基于动力学与遗传算法的工件位置偏离预测与控制方法

装夹布局的合理规划是影响工件加工质量与生产安全的关键因素,为此系统地提出了工件位置偏离的动力学预测模型及其控制方法。首先通过将工件与夹具之间的接触模式等价地转化为线性弹簧-阻尼系统,利用运动学和弹性力学理论推导出工件的振动微分方程,以确定工件在装夹布局中的位置偏离。根据工件与夹具之间的接触为单向这一实际情况,运用胡克定律建立了工件位置偏离的约束条件。通过坐标转换方法,提出在约束条件下振动微分方程的模态分析求解方法,实现工件位置偏离的预测,试验结果表明所提出预测结果与试验结果完全吻合。其次,为使工件位置偏离达到最小,构建工件位置偏离的最小2-范数为目标的装夹布局优化模型,通过以合理装夹布局中工件位置偏离的2-范数为自变量构造个体适应度,提出装夹布局优化模型的遗传算法求解技术。提出的工件位置偏离预测与控制方法,能够避免工件处于非稳定状态下优化模型的求解过程,为复杂工件装夹布局方案的合理设计提供了基础理论。     

基于TOPSIS和MOEA/D的装夹布局方案规划方法

作为整个夹具设计中最为复杂和抽象的环节，装夹布局方案的规划直接影响着工件的加工质量、生产效率和制造成本。为此，在前期关于基于层次分析法与定位确定性的工件定位方案规划算法的研究基础上，进一步建立了一种基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)和基于分解的多目标进化算法(MOEA/D)的夹紧方案设计方法。首先，通过建立选择夹紧表面的层次结构模型，提出了计算候选夹紧表面贴近度的TOPSIS方法。其次，考虑到工件稳定性和装夹变形的双重因素，建立了同时满足夹紧阶段和加工阶段的装夹布局多目标优化模型，在利用切比雪夫方法对多目标函数进行正对性分解的基础上，构建了夹紧方案多目标优化模型的MOEA/D求解方法。最后，利用建立的方法设计出非规则零件钻孔用的装夹布局方案，并与现有夹具结构方案进行对比和分析，结果表明设计方案与现有方案完全吻合。基于TOPSIS和MOEA/D的夹紧方案规划算法易于编程实现，既能为任意工件合理地规划出夹紧方案，也能为计算机辅助夹具设计系统的开发提供理论支持。     

基于表面网格离散化与遗传算法的复杂工件装夹布局规划方法

装夹是工件加工过程中首先面临的问题,而稳定装夹则是保证工件加工质量与生产安全的必要条件。为此系统地提出了基于稳定性指标与稳定量度的工件装夹布局优化模型及其遗传算法求解技术。根据静力平衡条件与线性规划技术,提出装夹稳定性的判断依据及其解算方法,实现装夹时工件"稳不稳"的定量描述;依据力的超椭球方程,将超椭球体积定义为装夹稳定量度,用以描述工件装夹稳定时"有多稳"的问题;引入离散化思想,构建了以使装夹稳定量度达到最大为目标的复杂工件装夹布局规划模型,根据每一代的装夹稳定性,定义个体的适应度评价函数,提出装夹布局规划模型的遗传算法求解技术。提出的基于稳定性指标与稳定量度的装夹布局规划方法,由于只涉及接触点的坐标及其法矢量信息,不仅适用于具有复杂表面的工件,而且能够避免工件处于非稳定状态下优化模型的求解过程,提高了计算效率,为复杂工件装夹布局方案的合理设计提供了基础理论。     

基于力的存在性与可行性的夹紧力变向增量递减规划算法

根据工件的静力平衡条件与工件-装夹元件之间接触力的方向约束,建立工件装夹方案的力学模型。进一步结合线性规划技术,构建力的存在性分析模型及其求解方法,实现夹紧力是否有解的判断。针对夹紧力有解这一条件,由装夹方案力学模型与线性规划技术推导出力的可行性分析模型及其判断标准,实现给定的夹紧力是否合理的判断。考虑夹紧力的取值范围,以一定步长正向从最小值开始取值,根据当前值与上一次取值之间可行性的差异,确定下一次取值的步长及其方向;若可行性相同则以相同步长继续正向取值,否则以一半步长、反向取值,直至步长的绝对值在阈值范围之内,构建夹紧力变向增量递减的规划算法。该算法将连续型的夹紧力设计问题转化为离散型,不仅利于计算机实现夹紧力的自动化设计,而且还适合于形状复杂的工件。     

