基于累积损伤曲线的电寿命模型步进应力试验方法及在XLPE电缆中的应用

交联聚乙烯（XLPE）的反幂函数电寿命模型（IPM）表征了XLPE电缆绝缘的长期耐压特性,包括电压耐受指数（VEC）在内的IPM模型参数是电缆绝缘设计和预鉴定试验电压选取的重要依据。步进应力试验具有耗时短、效率高的优点,适用于求取电缆样品的电寿命模型参数。然而,步进应力试验参数的选择尚无规程可参考,目前主要依靠经验和主观确定,严重影响了试验结果的有效性和可比性。将固体绝缘材料累积损伤“D-t曲线”作为判断绝缘失效机理的主要依据,分析不同试验参数下步进应力与恒定应力试验的等效性,提出适合工程应用的步进应力试验参数选取及现场试验方案。通过该方法设计绝缘厚度分别为2.8 mm和3.5 mm的2种模型电缆的步进应力试验,并获取2种模型电缆的IPM电寿命模型参数,验证该方法的可行性。     

基于累积损伤曲线的电寿命模型步进应力试验方法及在XLPE电缆中的应用

交联聚乙烯（XLPE）的反幂函数电寿命模型（IPM）表征了XLPE电缆绝缘的长期耐压特性,包括电压耐受指数（VEC）在内的IPM模型参数是电缆绝缘设计和预鉴定试验电压选取的重要依据。步进应力试验具有耗时短、效率高的优点,适用于求取电缆样品的电寿命模型参数。然而,步进应力试验参数的选择尚无规程可参考,目前主要依靠经验和主观确定,严重影响了试验结果的有效性和可比性。将固体绝缘材料累积损伤“D-t曲线”作为判断绝缘失效机理的主要依据,分析不同试验参数下步进应力与恒定应力试验的等效性,提出适合工程应用的步进应力试验参数选取及现场试验方案。通过该方法设计绝缘厚度分别为2.8 mm和3.5 mm的2种模型电缆的步进应力试验,并获取2种模型电缆的IPM电寿命模型参数,验证该方法的可行性。     

35 kV及以下XLPE电力电缆试验方法的研究

通过对交链聚乙烯（ＸＬＰＥ）电力电缆试品的工频、０．１Ｈｚ超低频和振荡３种击穿电压的平行比对试验研究,探讨能够有效发现、判别ＸＬＰＥ电力电缆运行故障隐患的试验方法,试验研究结果表明：振荡波电压试验能够有效地发现电力电缆及其附件的制造和安装质量缺陷,超低频电压试验能够有效地发现电力电缆及其附件绝缘树枝状早期劣化缺陷;工频电压试验是一种较好的方法,需进一步深入研究。     

Development of 500-kV XLPE cables

A 500-kV XLPE insulated cable with an insulation thickness of 27 mm has been developed for long-distance transmission lines. Basic studies on the 500-kV XLPE cable have shown that contaminants in the insulation may determine electrical performance. This hypothesis is justified by the good correlation obtained between statistical estimations of the size of the largest contaminant in the insulation and electrical characteristics of full-size cables. Voltage-withstand and long-term tests have confirmed design values for minimum breakdown stress, ac and impulse voltage, and degradation coefficients. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (1): 28–40, 1997     

接地不良缺陷对高压XLPE电缆终端的影响

为了研究接地不良对高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆终端的影响,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件建立电缆终端仿真模型以及在实验室环境下进行实物模拟实验,从高压XLPE电缆终端的电参数计算、温度场分析以及化学产物三方面,对接地不良缺陷给高压XLPE电缆终端造成的影响进行了研究,仿真及实物模拟实验结果均表明接地不良会导致高压XLPE电缆终端严重发热。研究结论说明终端接地不良将导致电压悬浮、流经绝缘屏蔽电流过大、温度异常升高,并会相伴产生金属氧化物、羧酸盐等多种化合物,对电缆安全运行造成严重影响。     

Development of 500-kV XLPE cables and accessories for long distanceunderground transmission line. III. Electrical properties of 500-kVcables

500-kV XLPE-insulated cable with an insulation thickness of 27 mm has been developed for long-distance transmission lines. Basic studies on 500-kV XLPE cable have shown that contaminants in the insulation may be the factor determining electrical performance. This hypothesis is justified by the good correlation obtained between statistical estimations of the size of the largest contaminant in the insulation and the electrical characteristics of full-sized cables. Voltage-withstand and long-term tests have confirmed the design values for minimum breakdown stress, for AC and impulse voltage, and for the degradation coefficients     

交流电压下基于空间电荷效应的XLPE电缆绝缘老化研究现状

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆以其优良的机械和电气性能广泛应用于现代电力系统。研究表明,在直流电压作用下绝缘中容易形成空间电荷,导致电场畸变,加速绝缘老化。国内外很少关于交流电压下空间电荷对XLPE电缆绝缘影响的研究。本文综述了交流电压下空间电荷对XLPE电缆绝缘老化的影响及其作用机理,并介绍了交流电压下测量空间电荷分布的改进的电声脉冲法。结果表明,交流电压下,空间电荷分布特性影响XLPE电缆绝缘老化。     

