旋转超声钻削加工的研究现状及发展趋势

针对硬脆材料加工孔过程中出现的各种问题,选择一种有效的加工方法显得尤为重要.而旋转超声钻削加工已经成为一种有效的特种加工方法,其应用前景可观.综述了旋转超声加工技术的加工机理及发展历程,概述了国内外学者在硬脆材料工艺特性及装备研发等方面的研究成果,重点阐述了近年来国内外研究者在旋转超声钻削加工孔工艺特性方面的主要研究成...     

旋转超声加工的研究现状及发展趋势

随着航空航天、医疗制药、军事等领域的不断发展,硬脆材料的应用越来越广泛,针对硬脆及特殊材料加工方法研究成为加工制造研究的热点之一,其中旋转超声加工对硬脆材料和复合材料加工成为一种有效的加工方法.针对硬脆及复合材料的旋转超声工艺特性以及加工形式的研究现状进行分析,总结近年来国内外在旋转超声加工的设备、应用等方面的主要研究...     

具有复合型工具的超声加工声学系统设计北大核心

针对传统加工硬脆材料和复合材料时,会产生加工难度高、加工效率低、加工质量差等问题,对旋转超声加工技术加工硬脆材料和复合材料时采用的具有复合型工具的旋转超声加工声学系统进行了研究。阐述了旋转超声加工的工作机理;运用Pro/E软件对新型旋转超声加工声学系统进行了结构设计;选定夹心式压电换能器,根据四端网络法、放大系数方程和频率方程设计出了1/4波长的新型复合变幅杆,依据等效质量法设计出了新型电镀金刚石复合刀具;利用ANSYS Workbench软件对新型复合变幅杆和新型复合刀具进行了模态分析,得出了模型最优解;通过硬脆材料实验对该超声加工的声学系统进行了验证。研究结果表明:变幅杆和刀具在频率20k Hz左右时振幅达到最大,是理想振型;该声学系统的设计可以满足加工硬脆材料和复合材料的要求。     

硬脆材料超声加工技术的研究

硬脆材料因其具有独特的优良性能而被广泛使用,其高硬脆性使得加工非常困难,超声旋转加工是加工硬脆材料的一种有效方法,主要从超声加工工艺、超声振动系统以及工具磨损几个方面介绍了硬脆材料超声加工技术,分析了硬脆材料超声加工中存在的问题,并指出了硬脆性材料超声加工今后的发展方向。     

旋转超声钻削的切削力数学模型及试验研究

通过分析硬脆材料脆性断裂去除机理和旋转超声加工特点,确定旋转超声加工时单颗磨粒的切削时间、切削深度、切削速度及切削轨迹长度,建立旋转超声恒进给率钻削硬脆材料的切削力数学预测模型。光学玻璃加工试验研究表明,切削力随进给速度的增大而增大,随主轴转速的提高而减小;在高进给速度条件下,切削力对主轴转速的变化更为敏感,在低主轴转速条件下,切削力对进给速度的变化更为敏感;从而很好地验证了已建立的切削力数学预测模型。旋转超声加工和普通加工的对比试验表明,旋转超声钻削加工可以有效降低切削力,一定程度上减小出孔崩边尺寸,从而提高加工效率、降低加工成本。根据旋转超声加工的表面粗糙度值略高于普通加工,提出硬脆材料脆性断裂去除时磨粒实际切削深度决定加工表面粗糙度的判断。     

超声辅助金刚石线锯复合切割技术的研究进展

硬脆材料与复合材料等高性能材料在多个领域广泛应用,其切割主要采用金刚石线锯加工技术。近年来,对切割加工质量和效率的要求不断提高,超声辅助金刚石线锯复合切割技术逐渐发展起来。超声辅助金刚石线锯复合切割技术提高了锯切效率和加工表面质量,延长了锯丝服役寿命,是未来的重要发展方向。文章从超声辅助金刚石线锯复合切割技术的加工原理、加工质量和影响因素等方面概述了该技术的研究现状,并对未来需进一步研究的问题和发展方向进行了展望。     

旋转超声加工技术现状及发展趋势

旋转超声加工是在传统超声加工的基础上结合磨料磨削加工的一种新型复合加工方式,具有加工速度快、加工精度高、加工质量好、刀具磨损小等优点,是解决硬脆材料加工的有效方法,具有比较广阔的应用前景。论文结合近年来旋转超声加工技术的发展状况,综述了旋转超声加工的应用现状以及未来发展的趋势。     

