协同设计中的冲突体系及解决方法研究

对冲突在协同设计中所处的时期、层次及冲突属性三个维度进行了分析,并据此构建了一个协同设计冲突体系,在设计理念、应用、系统三个层次上对冲突的表现和导致的后果进行了说明。指出了冲突之间的关系在冲突解决问题上的重要性,在此基础上给出了一个面向冲突体系的冲突解决策略,这一策略能够更好地应对协同设计中冲突的复杂性和动态性,最后给出了关键算法的实现。     

并行设计中冲突的协商解决研究

针对并行设计中冲突协商策略的选取和优化解的非唯一性问题,给出了冲突的数学描述形式以及冲突原因的数学解释,证明了合作策略的优越性,研究了基于Nash定理的冲突协商解的存在性和唯一性,并给出一种协商模型以及具体应用实例.     

基于区间放松的冲突化解策略

针对基于约束网络的参数设计冲突提出一种化解策略．首先量化各约束的满足程度；然后构造出反映约束网络冲突严重程度的指标，并采用遗传算法以该指标为优化目标寻找制约产品设计的“瓶颈”变量；最后利用设计参数区间的可扩展性，以最小的设计区间损失争取最佳的产品指标．该方法已应用于某型铁路货车转向架弹性元件的设计过程。     

结合进港排序的终端区冲突解脱策略研究

终端区相对于航路,空间狭小,航线密集,航班机动范围有限,已成为飞行事故高发区。针对终端区的特殊情况,提出一种结合进港排序的冲突解脱方法。首先利用进港优化算法对终端区内航班的降落时间进行优化,然后将得到的预计到达时间与实际到达时间差最小作为航班解脱冲突的目标函数,由此得到终端区航班的冲突解脱方法,既保证了飞行安全又提高了运行效率。利用某机场的场景和飞行数据进行仿真,结果表明,此方法有效地解决了终端区飞行冲突问题,同时使航班快速有序地降落到跑道。     

多人冲突决策研究综述

对多人冲突决策的研究现况进行了综述，给出了冲突决策的一些基本概念，并分析了国内外的研究进展和发展趋势。     

制造业供应链产销协同计划冲突协商模型

面对市场竞争日益剧烈和客户需求多样化的趋势,制造业供应链的制造商和经销商努力实现产销协同计划。然而在产销协同计划中时常出现冲突,及时有效消解冲突,能提高整个供应链的协作效率,改善供应链上企业间的合作关系;反之,会降低供应链的运作效率,削弱供应链的竞争力。针对这类冲突问题,引入让步协商策略,在有限信息共享条件下,建立供应链产销协同计划冲突协商模型;设计具有历史提议回顾特点的协商流程;通过文化基因算法,产生反提议生成策略;通过算例验证文化基因算法及冲突协商模型的有效性。     

业务过程建模中冲突消解的研究

业务过程建模是整个工作流管理的基础,在工作流执行之前,需要对业务过程模型进行分析和检测,对含有冲突的模型进行冲突消解,以协助建模人员修改业务过程模型。介绍了冲突的体系结构,对近年来在冲突消解方面的研究进行论述,并提出了含有二级检测机制的冲突消解工具结构,为业务过程模型的分析提供依据。     

协同设计中多主体冲突问题的研究

从设计流程和体系结构的角度，对多主体冲突的产生、预防、检测与解决机制进行了系统的研究，提出了一个解决冲突问题的三层结构模型和各层相应的冲突解决策略，从而在控制级及领域级都对冲突进行了有效的避免和控制，该模型及方法在摩托车协同概念设计系统中得到了实现，为智能设计和协同设计奠定了基础。     

Supervisory Control of Distributed Systems: Conflict Resolution

In distributed synthesis and control, one well-known potential hazard is conflict between modular designs. In a modular approach to the supervisory control of discrete-event systems, modular supervisors that are individually nonblocking (with respect to the plant) may nevertheless conflict and thus produce blocking, or even deadlock, when operating concurrently. A scheme of resolving this potential conflict between the modular supervisors would be to accord priorities to the conflicting supervisors. When conflict arises, the modular supervisor that is assigned a higher priority will have sole control, or in other words the control action of the lower priority supervisor will be suspended. Thus by assigning priority appropriately, control actions of the modular supervisors will be suspended and reactivated in such a way that the potential conflict can be averted. In this article we formalize this scheme with reporter maps from a hierarchical approach to the supervisory control of discrete-event systems. These maps, each acting as an interface between a modular supervisor and the plant, mediate the flow of information and control, and thus in this way achieve suspension and reactivation of the modular supervisors. Sufficient conditions on these reporter maps for conflict resolution are obtained. Roughly speaking, the conditions are that (1) the reporter maps select suitable subsystems of the plant; (2) within these subsystems, conflicts are resolved; (3) the reporter maps are refined enough to lift these local conflict resolutions back to the original plant. With these conditions, a constructive solution is developed, which in essence suspends a supervisor just in time to prevent conflict and reactivates it when the plant and the other supervisor return to the state they were in when the suspension began. Examples inspired by the feature interaction problem in telecommunication systems are provided for illustration.     

移动工作集的冲突避免和解决

复制/缓存技术是为移动应用提供数据可用性的有效技术,但是,也存在数据大量冗余以及数据冲突等问题.以数据的语义片段为管理单位,将不同客户需要复制的数据进行合并管理,大大地减少了数据被复制的次数.同时,模拟传统数据库中锁的机制,提出了事务协调器方案,避免和解决数据冲突问题.     