普通车床塑料夹具轴的同轴度调整

本塑料夹具是一种高精度的薄壁弹性自定心夹具,定心精度很高.据有关资料介绍,夹紧工件时,工件定心误差可小于(?)0.01mm甚至可达(?)0.003mm以下.但在实际使用时,要达到如此高的定心精度不是一件很容易的事情.下面介绍一种可行的调整方法.1 影响塑料夹具同轴度的因素(1)塑料夹具的制造误差和装配精度;(2)塑料夹具在机床主轴上安装误差;(3)塑料夹具定心元件的弹性变形不均匀而造成的工件装夹误差.     

基于ABAQUS的弱刚度结构件装夹布局优化技术

装夹布局是弱刚度结构件加工变形的重要影响因素。以减小工件装夹的最大弹性变形量为目标,利用ABAQUS建立了弱刚度结构件的铣削加工装夹布局模型,并对各装夹方案进行了模拟分析,得出了最终的优化布局方案,采用该方案在加工过程中可以得到更低的变形量,变形分布更均匀。所提方法可应用于类似工件的夹具设计。     

基于神经网络与遗传算法的薄壁件多重装夹布局优化

在多重装夹元件装夹过程中,由于装夹顺序、夹紧力、定位元件位置等装夹布局参数的不同,薄壁件的装夹变形程度也不一样。单个装夹布局参数引起的工件装夹变形规律能够通过有限元方法获得。但是,若同时考虑多个装夹布局参数的影响,仅仅利用有限元方法难以揭示装夹布局参数与装夹变形之间的关系。为此,针对薄壁件的装夹布局方案建立三维有限元模型,以便利用有限元法获取神经网络的训练样本。借助神经网络的非线性映射能力,通过有限的训练样本构建装夹变形的预测模型。以减小工件的最大装夹变形为目标,并根据每一代装夹布局中工件的最大装夹变形定义个体的适应度,建立装夹布局方案的优化模型及其遗传算法求解技术。试验结果表明,网络预测值与相应的有限元仿真值、试验数据之间的相对误差均不超过3%。提出的基于神经网络与遗传算法的装夹变形"分析-预测-控制"方法,不仅能够提高装夹变形的计算效率,而且为薄壁件装夹布局方案的合理设计提供基础理论。     

基于RFFS映射模型的组合夹具构形设计

从夹具功能的分层表达策略入手,建立了夹具需求-功能-特征-结构(Requirement-Function-Feature-Structure,RFFS)映射模型,并建立了工件装夹的面域网络模型,同时研究了组合夹具构形设计中的重要资源夹具元件库和夹具元件装配关系库的构建.     

一种液压阀的第四轴夹具设计

通过分析Husco-6603型阀体的结构特征,找出定位基准,工件安装及加紧位置后,基于SolidWorks三维设计软件,自顶而下设计出一次装夹两个工件,摆在第四轴回转台桥板上,配合DMC-1200龙门加工中心加工的液压夹具,该液压夹具操作简便,可同时对工件三面加工,避免多次装夹,提高了加工精度,降低工人劳动强度。     

基于特征的夹具设计方法研究

将特征技术引入夹具设计 ,提出基于加工特征的、面向夹具设计的工艺模型和基于装夹特征的装夹模型 ,介绍了基于实例与基于规则推理相混合的装夹模型提取方法和装夹元件的选择方法     

Development of Automated Fixture Planning Systems

Fixturing is an important manufacturing activity. The computeraided fixture design technique is being rapidly developed to reduce the lead time involved in manufacturing planning. An automated fixture configuration design system has been developed to select automatically modular fixture components and place them in position with satisfactory assembly relationships In this paper, an automated fixturing planning system is presented in which fixturing surfaces and points are automatically determined based on workpiece geometry and operational information. Fixturing surface accessibility, feature accuracy, and fixturing stability are the main concerns in the fixture planning. The system development, the fixture planning decision procedure, and an implementation example are presented in the paper.     

Fixture layout optimization for flexible aerospace parts based on self-reconfigurable swarm intelligent fixture system

Based on the development demand of a novel intelligent fixture system, a self-reconfigurable intelligent swarm fixture system is presented. This paper deals with the fixturing layout optimization of a flexible aerospace workpiece. A new fixturing principle, “N-2-1-1,” is put forward. The optimization procedure for fixture layout combined with genetic algorithm and finite element analysis is developed and verified by case study simulation.     