具有复合型工具的超声加工声学系统设计

针对传统加工硬脆材料和复合材料时,会产生加工难度高、加工效率低、加工质量差等问题,对旋转超声加工技术加工硬脆材料和复合材料时采用的具有复合型工具的旋转超声加工声学系统进行了研究。阐述了旋转超声加工的工作机理;运用Pro/E软件对新型旋转超声加工声学系统进行了结构设计;选定夹心式压电换能器,根据四端网络法、放大系数方程和频率方程设计出了1/4波长的新型复合变幅杆,依据等效质量法设计出了新型电镀金刚石复合刀具;利用ANSYS Workbench软件对新型复合变幅杆和新型复合刀具进行了模态分析,得出了模型最优解;通过硬脆材料实验对该超声加工的声学系统进行了验证。研究结果表明:变幅杆和刀具在频率20k Hz左右时振幅达到最大,是理想振型;该声学系统的设计可以满足加工硬脆材料和复合材料的要求。     

硬脆材料高效精密磨粒加工技术

分析了硬脆材料加工特点,研究了硬脆材料超高速磨粒加工、延性域磨粒加工、高效率端面磨削加工、高效率自由磨粒加工和砂带磨削等高效率加工硬脆材料材料去除机制,分析了其关键技术以及国内外研究现状,为硬脆材料的高效率加工提供合理的技术方案.     

硬脆材料的激光辅助磨削加工研究进展

硬脆材料具有良好的材料力学性能,广泛应用于众多工业领域。但由于其硬度高及脆性大,导致其在磨削加工过程中容易产生脆性断裂等缺陷。激光辅助磨削加工是解决硬脆材料加工中产生缺陷的一种有效加工方法,国内外学者对此开展了大量研究。现从激光辅助加工的作用、激光辅助磨削加工方法方面对国内外的研究现状进行综述,并对硬脆材料激光辅助磨削加工技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Processing capabilities of micro ultrasonic machining for hard and brittle materials: SPH analysis and experimental verification

Micro ultrasonic machining (micro-USM) is an unconventional micromachining technology that has capability to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-holes, intricate shapes and features on various hard and brittle materials. The material removal in USM is based on brittle fracture of work materials. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour are different for varied hard and brittle materials, which would make a big difference in the processing capability of micro-USM. To study the processing capability of USM and exploit its potential, the material removal of work materials, wear of abrasive particles and wear of machining tools in USM of three typical hard and brittle materials including float glass, alumina, and silicon carbide were investigated in this work. Both smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and verification experiments were conducted. The material removal rate is found to decrease in the order of glass, alumina, and silicon carbide, which can be well explained by the simulation results that cracking of glass is faster and larger compared to the other materials. Correspondingly, the tool wear rate also dropped significantly thanks to the faster material removal, and a formation of concavity on the tool tip center due to intensive wear was prevented. The SPH model is proved useful for studying USM of different hard and brittle materials, and capable of predicting the machining performance.     

Experimental investigation on the effects of thermomechanical loading on the vibrational stability during rotary ultrasonic machining

Ultrasonic vibration is assumed to be stable or unchangeable during the process of rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) on brittle materials, neglecting the effects of different processing parameters. However, no experimental evidence has been reported to validate this assumption. In this study, the effect of thermomechanical load on the stability of ultrasonic amplitude during RUM was investigated by theoretical analysis and experimental procedures on quartz glass and sapphire. It was shown that the instability of ultrasonic amplitude during the machining process is mainly attributed to variation of resonant frequency under the implementation of thermomechanical load. The thermal effects of ultrasonic vibration decrease the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic machine, while mechanical loading during the machining process increases the resonant frequency. Furthermore, a higher feed rate or a harder material leads to a higher resonant frequency change. The variation of ultrasonic power can be used to review the validity of difference-neglected assumption when different values of processing variables, materials, or even machine tools are used during modeling. The results of this study should be well considered for future references when designing an ultrasonic machine.     

