高校课堂教学质量评价探索

课堂教学是高校教学中的中心环节，课堂教学质量直接影响高校的教学质量，亦影响社会对高校的评价。探寻、评价、监察、导引、激励是课堂教学质量评价的价值意蕴；公平合理、事前控制、激励改进是其基本原则；定量与定性、学生与专家、校内与校外、教学部门与职能部门相结合是重要途径。     

多乘员座舱人机工效满意度评价量表的信效度分析

目的为了能对多乘员座舱工效满意度进行定量分析,即座舱的工效学是否能满足机组成员的实际要求,有必要对多任务模式下多乘员座舱人机工效满意度评价技术进行研究。方法本研究通过德尔菲法进行咨询确定评价体系指标,应用序关系分析法进行指标权重系数调查,最终建立多乘员座舱人机工效满意度的评价体系。编制了人机工效满意度评价量表,通过对3种不同现役军机与各自效标即专家评价的结果进行比较来确认量表的效度;通过被试前后两次打分来验证量表的重测信度,并应用建立的评价体系对现役军机新洲一60进行了模糊综合评估。结果各型飞机普通飞行员通过量表计算得到的座舱满意度评价分数与专家给出的评价分数即“效标”间无统计学差异。对于重测信度来说,计算得到r=-O．79,属于中等水平。结论多乘员座舱人机工效满度评价量表具有较好的信效度。     

无领导小组讨论技术实施中的信度与效度问题研究

通过来自湖北省省直机关１９９７年公务员考试中的７个单位的１２７名被试，研究无领导小组讨论（ＬＧＤ）的论题、评分标准、实施程序的统一制定，分单位独立实施。７个评分小组（每组９个评委）中评分者信度的Ｗ系数在０．４２到０．７１之间，表明在总体上评分者间有较高一致性，但也存在着一定的差异。ＬＧＤ成绩与个体面试成绩、命题演讲成绩、面试总分之间具有较高的相关系数。     

建立具有职业教育特色的课堂教学质量评价体系——中等职业学校新课程背景下的课堂教学质量评价研究

北京市教委正在进行中等职业学校以工作过程为导向的课程改革实验项目，目前已进入课程实施阶段。笔者认为为了提高新课程背景下的课堂教学质量，需要建立具有职业教育特色的、与新课程配套的课堂教学质量评价体系。笔者在本文中就评价的指导思想、原则、主体、要素、方法与工具、评价结果使用等方面阐述了自己的观点。在评价指导思想方面，笔者认为应坚持“以人为本”，树立正确的评价观；落实“科学发展观”，建立系统的评价制度。在评价原则方面，笔者认为应坚持公正、公平原则；坚持定量评价与定性评价相结合原则；坚持自评与他评相结合原则。在评价主体方面，笔者建议主要由五部分组成：领导、同行教师、企业人员、学生、教师个人。在评价要素方面，笔者认为应关注三维目标：关注教师对教学资源的开发和整合：关注教学内容及方法；关注学生的学习方式；关注教师对学生的评价；关注教学效果。在评价方法与工具方面，笔者建议使用各种评价表，进行定量评价；开座谈会，进行定性评价。本文后附了使用的各种表格。在评价结果的使用方面，笔者建议作为教研活动的研讨材料，并作为修改前期课改材料的依据之一。     

影响访谈信度和效度因素的研究

在人员选拔中，访谈法是被人们应用最广同时也是研究最多的方法之一。文章着重讨论两个问题，一是访谈法与其他人员选拔方法的可接受性程度比较，二是关于影响访谈的信度、效度的因素的议论，结果发现，与其他的人员选拔方法相比，访谈法具有更高的可接受性；结构因素被认为是影响访谈效度的主要变量，而且访谈的效度增加，随着结构化程度的提高存在着顶层效应，通过访谈信度的分析，能为效度上限的估计提供研究的思路。     

