交流输电线路对埋地金属管道稳态干扰的影响规律

随着电力和石油能源需求不断发展,电力线路和埋地金属油气管道建设在全国各地迅速展开。土地资源紧张的地区,高压输电线路和油气管道往往面临同走廊并行走线的状况。高压交流线路正常运行时,线路上的电流周期性变化产生交变磁场会在管道上产生纵向感应电动势从而引起交流稳态干扰。探讨并获得了管道外径/壁厚、管道埋深、防腐层厚度、管道防腐层绝缘电阻率等参数对交流稳态干扰的影响规律,可供电力和管道设计单位参考之用。     

短时大电流入地时管道阻性耦合电压计算方法研究

交流架空输电线路与钢制埋地管道共用走廊资源的现象越发频繁,短时大电流入地时产生的阻性耦合电压将会严重加速管道腐蚀。为量化计算埋地管道阻性耦合电压,文中提出一种基于CDEGS仿真模型的计算方法。首先建立大电流入地仿真模型;其次给出工频电流接地时管道阻性耦合电压的计算方法,并分析电流幅值、土壤电阻率以及电流入地点离管道最近点的距离对管道阻性耦合电压的影响;最后给出雷电流入地时,计及频率的管道阻性耦合电压的计算方法以及基于时频转换的电压最大值计算方法,并分析雷电流幅值、雷电流入地点离管道最近点的距离、土壤电阻率以及雷电流经多杆塔入地对管道阻性耦合电压的影响。     

Corrosive effects of the electromagnetic induction caused by the high voltage power lines on buried X70 steel pipelines

This paper diagnoses the corrosive effects of the electromagnetic induction caused by double circuit high voltage power lines (HVPL) on the buried X70 steel pipelines. To achieve this objective, firstly the electromagnetic interference between the double circuit HVPL and the X70 steel pipeline (the distribution of the magnetic field and the induced AC current densities in the buried X70 steel pipeline) and the factors affecting this interference such as the vertical distance between the double circuit HVPL and the X70 steel pipeline, and the conductor phase sequence orientation were studied. Then, electrochemical measurements were used to characterize the corrosion polarization properties of X70 steel in simulated soil at various AC current densities. The results show that with an increase in the AC current density, the corrosion rate of the X70 steel increased, indicating that the induced AC current density has accelerated the corrosion degree of X70 steel, by comparison with that in the absence of the AC current density. We can conclude from these results that the electromagnetic induction caused by the double circuit high voltage power lines affects the electrochemical characteristic of the X70 steel pipeline and accelerates the corrosion of the pipeline.     

电压跌落时带有Crowbar电路的双馈感应发电机的瞬态分析

为了研究双馈感应发电机对电网电压跌落的适应能力,以及其实现低电压穿越的功能,文章通过将由向量法求出的瞬态电流与由等效电路法求出的稳态电流进行叠加而得出的定子、转子故障电流的近似解析式,来分析在定子端三相对称电压跌落、转子侧变换器断开、投入Crowbar电路情况下的双馈感应发电机内部的电磁关系变化过程。此外,在理论分析的基础上,文中建立了2　MW双馈感应发电机的PSCAD模型,且在7.5 kW双馈风力发电测试平台上进行了实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明,这种通过瞬态电流和稳态电流进行叠加的方法而求得的双馈感应发电机故障电流的近似解析表达式可以准确地反映出双馈感应发电机磁链和电流的瞬态变化。     

交流架空线对平行埋地钢制管道感性耦合的计算研究

随着城市发展和能源需求的持续增大,交流架空输电线路对埋地钢制管道的电磁影响问题愈加突出。而传统方法主要利用电磁场仿真或大地回路等效模型实现耦合电压的计算,其方法复杂且耗时长。针对上述问题,提出了一种针对交流架空输电线路正常运行时对平行埋地钢制管道耦合电压的计算方法。文中首先建立计及多因素影响的单位长度管道耦合电压计算模型,其次通过分析绝缘连接和管道破损等因素对感性耦合电压最低点位置的偏移作用,给出了最低点位置的计算方法以确定管道耦合电压分布形式,最后提出了基于单位长度管道感性耦合电压增量和耦合电压分布形式的管道耦合电压计算方法。实例分析表明,相比于仿真值和实测值,其误差低于10%,能对管道耦合电压进行合理计算。     

输电线路短路电流对埋地管道电位抬升及抑制方法研究 已排

针对城市中输电线路与埋地油气金属管道临近问题,通过建立架空导/地线-杆塔-接地网-埋地管道一体化电磁场计算模型,综合考虑导线和避雷线对金属管道的感性耦合影响以及杆塔入地电流对管道的阻性耦合影响。基于此模型研究土壤电阻率、临近距离、管道参数、交叉跨越角度以及不同供流方式对金属管道电位、防腐层耐受电压的影响规律,并开展管道电位抬升的抑制方法研究,可以为输电线路发生接地短路故障时临近燃油（气）管道安全防护提供指导。     

