高强度低合金耐磨钢NM400的强韧化机制

采用控轧控冷工艺生产的高强度低合金耐磨钢NM400,具有高强度、高硬度和较高的韧性,其屈服强度为1 170MPa,抗拉强度为1 369MPa,平均硬度为403HB,伸长率为23%,-20℃冲击功为47J。光学显微镜观察发现,NM400的组织为回火马氏体,淬透性良好;透射电镜下观察发现,钢中存在大量纳米尺寸级析出物,能谱分析表明,析出物为Ti,Nb的碳氮化物。分析结果表明,耐磨钢NM400的强化机制主要为位错强化、细晶强化和析出强化;细晶强化是韧性提高的主要原因。     

超快速冷却条件下Ti 微合金钢中纳米碳化物及其强化作用

具有较高强度的Ti微合金钢已广泛应用于国民经济及国防工业的各个领域.针对超快速冷却条件下（轧制冷却速度高达64 ℃/s）的Ti微合金钢,采用无损电解提取技术获得Ti微合金钢中的纳米碳化物. 在此基础上,运用化学相分析、X射线小角散射及透射电镜综合分析纳米碳化物的物理化学特征,并考察其强化作用. 结果表明:Ti微合金钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的Fe_xC、TiC析出物,其平均粒度分别为76.06 nm和133.95 nm;同时,超快速冷却条件强化了Fe_xC的析出行为,使得其析出强化增量达到243.8 MPa,而TiC的析出强化增量仅为63.1 MPa;然而,钢中每增加0.01 %（质量分数）的TiC析出物（＜40 nm）却可大幅贡献强化增量77.1 MPa,远高于Fe_xC析出物（＜40 nm）的强化贡献量. 因此,强化TiC的析出行为在提高钢屈服强度方面具有重要潜力.      

Ti在热轧高强带钢中的析出相与性能关系的研究

采用拉伸实验、电镜观察、化学相分析、X射线衍射等方法,定性定量地研究了700 MPa级高钛高强度热轧带钢力学性能分布特点和Ti在钢中析出行为的关系.结果表明,钢卷纵向力学性能分布不均,钢卷中部屈服强度大于外部约89 MPa;钢卷中部Ti的析出率明显高于外部;钢卷中部碳氮化物析出相中细小颗粒的比例(即空间弥散度)明显高于外部,析出相中60 nm以下颗粒的质量分数是外部的2.42倍.经计算,得到中部和外部10 nm以下Ti的碳氮化物析出强化量差为38 MPa,小于10 nm细小粒子的强化作用显著,是造成钢卷中部和外部二者强度差别的重要原因.     

DH36钢中碳氮化物析出的热力学分析

针对Fe-Nb-Ti-C-N系统, 利用双亚点阵模型对DH36钢中碳氮析出物析出条件进行热力学计算.计算结果表明, 钛的碳氮化物析出温度为1 380 ℃, 铌的碳氮化物析出温度为1 100 ℃.其中在1 100~1 400 ℃的高温区, TiN为影响奥氏体均热阶段晶粒长大的主要因素.在1 100 ℃以下的低温区NbC、TiC是抑制DH36钢中奥氏体再结晶及再结晶后奥氏体长大的重要因素.      

碳含量对690合金组织和力学性能的影响及强化机制

 研究了不同碳含量对脱敏态690合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对合金的强化机制进行了分析。研究结果表明：碳质量分数在0.011%～0.033%的范围内时,随着其含量的增加,脱敏态690合金的晶界析出物形貌由细小半连续的颗粒逐渐转变为粗大分散的颗粒;主要析出物为M23C6富铬碳化物,M23C6析出物的质量分数从0.181%增加到0.541%。同时,随碳含量的增加,脱敏态690合金的平均晶粒尺寸从23μm减少到10μm;室温抗拉强度从702.5MPa增加到810MPa;屈服强度从300MPa增加到402.5MPa。细晶强化是690合金的主要强化方式。     

Ti微合金化Q345D钢中厚板的组织和力学性能

研究了铁水脱硫处理-150 t转炉-RH-保护浇铸-控轧控冷工艺生产的Ti微合金化Q345D钢(/%:0.15C,0.27Si,1.36Mn,0.019Ti,0.011P,0.003S,0.026Als)30 mm×2500 mm中板的力学性能、组织和析出物。结果表明,Ti微合金化Q345D钢的抗拉强度≥525 MPa,屈服强度≥390 MPa,延伸率≥29%,-40℃冲击功125 J;该钢组织为珠光体+铁素体+少量索氏体,晶粒度为12~14级;钢中夹杂物主要为MnS和Ti_4C_2S_2,钢中析出物为50~250 nm弥散分布的TiN;钢的强度增加主要是TiN细晶强化作用引起的。     