热历史过程对XLPE电缆热历史温度的影响研究

文中采用差式量热扫描(DSC)法对实际服役的交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆绝缘的热历史过程进行研究,发现不同XLPE试样的DSC一次升温曲线存在着明显差异,具体表现为不同试样热历史峰的位置、大小及形状存在着较大差异,甚至有些试样观察不到热历史峰。为了研究上述差异产生的原因,对不同温度不同热老化时间的XLPE试样进行了DSC测试,当XLPE电缆绝缘所经历的热历史温度高于熔融温度时,DSC一次升温曲线上不会有热历史峰出现,此时DSC曲线的变化主要由热氧降解对XLPE晶体结构的破坏所引发。当XLPE电缆绝缘所经历的热历史温度低于熔融温度时,在DSC一次升温曲线上就会观察到热历史峰,XLPE电缆绝缘处于该热历史温度的时间越长,则热历史峰的面积越大,热历史峰的峰值温度越高,甚至有可能高于实际的热历史温度。     

Application of dielectric response measurement on power cable systems

Water treeing is one of the factors leading to failure of medium voltage XLPE cables in long-term service. Increased moisture content inside oil-paper insulated cable is not desirable. To identify water tree degraded XLPE cables or oil-paper cables with high moisture content, diagnostic tests based on dielectric response (DR) measurement in time and frequency domain are used. Review of individual DR measurement techniques in the time and frequency domains indicates that measurement of one parameter in either domain may not be sufficient to reveal the status of the cable insulation. But a combination of several DR parameters can improve diagnostic results with respect to water trees present in XLPE cables or increased moisture content in oil-paper cables. DR measurement is a very useful tool that reveals average condition of cable systems. However, it is unlikely that DR measurement will detect few, but long water trees. In addition, DR cannot locate the defect or water tree site within the cable system. Combination of DR and partial discharge (PD) measurements can improve diagnostic results with respect to global and local defects. However, it is doubtful whether PD test can identify the presence of water trees inside a cable in a nondestructive manner. Further research is needed for more detailed conclusions regarding the status of a particular insulation and for predicting the remaining life of the insulation system.     

10kV XLPE电缆本体缺陷电场仿真分析

为了研究10 k V XLPE电缆本体受伤电场情况,防止电缆缺陷局部放电电场发展导致电缆接头击穿,通过分析XLPE电缆主要缺陷类型及原因来确定引起电缆故障的主要类型故障,然后利用有限元分析方法对电缆本体受伤情况电场进行仿真研究,最后根据仿真结果得出结论:在电缆本体空洞插入铁丝会造成电场畸变,严重时会造成绝缘击穿,为今后电缆线路故障分析提供参考。     

XLPE电缆电树枝二次生长特性分析(英文)

In order to study the growth characteristics of electrical trees in XLPE cable under secondary applied voltage, a short cable metal needle defect test device is adopted to study the growth characteristics of the new trees after the electrical trees in XLPE cable under the action of the voltage of 12 kV are influenced by secondary applied voltage (15 kV). The research results show that influenced by secondary applied voltage and voltage increase rate, there will be a peculiar "bush-branch" electrical tree in XLPE cable insulation layer and the new trees under secondary applied voltage have the characteristics of short initiation time, fast growth rate and narrow discharge channel, etc, which shows that secondary applied voltage has a great effect on the secondary initiation and growth of electrical trees in XLPE cable and it is an important factor of accelerating cable aging and breakdown.     

国产高压XLPE电缆绝缆中允许杂质尺寸的试验研究及方法

电树枝是影响XLPE电缆长期老化性能的重要因素,而确定高压XLPE电缆绝缘层中允许的最大杂质尺寸对于保证其长期老化性能是很重要的。本文利用针电极模拟杂质对从国产220kVXLPE电缆绝缘中所取得的试样进行了相关试验,得到电树枝起始电场强度约为270kV/mm,而杂质尖端最小曲率半径约为10μm。通过计算得到对于220kVXLPE电缆,杂质的最大允许尺寸约为130μm。这一结果与国家标准规定的允许杂质尺寸125μm基本符合,这一试验方法可以用于高压XLPE电缆中允许杂质尺寸的研究。     

Development of 500-kV XLPE cables and accessories for long distanceunderground transmission line-Part I: insulation design of cables

This paper discusses the results of a basic study for the development of 500 kV XLPE power cables. The authors have established that the factors that decide the performance of today's XLPE cables are impurities in the insulator and protrusions on the semiconductive layer, and that the insulation performance of XLPE power cables is determined by the size of these defects. In model tests of XLPE power cables, the minimum insulation breakdown stress of cables was determined, to set the design values for 500 kV XLPE cable. As a result, it was found that it is possible to design cables having an insulation thickness of 25 mm     

交联聚乙烯绝缘老化的试验与建模研究

本文介绍了交联聚乙烯（XLPE）电树枝老化的试验方法，给出了XLPE绝缘在在交流电压作用下的电树老化曲线。利用多元统计分析建立了枝状放电、丛状放电的数学模型，为XLPE电缆的在线检测提供了理论依据。     