面向印刷质量控制的元学习盲图像质量评价方法

目的 为了更好地检测印刷图文复制效果,提高生产效率,提出一种针对图像复杂失真和内容变化的元学习盲图像质量评价模型.方法 首先在元训练部分,通过ResNet50网络获取多个失真数据集的共有失真先验知识;然后在元测试部分,融合ResNet50的多层次特征,实现对图像局部失真和全局失真的完整描述;最后通过特征降维、融合获得多层次特征的权值,建立图像质量评价网络模型.结果 模型在真实失真数据集LIVEC上SRCC达到0.87以及在合成失真数据集LIVE上SRCC达到0.97,且模型的预测性能和泛化性能都要优于其他算法.结论 所提出的元学习盲图像评价方法能够准确预测不同类型图像质量分数,可为印刷图像质量评价和印刷生产控制提供一定指导.     

道路安全的家庭氛围量表的修订及信效度检验

目的检验修订版道路安全的家庭氛围量表在我国驾驶员测量中的信度和效度。方法使用修订版道路安全的家庭氛围量表和驾驶风格量表,对321名驾驶员进行测量。结果修订后的道路安全的家庭氛围量表由36个题目组成,分为反馈、无安全承诺、榜样、监控、限制、沟通6个维度,累计方差解释率为58.84%。量表总的内部一致性系数是0.92,量表各因素与总分的相关系数在0.52~0.86之间,且相关显著。量表各维度与驾驶风格量表各维度之间的相关显著,说明量表的相容效度较好。结论修订后的道路安全的家庭氛围量表信效度良好,可以用来测量我国驾驶员对道路安全的家庭氛围的认知。     

论信度——测试质量的重要方面

测试的质量保证一直以来都是出题专家非常重视的方面,包括很多领域和方面。本文仅针对其中一个方面:测试信度,进行分析和说明。本文首先通过引用塔克(Tucker)相关定义对信度进行解释和说明。其次,列举出可能影响信度的因素。最后,针对这些影响因素,提出一些解决方法。     

电力技能型员工《安全意识相关因素量表》的编制及信效度

目的：了解影响电力技工安全意识的相关因素,编制具有标准化指标的安全意识相关因素量表;方法：通过深度访谈、开放式问卷调查和现场观察编制本量表,经试测和大规模抽样调查,在数据统计的基础上,对量表进行标准化;结果：各测试指标都达到统计学要求,具有良好的信、效度;结论：该量表可用于评估电力技工的安全意识。     

基于四元数奇异值的数字视频质量客观评价方法应用研究

针对512kb/s,1Mb/s,2Mb/s这3种中国常见的网络环境,以及FLV,WMV,MP4这3种国内流行的流媒体格式压缩视频,利用四元数奇异值法,对同一视频压缩成的不同格式、码率、分辨率的数字视频进行客观评价,并利用主观实验验证该方法的准确性。评价结果显示:512kb/s下,FLV格式以不错的清晰度得到了较好的评价;1Mb/s和2Mb/s下,WMV格式较FLV和MP4格式的评价较差;2 Mb/s以上的带宽,MP4格式视频失真程度最小,因此在清晰度和观影视觉效果方面具有非常大的优势。     

Mission reliability evaluation based on operational quality data for multistate manufacturing systems

Modern and intelligent manufacturing systems have a prominent multistate feature. However, previous studies of reliability analysis of multistate manufacturing systems mostly focused on the basic reliability of manufacturing systems but disregarded their operating characteristics, which has hindered the development of Prognostics and Health Management technique for intelligent manufacturing systems. Therefore, an evaluation approach of mission reliability for multistate manufacturing systems based on operational quality data is proposed in this paper. First, from the systematic viewpoint of the composition and operational principle of the manufacturing system, the relationship among production task execution state, production equipment degradation state, and produced product quality state is expounded, and the connotation of the mission reliability of multistate manufacturing systems is defined. Second, an extended state task network (ESTN) is presented to organise operational quality data by considering the quality state of work in process (WIP). Third, a fusion model of operational quality data for manufacturing systems is established with the aid of the ESTN, and an operational quality data-oriented evaluation method of mission reliability is been put forward. Finally, a case study of a manufacturing system for a cylinder head is conducted to verify the proposed approach.     

