纸蜂窝夹层板主共振频率的影响因素

目的 研究芯层结构因素和静应力因素对纸蜂窝夹层板-质量系统主共振频率的影响。方法 采用正弦振动试验测试纸蜂窝夹层板-质量系统的振动传递特性,分析不同静应力作用下不同蜂窝芯的纸蜂窝夹层板-质量系统的主共振频率变化规律。结果 纸蜂窝夹层板-质量系统的主共振频率在150~350 Hz之间;蜂窝芯结构及芯层材料影响纸蜂窝夹层板的刚性,从而影响系统的主共振频率;载荷质量变化引起静应力的变化,也会影响系统的主共振频率。主共振频率均随蜂窝胞元边长、纸板厚度、芯纸定量及静应力的增大而降低。结论 可为纸蜂窝夹层板的振动传递特性研究提供基础,有助于不同材质蜂窝夹层板的优化设计。     

四边简支新型类方形蜂窝夹层结构振动特性研究

新型类方形蜂窝是六边形蜂窝的一种过渡形式,对其等效弹性参数和振动特性的研究具有重要意义。采用改进的Gibson公式对比分析了双壁厚与等壁厚类方形蜂窝夹芯的面内等效弹性参数的差异,并应用经典层合板理论分析了不同等效弹性参数下2种壁厚类型的四边简支类方形蜂窝夹层结构的振动特性,基于有限元仿真技术分析了不同壁厚类方形蜂窝夹层结构的振动特性,并与理论分析结果进行对比。结果表明等效弹性参数的数值模拟结果与理论值基本吻合。在蜂窝基本结构参数相同的条件下,双壁厚类方形蜂窝夹芯的面内等效剪切模量、面外刚度和等效密度均比等壁厚类方形蜂窝夹芯大;在低阶振动模态下,双壁厚类方形蜂窝夹层结构的固有频率比等壁厚类方形蜂窝夹层结构的低,在高阶振动模态下,双壁厚类方形蜂窝夹层结构的固有频率比等壁厚类方形蜂窝夹层结构的高;影响夹层结构固有频率的3个主要因素所占权重由大到小依次为蜂窝夹芯yoz面等效剪切模量、蜂窝夹芯等效密度,蜂窝夹芯壁厚。研究结果表明采用经典层结构理论计算得到类方形蜂窝夹层结构的固有频率与数值仿真结果的一致性较好,这进一步证明了采用改进Gibson公式得到的类方形蜂窝夹芯等效弹性参数的正确性,同时证明了将该振动理论运用到一般蜂窝夹层结构研究的可行性,为扩展研究其他类型蜂窝夹层结构振动特性奠定了基础。     

Dynamic behaviour of sandwich structure containing spring-mass resonators

The behaviour of wave propagation in a sandwich beam with internal resonators is studied analytically and experimentally. It is found that, with the occurrence of a bandgap, waves generated by actuations in certain frequency range are forbidden to propagate into the sandwich beam without attenuation. By tailoring the local resonance frequency of the resonator, the range and the location of the bandgap can be selected. Also, from the experimental and FEA results, it is seen that waves can be significantly attenuated in a sandwich beam with a finite number of internal resonators if the forcing frequency is near the local resonance frequency. It is concluded that the resonators can be used as a mechanism for suppressing the flexural motion in a sandwich beam.     

夹层结构主动温控变阻尼振动控制技术

为提高夹层结构的抑振特性,开展了基于主动温控变阻尼技术的夹层结构振动控制方法研究。基于高分子聚合材料在玻璃化转变区的高阻尼特性,提出了一种针对夹层结构高分子聚合芯材进行温度控制,增大其损耗因子以提高结构阻尼的技术途径。根据此技术途径设计了以聚氨酯改性环氧材料为芯材,中间铺设加热膜的温控夹层梁。开展了不同控制温度下夹层梁的振动响应试验研究并探讨了温度对夹层梁弯曲刚度的影响规律,试验结果表明,当将夹层梁温度控制在玻璃化转变温度(Tg)左侧附近时,夹层梁的振动响应可较常温状态下降低8.85 dB,证明了所提出的主动温控变阻尼技术具有良好的抑振效果。     

Stress-induced frequency shifts in rotated Y-cut langasite resonators with electrodes considered

Stress-induced frequency shifts of the thickness-shear vibration of rotated Y-cut langasite resonators are studied with the electrode considered. The relationship between mass loading and force-frequency coefficients is explored for several kinds of electrode materials. Comparisons between Y-cut langasite and AT-cut quartz resonators are also presented.     