交流输电线路对输油输气管道电磁影响的限值

分析了交流输电线路对输油输气管道电磁影响涉及的主要问题,总结分析了国内外相关标准,提出了限制交流输电线路对输油输气管道电磁影响的建议,包括：交流输电线路正常运行时和接地故障时的人体安全电压限值、交流输电线路发生接地故障时的管道安全电压限值、管道阴极保护设备正常工作时的电压限值和管道泄漏电流密度限值。     

激光电容半桥串联谐振充电电源研究

在重复率脉冲固体激光器中,由于储能电容需要频繁的充放电,通常采用谐振充电电路以适应其负载的大范围变化。为此研制了开关频率为20kHz,充电电流为2.1A,最高充电电压为1.86kV的半桥串联谐振充电电路。该电路工作于电流断续模式,开关管的开通和关断均为软开关。通过对周期电压、电流递推公式的分析,表明该工作模式中每个周期的平均充电电流均为恒定。应用递推公式计算稳态和暂态谐振电容电压和电流,结果显示暂态最大工作电压是稳态最大电压的2倍,暂态最大电流为稳态最大峰值电流的1.5倍,为谐振电容和开关管的选取提供了依据。     

Investigation of Buck-boost DC–DC Converter Operation in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) and the Effect of Converter Elements on Output Response Using a Mathematical Model Based on Laplace and Z-Transforms

In this paper, a new method based on Laplace and Z-transforms is proposed for mathematical modeling of a buck-boost DC–DC converter in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The Laplace transform is used to obtain the time response of the output voltage and inductor current. The Z-transform is used to analyze the transient and steady state responses. Using the determined initial values of output voltage and inductor current which are obtained by the final value theorem of Z-transform, the effect of converter elements on transient and steady state responses can be analyzed by using the proposed method. Finally, the results of theoretical analysis are compared to experimental and simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC software.     

Development and hardware implementation of a reliable protective relay data acquisition system

This paper proposes an intelligence based protective relay data acquisition system to correct current transformers and capacitive voltage transformers secondary waveform distortions. The protective relay data acquisition system receives voltage and current signals from current transformers and capacitive voltage transformers and prepares the inputs to the main board after some pre-processing. Current transformers and capacitive voltage transformers provide instrument level current and voltage signals to meters and protective relays in high voltage and extra high voltage systems. The accuracy and performance of protective relays in high voltage and extra high voltage systems are directly related to steady state and transient performance of current transformers and capacitive voltage transformers. Current transformers saturation and capacitive voltage transformers transient could lead to protective relay mal-operation or even prevent tripping. The key of the proposed scheme is to use artificial neural network to achieve the inverse transfer functions of current transformers and capacitive voltage transformers. Simulation studies are preformed and the impacts of changing different parameters are studied. Performance study results show that the proposed scheme is accurate and reliable. The proposed algorithm has also been implemented and tested on a digital signal processor board. Details of the implementation and experimental studies are provided in the paper.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ASYNCHRONIZED SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

ABSTRACT

Theoretical steady state and transient characteristics of an asynchronised synclironous ( a.s.) generator, having excitation with full compensation for the emf induced in the field windings, are presented. Also transient characteristics of an a.s. generator, having excitation with field current feedback and slip feedback, are presented taking into consideration the ceiling voltage of the exciter

Finally a novel experimental excitation scheme using cyclo-converters and field current feedback is described, using which the steady state power, reactive power versus torque angle curves of a laboratory a.s. generator are obtained for the entire range ( 0 - 180° elec) of the torque angle at synchronous speed.     

基于准稳态模型的特高压半波长交流输电系统稳态特性与暂态稳定研究

特高压半波长交流输电是一项很有吸引力和前瞻性的远距离大容量输电技术,其稳态特性和暂态稳定研究是其可行性应用研究的基础。首先根据传输线和二端口理论推导出可用于潮流和稳定工程计算的特高压半波长交流线路的准稳态模型;然后在潮流计算的基础上,得出半波长线路的稳态运行特性,并从入、反射波与无功需求2个方面对其电压分布特性进行深入分析。在大量暂态稳定工程计算的基础上,提出特高压半波长交流输电系统的暂态稳定极限和输电能力,并研究最严重故障点和频率变化对系统暂态稳定极限的影响。研究成果对特高压半波长交流输电系统的可行性研究和未来试验工程的实施提供了有力的技术支撑。     

基于激磁涌流抑制的动态电压调节器控制策略

为解决动态电压调节器(DVR)研制中的一类关键问题--耦合变压器激磁涌流问题,对DVR的控制策略进行了研究.首先分析了滤波环节位于DVR装置侧时,已有激磁涌流抑制方法将在滤波电容中产生瞬态过电流的问题;继而讨论了传统双闭环控制策略中恒定比例系数无法满足瞬态、稳态双重需求的局限性;据此提出了闭环比例系数由瞬态向稳态衰减过渡的新型变参数控制策略.该策略在避免了激磁涌流的基础上,限制了逆变器与滤波电容间的瞬态过流,优化了逆变器和变压器的工作状态,增强了DVR的补偿效果.最后,利用仿真实验对该策略的实用性和有效性进行了验证.     