Understanding treeing phenomena and space charge effect in gamma-irradiated XLPE cable insulation

In the present work, electrical trees were experimentally generated in virgin and gamma-irradiated XLPE cable insulation, under AC voltages. Fibrillar type of electrical tree structure forms from the defect site in gamma-irradiated specimens. Failure times due to electrical trees were analysed by adopting Weibull distribution studies. The results of the study indicate that gamma-irradiated specimens, where the rate of tree propagation is high, causing early failure of insulation. Pulsed electro acoustic emission (PEAE) technique was adopted to understand the space charge formation in XLPE cable insulation. The results of the study indicate that homo and hetero charges form near to the electrodes especially in gamma-irradiated XLPE cable insulation. Variations in space charge density at different voltage magnitudes with time were analysed. It is observed that the electric field in the insulating material becomes highly non-uniform on occurrence of hetero charges. It is also realized that on removal of applied voltage, the charge decay is less with gamma-irradiated specimens. Based on the present study, it could be concluded that Space charge density in insulating material and life of insulating material due to electrical tree formation shows inverse relationship.     

高压XLPE电缆绝缘多参数在线监测

建立了在交流电压作用下高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆绝缘的参数模型,并分析了电缆绝缘劣化时绝缘参数的外在表现.提出通过监测XLPE电缆的工作绝缘电阻、等值电容、介质损耗因数及各参数的变化趋势来综合评定电缆的绝缘状况.并分析了该方法的有效性及合理性.设计了高压XLPE电缆在线监测装置.在数据处理方面,采用基于LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法的非线性最小二乘拟合法对采样信号进行拟合,将信号进行快速傅里叶变换得到的谐波分析结果作为LM算法的迭代初值,并利用拟合结果计算出电缆绝缘的被监测参数.仿真分析表明,该算法收敛速度快、精度高,能很好地抑制电网频率波动、直流分量以及谐波含量对被监测参数的影响.     

检测XLPE电缆绝缘水树老化状态的超低频方波-工频叠加法研究

本文提出了能有效检测ＸＬＰＥ电缆绝缘水树老化状态的超低频方波－工频电压叠加法新技术,对含水树ＸＬＰＥ电缆分别放加单极性方波和正负对称方波电压叠加工频电压所产生的响应电流特性进行了实验研究,找出了最佳叠加工频电压值,最后对产生超低频方波－工频电压叠加电汉响应的机理及其检测的影响因素进行了探讨。     

基于标准具的XLPE电缆接头光栅测温系统

采用光纤光栅(FBG)测量电缆温度已逐步成为在线监测XLPE电缆绝缘状态的重要手段。文中介绍了采用F-P滤波器解调光纤光栅测量结果的原理,并通过实验指出了该方法的固有缺陷。为克服该缺陷,提高测量精度,本文采用F-P标准具标定波长漂移量,完全避免了滤波器选通波长和调谐电压之间的非线性关系造成的影响,大大提高了光纤光栅的测量精度。经过在实验室三相110kV XLPE电缆接头进行测量可知,采用该方法后系统测量误差控制在±0.4℃以内,具有良好的工程实用性。     

XLPE电缆绝缘中的电树枝结构及其生长特性

为研究不同频率下半结晶XLPE电缆绝缘材料中的电树枝引发、生长及结构特征,系统的归纳了XLPE电缆绝缘中可能出现的电树枝特征及其与材料聚集态和残存应力的关系;采用变频高电压发生器、实时显微数字摄像技术及专用试样加工工艺,进行了大量的电树枝培养实验。实验研究发现,由于半结晶高聚物的不均匀结晶和电缆生产过程中在绝缘层中产生的残存应力的影响,使得50Hz施压频率下XLPE电缆绝缘试样中会生成枝状、枝状与丛林混合状及纯丛林状3类电树枝,而>500Hz高频下则只能生成稠密枝状电树枝,它们分别对应于不同的生长机理。低频下电树枝生长特性和电树枝结构与材料的聚集态密切相关,而高频下则关系不大。分形分析这些电树枝的结构后发现,电树枝的生长特性与其分形维数及其分形维数的变化有对应关系,故可用分形维数分类和定量描述这些电树枝.最后探讨了几种不同结构电树枝的生长机理。     

我国高压及超高压交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的应用与发展

本文介绍我国 110 k V及 2 2 0 k V交联聚乙烯 (XL PE)绝缘电缆及其附件的发展。高压 XL PE电缆是我国城市电网建设与改造工程采用地下电缆输电系统的首选产品。本文叙述 XL PE电缆的绝缘设计原则、绝缘质量控制要求 ,特别是绝缘中杂质、微孔以及绝缘与半导电屏蔽界面的微孔与凸起、绝缘收缩与交联工艺的关系 ,及电缆附件的选型与预制附件橡胶应力锥的设计方法。介绍了我国特大城市 ,上海、北京与广州高压电缆系统的应用情况。最后对我国 110 k V及 2 2 0 k V XL PE电缆及附件进一步发展以及 5 0 0 k V XL PE电缆系统发展与应用前景作了预测