高V钢中V(C,N)沉淀强化作用的研究

通过实验室轧钢试验,研究了三种高V钢轧制状态下的组织的和力学性能,并用透射电镜观察了V（C,N）析出的状况.结果表明,高V钢中可以获得单相的铁素体组织,并可以获得较高的强度,最高的屈服强度值达到525 MPa.对C3钢而言,由V（C,N）析出颗粒的沉淀强化造成的屈服强度增量最大可达244 MPa.透射电镜观察结果表明,高V钢中容易获得相间析出.试验获得的V（C,N）析出颗粒为4～10 nm,经计算分析,该尺寸在V（C,N）最大沉淀强化效果的范围.     

微合金高强度耐候钢的试验研究

在实验室试制了400、460MPa级耐候钢,结果表明,试验钢屈服强度分别达到450、550MPa,抗拉强度分别达到545、615MPa;400MPa级耐候钢的显微组织以铁素体为主,460MPa级的以粒状贝氏体为主;400MPa级的析出物主要是CuS2和TiN,主要强化机制是细晶强化、析出强化;460MPa级的析出物主要是CuS2和（NbTi）CN,其主要强化机制是细晶强化、析出强化及相变强化。采用电子背散射EBSD技术分析了其晶体学取向,其晶粒间取向主要是大角度晶界。     

加热温度对钛铌复合微合金化高强钢析出和性能的影响

在实验室冶炼了一种低碳高强度微合金钢,进行了轧制和回溶试验,对轧制试样进行了拉伸试验﹑检验了金相组织,并用TEM对比分析了不同加热温度下试样的析出物形貌、成分、尺寸。结果表明,1 280℃加热保温后轧制产品的性能优于1 180℃加热轧制后产品的性能;两种加热温度下轧制试样的组织都由铁素体和珠光体组成,晶粒尺寸基本相同;轧制试样的析出物均为(Ti,Nb)(C,N)复合析出,但1 280℃加热温度的试样析出更加细小、数量更多。析出强化理论计算表明,加热温度高的试样析出强化要比加热温度低的试样高131 MPa。回溶试验表明,铸坯在1 280℃保温1.5 h后,析出物基本回溶,而1 180℃保温1.5 h后,析出物不能充分溶解,证明了加热温度对钛铌微合金化高强钢析出强化有较大的影响。     

TMCP生产低碳贝氏体钢中微合金化元素的作用机理研究

采用金相、透射电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDX)等分析手段研究了TMCP工艺生产的微合金化高强钢Q690钢的组织、第二相析出物,并在此基础上分析了其强化机理.发现钢板表面组织主要为板条贝氏体、少量粒状贝氏体以及针状铁素体,心部组织主要由粒状贝氏体和多边形铁素体构成;第二相析出物主要是铌钛的碳氮化物,尺寸在20 nm左右,弥散分布在基体上,多呈方形或类方形;硼主要以酸溶硼的形式存在,明显提高了钢的淬透性.Q690钢的强化机制主要是贝氏体相变强化、细晶强化和第二相析出强化,而这都与钢中微合金化元素的作用有关.     

CSP工艺试制汽车用高强度热轧板中的析出

利用透射电镜研究了珠钢CSP工艺试生产的汽车用高强度热轧板中的析出颗粒形貌与分布；利用Ashby-Orowan的弥散强化模型讨论了析出物颗粒尺寸及体积分数与屈服强度的关系。结果表明，在ZJ510L—B热轧板的铁素体晶界、晶内及位错上有大量细小的析出物，析出以TiC颗粒为主，细小弥散的析出颗粒产生的强化增量约40MPa，CSP工艺规程充分发挥了微合金元素的潜力。     

Nanoscale Cementite Precipitates and Comprehensive Strengthening Mechanism of Steel