Quality and reliability information integration for design evaluation of fixture system reliability

Quality and reliability are two important factors in manufacturing‐system design. However, the analysis and optimization of manufacturing‐system reliability and product quality are normally conducted separately in practice. There is no general framework to integrate these two important factors, quantitatively analyze the interactions between them, and further study their integrated effects on the manufacturing‐system performance. In this paper, the QR‐Co‐Effect of product/part quality and manufacturing‐system component reliability is investigated in an assembly fixture system. The concept, model and analysis of QR‐Co‐Effect are addressed in this paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

如何提高质检机构检验数据的准确性和有效性

本文结合质监系统技术机构开展检验质量整治工作,联系实际,从检验仪器设备、检验过程规范性、人员和其它工作（如政治思想教育活动等）四方面,探讨如何提高质检机构检验数据准确性和有效性。     

Impact of quality variations on product reliability

The reliability of manufactured products can differ from the desired design reliability due to variations in manufacturing quality. Failure data from field provide useful information to assess if the changes in product reliability variations are significant or not and to identify the cause for the variation. In order to devise statistical methods to detect this, one needs to model the effect of quality variations in manufacturing on product reliability. This paper looks at this issue and examines the Weibull case in detail.     

Integrated system identification and reliability evaluation of stochastic building structures

System identification and reliability evaluation play a significant role in structural health monitoring to ensure the serviceability and safety of existing structures. Although the development of system identification methods has attained much attention and some degree of maturity, reliability evaluation of existing structures still remains a challenging problem especially when uncertainties in measurement data and inherent randomness, which are inevitably involved in civil structures, are considered. In this regard, this paper presents a framework for integrated system identification and reliability evaluation of stochastic building structures. Two algorithms are proposed to respectively evaluate component reliability and system reliability of stochastic building structures by combining a statistical moment-based system identification method and a probability density evolution equation-based reliability evaluation method. System identification is embedded in the procedure of reliability evaluation of a stochastic building structure. The uncertainties in both the structure and the external excitation are considered. Numerical examples show that the structural component and system reliabilities of a three-story shear building structure with three damage scenarios can be effectively evaluated by the proposed methods.     

Computer simulation for quality and reliability engineering

Computer simulation has been used widely in many industries for many applications. A simulation model mimics a real world system, enabling an investigation of its operation. More recently simulation models have incorporated a visual display and interactive features to aid understanding and enhance the investigation. Computer simulation has many potential uses in quality and reliability engineering, for instance, modelling equipment failures, quality control strategies, maintenance requirements and operational logistics. A case study shows how simulation has been used to study the throughput, flexibility and robustness of a manufacturing plant design. Alternative simulation software packages are briefly discussed.     

民办院校的《工程估价》教学方法的探讨

本文结合三江学院《工程估价》的教学,分析讨论了应用型人才培养中实践性课程的教学方法。     

Simultaneous optimization of quality and reliability characteristics through designed experiment

ABSTRACT

Many practical situations have both a quality characteristic and a reliability characteristic with the goal to find an appropriate compromise for the optimum conditions. Standard analyses of quality and reliability characteristics in designed experiments usually assume a completely randomized design. However, many experiments involve restrictions on randomization, e.g., subsampling, blocking, split-plot.

This article considers an experiment involving both a quality characteristic and a reliability characteristic (lifetime) within a subsampling protocol. The particular experiment uses Type I censoring for the lifetime. Previous work on analyzing reliability data within a subsampling protocol assumed Type II censoring. This article extends such an analysis for Type I censoring. The method then uses a desirability function approach combined with the Pareto front to obtain a trade-off between the quality and reliability characteristics. A case study illustrates the methodology.