134 HV was obtained for the sample cold worked to 75% and subsequently aged for 4 h and this was attributed to the increase in the dislocation density that improved the kinetics of precipitation. The evolution of microstructure for various samples during the course of aging was observed using transmission electron microscopy and the changes in the properties were correlated to the obtained microstructure.     

Microstructural Evolutions During Reversion Annealing of Cold-Rolled AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Microstructural evolutions during reversion annealing of a plastically deformed AISI 316 stainless steel were investigated and three distinct stages...     

Microstructural Evolution of Al-1Fe (Weight Percent) Alloy During Accumulative Continuous Extrusion Forming

As a new microstructure refining method, accumulative continuous extrusion forming (ACEF) cannot only refine metal matrix but also refine the phases that exist in it. In order to detect the refinements of grain and second phase during the process, Al-1Fe (wt pct) alloy was processed by ACEF, and the microstructural evolution was analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results revealed that the average grain size of Al-1Fe (wt pct) alloy decreased from 13 to 1.2 μm, and blocky Al₃Fe phase with an average length of 300 nm was granulated to Al₃Fe particle with an average diameter of 200 nm, after one pass of ACEF. Refinement of grain was attributed to continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), and the granulation of Al₃Fe phase included the spheroidization resulting from deformation heat and the fragmentation caused by the coupling effects of strain and thermal effect. The spheroidization worked in almost the entire deformation process, while the fragmentation required strain accumulation. However, fragmentation contributed more than spheroidization. Al₃Fe particle stimulated the formation of substructure and retarded the migration of recrystallized grain boundary, but the effect of Al₃Fe phase on refinement of grain could only be determined by the contrastive investigation of Al-1Fe (wt pct) alloy and pure Al.     

普通取向硅钢轧制过程中组织和织构的演变

借助电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及ZEISS-200MAT金相显微镜对某钢厂普通取向硅钢(CGO)进行研究,研究结果表明:热轧板组织、织构沿板厚方向存在明显的不均匀性,在热轧板表层及次表层发生再结晶,同时存在强度较高的Goss织构,中心层存在较强的{001}110变形织构。冷轧组织均呈纤维状条带组织,一次冷轧后,热轧板中的Goss织构消失,织构主要为α、γ织构,经中间脱碳退火后,α、γ织构强度减弱,并出现一定强度的Goss织构和利于Goss织构发展的{554}225、{332}113等织构,经二次冷轧后,二次冷轧织构类型与一次冷轧织构一致,但织构强度不同。     

冲击磨损中合金结构钢的组织结构变化

利用自行研制的落球冲击磨损实验装置，在模拟球磨机的工矿条件下，研究了冲击磨损后样品的组织结构变化，实验结果发现，硬度较低的样品冲击磨损后产生了剧烈的塑性变形，甚至形成绝切的形变带，硬度较高的样品冲击磨损后得到了表面白层和亚表层白层，有时在样品表面下产生了白色块状组织，还利用透射电子显微镜观察了白层的形貌。     

Effect of Process Parameters on Porosity in Laser Deposited IN625 Alloy

Laser engineered net shaping is an emerging solid freeform fabrication technique which is used to produce parts directly from the CAD model. In the present study, the influence of LENS process parameters namely laser power, scan velocity and powder feed rate on porosity of IN625 alloy deposit has been studied. These process parameters were optimized to obtain nearly fully dense IN625 deposits with superior mechanical properties.     