Application of the photo-elastic method to measurement of dynamicstress distribution for NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonators

NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonators are widely used as a frequency standard element in consumer products and communication equipment. The vibration mode of the resonators was analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) because they have a complicated shape. As a result, an asymmetrical vibration mode at the main resonant frequency has been obtained by the FEM simulation. But, it is necessary to confirm the asymmetrical vibration mode experimentally because it is just a simulation. In this paper, stress distributions of the NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonators are measured experimentally by using a dynamic photo-elastic method when the resonators are vibrating in the resonant frequency; thereafter, vibration modes of the NS-GT cut resonators are estimated with the experimental data of the stress distributions. This experiment for the NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonators exposes the existence of a twisted asymmetrical vibration mode at the main resonant frequency, with the magnitude of the twisted vibration in proportion to thickness of the resonators     

Thickness-shear vibrations of rotated Y-cut quartz plates with imperfectly bonded surface mass layers

A solution is obtained from the three-dimensional equations of linear piezoelectricity for the pure thickness-shear vibration of rotated Y-cut quartz or langasite plates with imperfectly bonded surface mass layers. The solution includes a few results in the literature as special cases. It is shown that the mass layers lower the resonant frequencies when they are relatively perfectly bonded to the crystal surface, and that loosely bonded mass layers may raise the frequencies. The results are useful in the analysis of frequency stability of quartz resonators and acoustic wave sensors.     

高斯激励黏弹性夹层梁的非线性随机响应特性

黏弹性夹层梁的随机振动控制是一个重要的实际问题。基于性能可控黏弹性体的夹层梁具有无需改变结构设计的可优化性而倍受关注。虽然关于该可控黏弹性夹层梁的振动已有一定研究,但所用的动力学模型在几何或物理上是线性的,而对于较强激励情况则需要考虑非线性因素。首次考虑该黏弹性体的物理非线性,建立黏弹性夹层梁及其支承质量系统的非线性运动微分方程,并离散化为多模态耦合的非线性振动方程;对于平稳随机激励,运用统计线性化法推导等价拟线性系统,并计算系统的随机响应,得到黏弹性夹层梁非线性随机振动的均方位移,及等价的频响函数和功率谱,用以评价可控黏弹性夹层梁的响应抑制性能。     

悬臂Kagome夹心板独立模态空间振动控制研究

针对悬臂板挠度大、低频振动突出问题,对悬臂Kagome夹心板的振动主动控制进行研究。建立结构及压电作动器有限元模型;将独立模态空间控制与模态观测器相结合,提出悬臂Kagome夹心板的主动控制策略;针对突风载荷作用下夹心板基于独立模态空间的振动控制进行仿真,重点研究观测器极点对控制效果影响。结果表明,所提控制方法能显著提高悬臂Kagome夹心板结构的阻尼特性,观测器衰减系数越大控制效果越好;该夹心板在振动控制方面较传统板结构优势明显。     

Design methodology of magnetic fields and structures for magneto-mechanical resonator based on topology optimization

Magneto-mechanical resonators—magnetically-driven vibration devices—are used in many mechanical and electrical devices. We develop topology optimization (TO) to configure the magnetic fields of such resonators to enable large vibrations under specified current input to be attained. A dynamic magneto-mechanical analysis in the frequency domain is considered where we introduce the surface magnetic force calculated from the Maxwell stress tensor. The optimization problem is then formulated involving specifically the maximization of the dynamic compliance. This formulation is implemented using the solid-isotropic-material-with-penalization method for TO by taking into account the relative permeability, Young’s modulus, and the mass density of the magnetic material as functions of the density function. Through the 2D numerical studies, we confirm that this TO method works well in designing magnetic field patterns and providing matching between the external current frequency and eigenfrequency of the vibrating structure.     