超声波加工参数的实验研究

超声波加工己被证明是陶瓷、金刚石、半导体等硬脆性材料加工的有效方法,但其加工效率不高制约着它的广泛应用。因此根据超声波加工材料去除率模型,对磨料粒度、静载荷等加工参数进行探讨,可得出各加工参数对材料去除率的影响。     

Theoretical model for cutting force in rotary ultrasonic milling of dental zirconia ceramics

Rotary ultrasonic machining or ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding has superior performance in machining hard and brittle materials, such as dental zirconia ceramics. However, there are few reports about cutting force modeling of rotary ultrasonic milling (RUM) for dental ceramics, especially for cutting force model in feed direction. In this study, the theoretical model of cutting force both in axial direction and feed direction is proposed under the assumption that brittle fracture is the primary mechanism of material removal in RUM of dental ceramics. The effective cutting time and material removal volume have been analyzed to develop the cutting force model. Besides, the number of active abrasive particles has been calculated for the first time during the modeling. The effect of overlapping and intersection of fracture zone in peripheral direction on material removal volume has also been considered via the parameters K ₁ and K ₂. In addition, the relationships between the cutting force and input variables are revealed through the theoretical model. Finally, pilot experiments of RUM on dental zirconia ceramics are conducted to verify the theoretical model. The experimental results are consistent well with the model predictions. Therefore, the theoretical model can be applied to evaluate the cutting force in RUM of dental ceramics.     

Rotary ultrasonic machining: effects of tool natural frequency on ultrasonic vibration amplitude

Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is a hybrid machining process that combines the material removal mechanisms of grinding and ultrasonic machining. RUM has been applied to hole-making for a wide range of materials. It is known that ultrasonic vibration amplitude has significant effects on cutting force, torque, and surface finish in RUM. One experimental observation that has been reported in the literature multiple times states that different tools show different vibration amplitudes on the same ultrasonic power level. However, no analyses can be found in the literature to explain this observation. The existence of this knowledge gap makes it difficult to explain some experimentally obtained trends or to conduct more realistic physics-based modeling work. The objectives of this research are to understand the effects of tool natural frequency on ultrasonic vibration amplitude in RUM, to provide an explanation to the observation and verification of measurement methods, and also to guide tool design and selection in RUM. Ultrasonic vibration amplitudes of tools are measured by three methods and compared. It is found that tool natural frequency significantly affects ultrasonic vibration amplitude. The tool with its natural frequency closest to that of the ultrasonic power supply (20?kHz) generates the highest ultrasonic vibration amplitude on every ultrasonic power level tested.     

超声波铣削加工材料去除率的理论模型

超声波铣削加工适于硬脆材料复杂型腔的加工，加工中影响材料去除率的因素很多，为了优化加工参数以及更好地控制加工过程，研究了各种加工参数对材料去除率的影响规律。分析了工具的高频振动、旋转以及机床进给三种运动综合作用下超声波铣削加工的材料去除机理，在传统超声波加工机理以及材料去除率模型的基础上，基于压痕断裂理论，建立了超声波铣削加工材料去除率理论模型。该模型可用于仿真实验研究及预测超声波铣削加工中的材料去除率。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声铣磨加工的试验研究

由于大量高硬度增强相SiC颗粒的存在,高体积分数铝基碳化硅（SiCp/Al）复合材料的机械加工十分困难。旋转超声加工被认为是加工这种材料的有效方法。通过超声辅助划痕试验,分析高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料旋转超声铣磨加工的材料去除机理。在超声振动的作用下,材料中铝基体发生塑性变形,其表面得到夯实;SiC增强相被锤击成细小的颗粒而发生脱落,形成较大的空洞。由于材料加工的缺陷大多产生于SiC颗粒的去除过程中,SiC颗粒的去除方式对加工表面的质量起着决定性的作用,选择合适的工艺参数可以有效提高加工表面质量。旋转超声加工工艺特征试验表明,超声振动可有效降低切削力;主轴转速对轴向切削力的影响最大,其次是进给速度,切削深度对轴向切削力的影响较小;另外主轴转速对表面质量的影响效果也最大,并随主轴转速的增大表面粗糙度增大。因此在加工过程中,可以适当加大切削深度,在保证加工质量的基础上,选择较大的进给速度,在保证刀具寿命的前提下,选择合适的主轴转速,以获得较优的加工表面质量和加工效率。     

辅以工具旋转的超声波加工方法的研究

结合传统超声波加工和超声旋转加工的特点,提出了一种适合于对硬脆材料进行大面积加工的新方法：辅以工具旋转的超声波加工,并推导了其材料去除模型。     

旋转超声加工机理的有限元分析

旋转超声加工是加工玻璃、工程陶瓷和宝石等硬脆材料的有效方法,具有较高的生产率、良好的加工精度和表面质量。在对其加工机理的研究过程中,选用金刚石磨粒和玻璃工件进行建模,运用LS—DYNA软件对工件在加工中的应力变化情况和裂纹的产生与发展进行模拟,结合试验结果,对其加工机理进行研究,并对加工表面质量进行分析。