基于神经网络和遗传算法的智能夹具规划

提出基于Kohonen自组织神经网络的装夹面分组与选择算法和基于遗传算法的定位点优化算法,利用人工神经网络来处理装夹面选择中各种复杂的影响因素,选择最佳的装夹表面;在此基础上,参考夹具校验的一些结论,通过一些参数来模拟工件的稳定性与变形特性,利用遗传算法进行组合优化,确定最优定位点.最后用实例验证了算法的有效性.     

A model for evaluating the quality of the fixturing of the part from a machining process planning perspective

Achieving the required tolerance of positioning between two features is not obvious when features are produced in multiple set-ups where the fixture/workpiece interface plays a critical role. From a computer-aided process planning perspective, the suitability of a fixturing feature to achieve the required tolerances has to be evaluated. A model of an indicator for a locating quality is proposed here based upon the distribution of a small displacement of the workpiece compatible with the required tolerance onto the candidate fixturing surfaces.     

A combined contact elasticity and finite element-based model for contact load and pressure distribution calculation in a frictional workpiece-fixture system

Contact forces between workpiece and fixture define fixture stability during clamping and influence workpiece accuracy during machining. In particular, forces acting in the contact region are important for understanding deformation of the workpiece at the contact region. This paper presents a model that combines contact elasticity with finite element methods to predict the contact load and pressure distribution at the contact region in a workpiece-fixture system. The objective is to determine how much clamp forces can be applied to generate adequate contact forces to keep the workpiece in position during machining. The model is able to predict the normal and tangential contact forces as well as the pressure distribution at each workpiece-fixture contact in the fixturing system. Model prediction is shown to be in good agreement with known industry practice on clamp force determination. The presented method has no limits on the types of materials that can be analyzed.     

Design and optimization of machining fixture layout using ANN and DOE

In machining fixtures, minimizing workpiece deformation due to clamping and cutting forces is essential to maintain the machining accuracy. This can be achieved by selecting the optimal location of fixturing elements such as locators and clamps. Many researches in the past decades described more efficient algorithms for fixture layout optimization. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN)-based algorithm with design of experiments (DOE) is proposed to design an optimum fixture layout in order to reduce the maximum elastic deformation of the workpiece caused by the clamping and machining forces acting on the workpiece while machining. Finite element method (FEM) is used to find out the maximum deformation of the workpiece for various fixture layouts. ANN is used as an optimization tool to find the optimal location of the locators and clamps. To train the ANN, sufficient sets of input and output are fed to the ANN system. The input includes the position of the locators and clamps. The output includes the maximum deformation of the workpiece for the corresponding fixture layout under the machining condition. In the testing phase, the ANN results are compared with the FEM results. After the testing process, the trained ANN is used to predict the maximum deformation for the possible fixture layouts. DOE is introduced as another optimization tool to find the solution region for all design variables to minimum deformation of the work piece. The maximum deformations of all possible fixture layouts within the solution region are predicted by ANN. Finally, the layout which shows the minimum deformation is selected as optimal fixture layout.     

薄壁件的装夹变形机理分析与控制技术

系统地提出一个分析与优选夹紧力大小、作用点以及夹紧顺序的通用方法.基于由摩擦力引起的接触力历史依赖性,定量地分析多重夹紧元件及其作用顺序对薄壁件变形的影响,并建立装夹方案的数学模型.同时提出基于最小总余能原理的有限元求解方法.另一方面,基于装夹方案的优化模型,提出装夹变形的控制技术以便获得最高的工件加工精度.以典型铝合金航空材料构件为例,模拟与分析夹紧力及夹紧顺序对其变形的影响过程.     

Fixture layout optimization for multi point respot welding of sheet metals

The high quality of welding in the automotive industry is achieved by proper positioning of the fixture elements. A new method, N-3-2-1 (N ≥ 1), is proposed for fixture layout optimization of sheet metals. The flexible nature of the sheet metals requires N+3 fixture elements to constrain it normal to the surface (primary plane), but 2-1 fixture elements for other two directions (secondary and tertiary). The objective function is to achieve high stiffness of the workpiece and is calculated in terms of strain energy. Finite element analysis (FEA) was combined with genetic algorithm. A method was also proposed to find the optimum fixturing position of the workpiece in multipoint respot welding operation. Two different kinds of case studies were solved and the performance of the proposed method was also tested in the industrial scenario by fixturing the workpiece and completing the respot welding operation with satisfactory results.