时效处理对Cr20Ni32AlTi合金室温冲击性能的影响

 研究了铁镍基耐热耐蚀合金Cr20Ni32AlTi在1150℃、15min固溶处理并经450~850℃、05~5h的时效处理后室温冲击性能的变化规律。结果表明,450℃时效冲击性能最好。随时效温度升高,时效时间延长,冲击性能下降。450~850℃时效时,在合金晶界上有碳化物M23C6析出,且随温度增加和时间延长,析出增加。850℃时冲击功最低,此时碳化物M23C6析出相呈连续颗粒状析出,布满整个晶界。且观察到一些部位碳化物M23C6析出相形成薄膜,冲击时因基体变形而脆断成条块状。     

Microstructural Evolution During Laser Resolidification of Fe-25 Atom Percent Ge Alloy

The microstructural evolution of concentrated alloys is relatively less understood both in terms of experiments as well as theory. Laser resolidification represents a powerful technique to study the solidification behavior under controlled growth conditions. This technique has been utilized in the current study to probe experimentally microstructural selection during rapid solidification of concentrated Fe-25 atom pct Ge alloy. Under the equilibrium solidification condition, the alloy undergoes a peritectic reaction between ordered α ₂ (B2) and its liquid, leading to the formation of ordered hexagonal intermetallic phase ε (DO19). In general, the as-cast microstructure consists of ε phase and ε–β eutectic and α ₂ that forms as a result of an incomplete peritectic reaction. With increasing laser scanning velocity, the solidification front undergoes a number of morphological transitions leading to the selection of the microstructure corresponding to metastable α ₂/β eutectic to α ₂ dendrite + α ₂/β eutectic to α ₂ dendrite. The transition velocities as obtained from the experiments are well characterized. The microstructural selection is discussed using competitive growth kinetics. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Solidification Modeling and Microstructure Formation: In Honor of Prof. John Hunt,” which occurred March 13-15, 2006, during the TMS Spring Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, under the auspices of the TMS Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division, Solidification Committee.     

GH169合金高温长期时效后的组织性能变化

对ＧＨ１６９合金进行了６００℃、１０００ｈ和６５０℃、６０００ｈ的长期时效。６００℃时效１０００ｈ后，合金的组织、性能未见明显变化；在６５０℃时效至６０００ｈ后，合金组织发生变化：γ″相粗化、大量γ″相转化成δ相、晶界两侧的γ″相贫化区加宽。同时合金的拉伸性能在６５０℃、１０００ｈ时效后也随着时效时间的延长而下降，其持久寿命下降更快。     

Modeling of the Precipitation Kinetics During Aging a Predeformed Fe-Cu Alloy

A model is developed to describe the microstructure evolution during aging a Fe-Cu alloy. The precipitation process during aging a predeformed Fe-1.5 wt pct Cu is calculated and the kinetic details of aging are discussed. The model is satisfactorily tested by comparing with the reported experimental results. The numerical results demonstrate that the nucleation of the precipitates occurs on dislocations first. However, the maximum nucleation rate of the precipitates in the matrix is much higher than that on dislocations and it is not affected by the appearance of dislocations. Only a small fraction of precipitates locate on dislocations immediately after nucleation. The particles in the matrix dissolve preferentially during coarsening, and most of the remained precipitates locate on dislocations in an overaged sample. Dislocations have little effect on the number density and average radius of the precipitates in the late stage of aging, although they promote the beginning of precipitation in the early stage of aging. The heating rate of the specimen almost does not affect the summit of the particle number density as well as its corresponding mean particle radius.     

Evolution of Grain Boundary Precipitates in an Al-Cu-Li Alloy During Aging

The grain boundary microstructure of Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2050 was investigated for different isothermal aging times to rationalize intergranular corrosion (IGC) characteristics. In the underaged condition, the dominant grain boundary precipitates are fine T₁ (Al₂CuLi). Extended aging revealed that grain boundaries were decorated by large T₁ precipitates and S′ phase (Al₂CuMg), with S′ growth not dimensionally constrained. Such a transition in the precipitate type at grain boundaries is a unique feature of the Al-Cu-Li system.     

时效温度对K487合金组织和性能的影响

 研究了不同时效温度对K487合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随时效温度提高,合金组织中γ′相尺寸增大,针状μ相减少,不规则块状和条状μ相边缘尖角变圆钝,合金强度下降,塑性提高。经900 ℃×5 h时效后,合金可获得较好的综合性能,其屈服强度约685 MPa,伸长率和断面收缩率分别达到105%和155%。