Impact analysis of fiber reinforced polymer honeycomb composite sandwich beams

Large scale fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structures have been used in highway bridge and building construction. Recent applications have demonstrated that FRP honeycomb sandwich panels can be effectively and economically applied for both new construction and rehabilitation and replacement of existing structures. This paper is concerned with impact analysis of an as-manufactured FRP honeycomb sandwich system with sinusoidal core geometry in the plane and extending vertically between face laminates. The analyses of the honeycomb structure and components including: (1) constituent materials and ply properties, (2) face laminates and core wall engineering properties, and (3) equivalent core material properties, are first introduced, and these properties for the face laminates and equivalent core are later used in dynamic analysis of sandwich beams. A higher-order impact sandwich beam theory by the authors [Yang MJ, Qiao P. Higher-order impact modeling of sandwich beams with flexible core. Int J Solids Struct 2005;42(20):5460–90] is adopted to carry out the free vibration and impact analyses of the FRP honeycomb sandwich system, from which the full elastic field (e.g., deformation and stress) under impact is predicted. The higher order vibration analysis of the FRP sandwich beams is conducted, and its accuracy is validated with the finite element Eigenvalue analysis using ABAQUS; while the predicted impact responses (e.g., contact force and central deflection) are compared with the finite element simulations by LS-DYNA. A parametric study with respect to projectile mass and velocity is performed, and the similar prediction trends with the linear solution are observed. Furthermore, the predicted stress fields are compared with the available strength data to predict the impact damage in the FRP sandwich system. The present impact analysis demonstrates the accuracy and capability of the higher order impact sandwich beam theory, and it can be used effectively in analysis, design applications and optimization of efficient FRP honeycomb composite sandwich structures for impact protection and mitigation.     

利用厚度剪切压电效应的自适应压电复合材料夹芯结构的研究

提出了利用厚度剪切压电效应的压电复合材料(PCM TS) 作为夹芯结构芯材的新型驱动方式, 分析了PCM TS 的驱动原理。针对含有1-3 型PCM TS 芯材的夹芯梁结构, 实验研究了PCM TS 在静电场作用下的驱动特性, 并利用PCM TS 芯材对夹芯梁的振动进行了主动控制实验。结果表明, 利用PCM TS 作为驱动元件, 夹芯梁获得了比较理想的变形量, 其振动也能得到较为有效的控制, 因此是一种很有应用前途的驱动方式。      

基于分层理论的螺栓连接夹芯复合材料加筋结构振动特性

针对采用螺栓连接方式固定的夹芯复合材料加筋结构,表层采用分层理论单元、芯层采用体单元,结合有限元方法计算固有频率和振型。通过试验验证,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合,并得到了在有限元分析中模拟实际结构边界条件的处理方法。试验结果对比表明,与钢制结构相比,夹芯复合材料加筋结构前三阶固有频率提高2倍以上,夹芯复合材料加筋结构能大幅提高整体结构刚度,改善结构的振动特性。      

The influence of correlating material parameters of gradient foam core on free vibration of sandwich panel

For the sandwich panel with mass density gradient (DG) foam core, the Young's modulus of the core varies with the mass density along the thickness direction. To characterize the correlative effect of Young's modulus and mass density of the DG closed-cell foam material, a simplified formula is presented. Subsequently, based on a high-order sandwich plate theory for sandwich panel with homogeneous core, a new gradient sandwich model is developed by introducing a gradient expression of material properties. Finite element (FE) simulation is carried out in order to verify this model. The results show that the proposed model can predict well the free vibration of composite sandwich panel with the gradient core. Finally, the correlating effects of material parameters of the DG foam core on the natural frequencies of sandwich panel are investigated. It is found that the natural frequencies of sandwich panels decrease as the gradient changes of the DG foam cores increase under the condition of that the core masses keep constant.     

复合材料面板对筒型基座整体抑振机制影响规律研究

提出一种新型复合材料筒型基座结构形式，其面板采用夹芯结构设计；通过系统阻抗特性分析理论预测面板结构及材料参数对基座减振性能的影响规律；针对夹芯面板开展静/动力学特性试验；以振级落差为减振效果评价指标，通过激振试验研究了面板结构参数对基座抑振机制的影响规律。研究结果表明：在频段 ，夹芯面板刚度能有效控制基座减振性能，随着频率的增加，面板刚度抑振机制减弱，阻尼高频损耗抑振机制增强；夹芯面板芯材厚度的增加对基座高频抑振性能优于表层厚度增加；面板对基座减振耗能贡献高于环壁间阻尼芯材。     

Vibration analysis of variable stiffness laminated composite sandwich plates

Abstract

This paper presents the free vibration analysis of a variable stiffness laminated composite sandwich plates. The fiber orientation angle of the face sheets (Skin) is assumed to vary linearly with the x-axis. The problem formulation is based on the higher-order shear deformation plate theory HDST C⁰ coupled with p-version of finite element method. The elements of the stiffness and mass matrices are calculated analytically. The sandwich plate is presented with a uniform mesh of four p-elements and the convergence properties are achieved by increasing the degree p of the hierarchical shape functions. A calculation program is developed to determine the fundamental frequencies for different physical and mechanical parameters such as plate thickness, core to face sheets thickness ratio, orientation angle of curvilinear fibers and boundary conditions. The results obtained show a good agreement with the available solutions in the literature. New comparison study of vibration response of laminated sandwich plate between the straight and curvilinear fibers is presented.     