This article summarizes the state of the art of the comprehensive strengthening mechanism of steel. By using chemical phase analysis, X-ray small-angle scattering (XSAS), room temperature organic (RTO) solution electrolysis and metal embedded sections micron-nano-meter characterization method, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the properties of nanoscale cementite precipitates in Ti microalloyed high-strength weathering steels produced by the thin slab continuous casting and rolling process were analyzed. Except nanoscale TiC, cementite precipitates with size less than 36 nm and high volume fraction were also found in Ti microalloyed high-strength weathering steels. The volume fraction of cementite with size less than 36 nm is 4.4 times as much as that of TiC of the same size. Cementite with high volume fraction has a stronger precipitation strengthening effect than that of nanoscale TiC, which cannot be ignored. The precipitation strengthening contributions of nanoscale precipitates of different types and sizes should be calculated, respectively, according to the mechanisms of shearing and dislocation bypass, and then be added with the contributions of solid solution strengthening and grain refinement strengthening. A formula for calculating the yield strength of low-carbon steel was proposed; the calculated yield strength considering the precipitation strengthening contributions of nanoscale precipitates and the comprehensive strengthening mechanism of steels matches the experimental results well. The calculated σ _s  = 630 to 676 MPa, while the examined σ _s  = 630 to 680 MPa. The reason that “ultrafine grain strengthening can not be directly added with dislocation strengthening or precipitation strengthening” and the influence of the phase transformation on steel strength were discussed. The applications for comprehensive strengthening theory were summarized, and several scientific questions for further study were pointed out.     

CSP流程钛微合金化高强钢的第二相粒子析出行为

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、物理化学相分析等方法并结合热力学计算,分析了CSP工艺生产的钛微合金化高强钢的析出物特征及析出规律.研究发现:屈服强度700 MPa级高强钢中存在大量球形的纳米级TiC和Ti(C,N)粒子及少量不规则形状、100 nm以上的Ti₄C₂S₂粒子,TiN在连轧前完成析出,TiC主要在卷取和空冷时析出.不含钼钢和含钼钢(0.1% Mo)中MC相的质量分数为0.049%和0.043%,由于钼的加入,含钼钢中Ti的析出量较少,但析出粒子更为细小,并定量得到了不含钼钢和含钼钢的析出强化效果分别为126 MPa和128 MPa.     

Precipitation Behavior of V-N Microalloyed Steels during Normalizing

The precipitation behavior of V-N microalloyed steel during normalizing process was studied by physicochemical phase analysis and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The effect of precipitation behavior on mechanical properties was investigated by theoretical calculations. The results showed that 32.9% of V(C,N) precipitates remained undissolved in the austenite during the soaking step of the normalizing process. These precipitates prevented the growth of the austenite grains. During the subsequent cooling process, the dissolved V(C,N) re-precipitated and played a role in precipitation strengthening. The undissolved V(C,N) induced intragranular ferrite nucleation and refined the ferrite grains. Consequently, compared with hot-rolled steel, the normalized steel exhibited increased grain-refining strengthening but diminished precipitation strengthening, leading to an improvement of the impact energy at the expense of about 40 MPa yield strength.     

Ti-V-Mo微合金化22MnB5钢中析出相及其强化作用

使用温成形替代热成形可以避免热成形过程中表面氧化等问题,但热成形常用22MnB5钢在高温回火后出现明显的软化现象.而通过向钢中添加Ti、V、Mo等微合金元素可以在钢中形成细小的析出相以及细化晶粒,起到提高强度的作用,从而可以解决该问题.因此,通过在22MnB5钢中添加Ti、V、Mo微合金元素,利用OM(光学显微镜)、F...     

Effect of sulphur content on precipitates and properties of DH36 structural steel

In the current research, the influences of sulphur content on precipitates and properties were investigated through thermodynamic calculation and microstructural analysis. The results show that the precipitates of DH36 structural steel are mainly (Nb, Ti)C and Ti(C,N), the size of which ranged from 7 to 220?nm. Plenty of nanoscale MnS was observed by transmission electron microscopy using carbon film replicas with 0.002% S. This is because the temperatures of maximum nucleation rate and fastest precipitation of MnS are much less than soaking temperature when S content is 0.002%, which is the main reason for the formation of nanoscale MnS. What is more, the pinning effect of nanoscale MnS can also refine the grain size. Consequently, ultra-low content of sulphur can be used to optimise the properties of DH36 structural steel.     

Effect of Nb and Ti on second-phase precipitation and mechanical properties of 430 ferritic stainless steel

The influence of Ti and Nb on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and second-phase precipitation of 430 ferritic stainless steel was investigated.In addition to optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses,tensile tests,and carbonitride extraction experiments were conducted to investigate the microscopic mechanisms.The results showed that the primary precipitates in SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel were Cr_(23)C_6,Mn_(23)C_6,and Cr_7C_3,and the primary strengthening mechanism was precipitation strengthening.When Ti was added separately,the main precipitates were TiC and TiN.However,coarse TiC adversely affected the mechanical properties of steel.When double-stabilized with Ti and Nb,coarse TiC was replaced by fine NbC.The type of precipitation was altered,and precipitation and solid solution strengthening occurred.Therefore,the tensile strength and plastic strain ratio(r-value) improved to 433.60 MPa and 1.37,respectively.