高压直流挤包绝缘电缆系统试验的分析和研究

与高压交流挤包绝缘电缆系统的试验相比,高压直流挤包绝缘电缆系统试验需要考虑电缆绝缘内最大温差和叠加冲击电压试验这两个难点。直流电缆制造商会依据绝缘材料和电缆设计特点,向试验机构提供绝缘内最大温差的数值。在负荷循环的稳态过程中,需要控制绝缘内最大温差。由于在试验过程中没有办法直接测量绝缘内最大温差,其数值是通过稳态热传递原理公式推算得到的。对依据稳态热传递原理推算的绝缘内最大温差和负荷循环的执行情况进行了说明。运行中的高压直流输电线路除了承受正常的工作电压外,同时还可能承受雷电和操作冲击的作用。因此,在高压输电线路的绝缘设计中,需要考虑直流高压下的空间气隙的冲击放电特性,并对叠加冲击电压试验进行研究。对叠加冲击电压试验的两种试验回路进行了分析和探讨。     

Computer aided evaluation of pipeline current near toroidal HVDCground electrodes

The effect of the return current of an HVDC toroidal electrode on underground metallic installations such as pipelines and cables is evaluated. In order to quantify the effect of HVDC electrodes on the buried conductor, an equivalent model is first presented that takes into account the electrical properties of the pipeline and its surrounding. In particular, infinitely long pipelines with different coatings are considered. The pipelines are assumed to be continuously buried in homogeneous soil and are located in the vicinity of the HVDC electrode. It is found that the voltage gradient in the vicinity of the electrode results in return currents in grounded conductors, the effects of which can extend several kilometers. Protective coatings reduce stray current from local voltage disturbances but have limited effect against distant electrodes     

地下金属管网对通信线路暂态电磁屏蔽作用的计算

为了分析电力线路故障条件下,地下金属管网对其附近通信线路的屏蔽保护作用,给出了地下金属管网电磁屏蔽暂态计算的模型和系统化方法。借助快速傅立叶算法(FFT),地下金属管网对通信线路的时域暂态屏蔽作用可由其频域计算结果变换得到。频域计算模型基于传输线理论,以管网的节点电压为未知量,计算软件所需内存小,计算速度快。该方法对电力线路、通信线路以及金属管线的走廊选取与设计具有指导意义。     

Induced voltages on fence wires and pipelines by AC powertransmission lines

A method is developed for calculating the induced voltages on fence wires/pipelines underneath AC power transmission lines. The method is based on the charge simulation technique and takes into account the disturbances of the electric field and potential due to the presence of the fence wire/pipeline underneath the line. The calculated values of the induced voltage on fence wires are compared with those measured before. Induced voltages on pipelines underneath 230- and 380-kV lines are measured, correlated to the calculated values and discussed in the light of electric field induction on objects adjacent to AC power transmission lines     

柔直系统适时切换的故障穿越方法

为了实现柔性直流输电系统在网侧不对称故障时的故障穿越,同时保持稳态时的柔直阻抗稳定性,本文详细分析了柔直系统的正负序控制以及采用1/4周期延时的正、负序分解算法对柔直系统不同频率分量阻抗波动的影响,推导并建立了柔直系统的交流侧高频阻抗模型。在此基础上提出一种适时切换的故障穿越算法,利用负序电压的稳态量和突变量进行故障判断,稳态时内环采用全序电流控制,不进行正负序分解,从而降低了柔直系统阻抗的周期性波动,故障暂态时叠加负序电流控制,抑制负序故障电流,实现了故障时系统的持续运行。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中,搭建柔直系统仿真平台进行仿真研究,验证了本文设计策略的有效性。     

固态限流器对双端电源系统正常运行的影响

详细分析了新型固态限流器对单机-无穷大系统启动暂态过程和稳态运行的影响,得出以下结论：启动过程中限流器直流电感的充磁使线路电流上升减慢;耦合变压器漏抗和桥路损耗等影响发电机功角和励磁电压;直流限流电感（电抗）与单机一无穷大系统联线阻抗之比越小,其启动充磁对系统的影响越小;耦合变压器漏抗越低,对系统稳态运行影响越小。分析和仿真均验证了直流电感按限流要求设计时,固态限流器对系统的运行没有明显影响,若采用低漏抗耦合变压器或带旁路电感则可进一步降低这种影响。     

电子镇流器中半桥逆变电路的瞬态分析方法

本文通过对二阶RLC电路求解瞬态响应的方法对半桥逆变电路的稳态工作进行了分析,求出其完整解。根据阻尼因子k的大小,得出电路几种不同工作模式下输出的电压、电流波形,它同用示波器观测到的灯的实际电压、电流波形是完全吻合的。