Resonant frequencies of cantilevered (8,8)(3,3) double-walled carbon nanotube Resonator with short outer wall

Resonant frequencies of cantilevered (8,8)(3,3) double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) resonators are investigated via classical molecular dynamics simulation. The interwall van der Walls forces as a nonlinear function had a great effect on noncoaxial vibration of DWCNT resonators. Bandwidths of DWCNT resonators with short outer walls were similar with each other irregardless to the structural difference. The frequency trends of DWCNT resonators with short outer wall were affected by the outer wall length. The vibration of the DWCNT resonator with short outer wall was very closely related to the vibration of the inner CNT in the stripped region.     

Characterization and numerical evaluation of vibration on elastic–viscoelastic sandwich structures

The objective of this paper is to study the vibration characteristic for a sandwich beam with silica/polymer blend as principal material, and pure polymer matrix as surface laminate. It is anticipated that high stiffness and structure damping of viscoelastic layer can be obtained by taking advantage of fascinating network of densely packed between silica and polymer matrix. Spherical particles of size 12–235 nm at various filler fraction (10–50 wt.%) and three different polymer matrices, polyacrylate, polyimide and polypropylene, were selected as the matrix materials. The mechanical damping and stiffness of the sandwich cantilever beam are recorded by using a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMTA). The silica’s small particle size feature and strain difference between principal and surface layers could highly enhance the energy dissipation ability of the beam structure. A numerical model is then developed and validated for the vibration of a symmetric elastic–viscoelastic sandwich beam. Experimental results show that the structure deformation for these sandwich beams with contiguous and constraining layers are in reasonable agreement with the prediction of the model. Both higher resonant vibrations are well damped in accordance with the symmetric motion of the elastic layers and relative little motion of the constraining layer.     

直升机舱室声学超材料壁板的低频隔声性能分析

在直升机飞行过程中,旋翼、尾桨等噪声源在舱室内产生强烈的低频噪声,严重影响直升机的驾乘舒适性,长时间的噪声暴露会危及驾驶安全。直升机舱室常用的夹层壁板结构可有效隔绝中、高频噪声,但其低频隔声性能一般较弱。为有效降低直升机舱室内低频噪声,将局域共振型声学超材料与舱室夹层壁板结合,建立直升机舱室声学超材料壁板模型,采用有限元法分析平面波入射激励下声学超材料壁板的低频隔声性能,并探索局域振子质量、层间结构对隔声性能的影响规律。结果表明:相比敷设阻尼材料、布置动力吸振器等传统舱内降噪方法,声学超材料壁板能有效隔离低频噪声,形成380 Hz~620 Hz的宽低频带隙。增加局域振子质量可有效拓宽带隙宽度并增强带隙内声透射损失,增加纵向加强筋数目可增强结构整体刚度,使振动衰减。声学超材料内饰的引入可为解决直升机舱室低频噪声问题提供技术路线。     

Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Ultralight Folded Lattice-Core Sandwich Cylinders

In this research, two novel folded lattice-core sandwich cylinders were designed, manufactured, and tested. The lattice core has periodic zigzag corrugations, whose ridges and valleys are directed axially or circumferentially. Free vibration and axial compression experiments were performed to reveal the fundamental frequency, free vibration modes, bearing capacity, and failure mode of the cylinder. A folded lattice core effectively restricts local buckling by reducing the dimension of the local skin periodic cell, and improves the global buckling resistance by enhancing the shear stiffness of the sandwich core. The cylinders fail at the mode of material failure and possess excellent load-carrying capacity. An axially directed folded sandwich cylinder has greater load-carrying capacity, while a circumferentially directed folded sandwich cylinder has higher fundamental frequencies. These two types of folded lattices provide a selection for engineers when designing a sandwich cylinder requiring strength or vibration. This research also presents a feasible way to fabricate a large-dimensional folded structure and promote its engineering application.