Conflict Resolution as Discovery in Particle Physics

In this paper we focus on the general problem of identifying and resolving conflicts such as inconsistency and incompleteness in scientific discovery. The underlying idea is that conflicts in empirical knowledge can lead to new discoveries, provided that they are clearly identified. Our observations are based on the behavior and the results of an incremental discovery program, BR-3. The system models the discoveries of a series of quantum laws by physicists in this century. BR-3's discoveries are directed by a small set of consistency and completeness constraints. We evaluate the system in terms of its knowledge representation, discovery operators, and their behavior, and we describe its relation to other work in scientific discovery.     

分布式数据库复制实施策略中的冲突预防和解决

复制是分布式数据库实施策略中的重要一种，它能大大提高各结点的自治性，同时保证各结点数据副本之间的松散一致性，然而各结点自主的数据操作之间很可能发生冲突。针对这种情况，提出了设计分布式数据库时就积极地采取措施尽可能预防冲突发生；当冲突发生时，采用合理的策略来解决冲突。最后，以SQL Server2000为例来说明这种思想的具体应用。     

基于STN的时间冲突检测与消解

针对已有的STN一致性检验算法只能检测时间冲突而不能消解冲突的问题,以负环检测算法为基础,提出一种结合冲突检测和冲突消解的迭代算法。设计基于调整代价的冲突消解方法,对负环检测进行增量处理,可提高冲突消解的合理性和速度,减轻计划者处理冲突的负担。实验结果证明该算法具有较高的效率。     

一种改进的遗传算法在飞行冲突解脱

随着空中交通流量的增加,空中交通管理系统面临着越来越严重的航线拥挤问题.在自由飞行的环境下,发生冲突的可能性会大大增加,冲突解脱技术成为提高飞行安全与效益的一项关键技术.针对此问题,提出了一种改进的、能够快速准确进行航路规划的遗传算法,与标准遗传算法进行比较,取得了较好的优化效果.     

基于多维整数空间的安全策略冲突检测与消解

针对当前大部分安全策略冲突检测与消解算法缺少灵活性和扩展性等缺点,提出一种基于多维整数空间的安全策略形式化描述方法,在此基础上设计了一种可扩展的安全策略冲突检测与消解算法,并证明其正确性,设计并实现能够自动对安全策略进行冲突检测与消解的工具SPCDRT。     

Conflict resolution using game theory and rough sets

Conflicts occur naturally in the real world at all levels of society, individually, in groups or society as a whole. Almost all the existing conflict resolution models are unilateral in their decision‐making process. They do not consider the actions of the involved parties simultaneously. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to design a novel conflict resolution model based on game‐theoretic rough sets by constructing a game between all the concerned parties (players), computing the payoff of different strategies and classifying them following equilibrium rules. The proposed model yields more realistic and accurate results as it explores all possibilities and is flexible in determining different threshold values relative to the complexities of real‐life problems. Three real‐life conflict situations are solved with the proposed model, and a comprehensive analysis is done to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

网络式软件非功能需求冲突消解

在构建非功能需求冲突管理元模型的基础上,给出相关建模元素的形式化描述,将需求冲突的语义定义作为检测依据。根据不同的需求冲突类型和程度,提出一种排除冲突和降低冲突的网络式软件非功能需求冲突消解方法。以旅游出行领域中计算行程费用服务的非功能需求为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

CONCENSUS: multi-party negotiation support for conflict resolution in concurrent engineering design

Advances in telematics have led many manufacturing companies in particular to explore the adoption of groupware technology to improve communication between team members. However, complex activities such as conflict resolution are still predominantly facilitated through face-to-face negotiation meetings. Intelligent software agents technology is being applied to support computer-mediated conflict resolution activities, such as information search and retrieval, recording negotiation process history and task allocation – whilst the creative negotiation activities such as generating new solutions, preventing and detecting conflicts are still left to the human experts. This paper describes the development of a framework for the support of multi-party negotiation for multi-agent systems, which will be introduced through a general overview of the requirements of multi-agent negotiation. Finally, the current architecture of the developed prototype for a CONCurrent Engineering Negotiation SUpport System (CONCENSUS) is presented.     

数据交换中基于本体的语义冲突消解方案

为解决数据交换过程中的语义冲突问题,提出一种基于本体的语义冲突消解方案。利用ER模型实现关系模式到XML模式的语义映射,采用本体对经过初步语义转换的XML Schema进行语义标注。实验结果表明,该方案能减少由自然语言或符号不同引起的歧义,在一定程度上消除语义冲突。     

基于优化算法的冲突仲裁策略

该文提出了一种基于优化算法的冲突仲裁策略。在约束网络支持的并行设计过程中，建立了冲突仲裁的数学模型，设计了反映冲突严重程度的指标，并针对该指标利用基因算法进行优化求解。与以往的冲突解决方法不同，该方法利用设计参数区间的可扩展性，找到了制约设计问题的瓶颈，以最小的设计区间损失争取到最佳设计指标，从而达到有效解决冲突的目的。与约束网络相配合，该方法能够在并行设计的初期就监控设计过程，提早解决冲突以避免后期出现大返工。文中最后利用了转向架的设计实例说明了该方法的有效性。