人造金红石加入量对沸腾氯化工艺的影响

工业生产中广泛使用的制备TiCl4的氯化工艺有两种：沸腾氯化和熔盐氯化。熔盐氯化工艺具有适应高钙、镁的富钛矿原料，对原料的要求比较低，但该工艺存在废盐量大、难处理、操作不稳定、不连续等缺点，而沸腾氯化工艺操作相对比较容易、能连续生产，目前为大多数国家所采用。但该工艺对原料要求比较高，特别是对原料中钙、镁含量有严格要求。攀枝花的钛资源十分丰富，但以攀枝花钛精矿为原料冶炼的钛渣，其钙、镁含量较高，达到7％-11％，难以适应沸腾氯化工艺技术的要求。     

云南高钛渣沸腾氯化生产粗TiCl4可行性探讨

分析了云南高钛渣的特点及沸腾氯化制取粗TiCl4的可行性。在有筛板沸腾氯化炉中进行了云南高钛渣沸氯化实验，表明含CaO、MgO量较高的云南高钛渣经沸腾氯化生产组TiCl4是可行的。     

钛渣合理品位选择

美国钛专家说:“中国是第一个用高钛渣沸腾氯化的国家”,作为生产四氯化钛为原料的高钛渣就氯化工序而言,当然要求TiO_2品位越高越好,因为这样可以减少氯气的消耗,降低TiCl_4成本;另一方面电炉熔炼高钛渣对TiO_2品位要求太高,熔炼有一定困难,还要多耗电能,又要增加成本。将电炉和氯化作为一个整体来研究,到底生产多高品位的高     

云南高钛渣在沸腾氯化中的应用与探讨

根据云南高钛渣的特点 ,在有筛板沸腾氯化炉中进行沸腾氯化 ,验证含CaO、MgO含量较高的高钛渣经沸腾氯化生产粗TiCl4的可行性。     

沸腾氯化工艺在生产中的应用

介绍了以石油焦，高钛渣，氯气等作原料，采用沸腾氯化工艺生产粗四氯化钛的情况及改造革新后的成果。     

大型熔盐氯化炉生产实践

熔盐氯化是高钛渣氯化生产四氯化钛的主要方法,它对物料粒度的适应范围较宽,能够处理沸腾氯化不宜处理的高钛渣.不同的物料配比,高钛渣的氯化率不一样,四氯化钛产出量也不一样.笔者通过对某公司现有熔盐氯化炉生产中不同物料配比试验,找出实际生产中合理的、经济的物料配比方案,同时,验证熔盐氯化炉氯气进炉速度与实验时氯气速度的吻合程...     

钛渣熔盐氯化炉稳定运行影响因素

对钛渣熔盐氯化过程中的稳定控制影响因素进行了分析,考察了原料品位、原料粒度、熔盐成分控制、氯气浓度、熔盐温度对氯化过程稳定控制的影响。结果表明:原料品位、混合氯气浓度对氯化过程影响相对较小;钛渣与石油焦为140~300目、熔盐温度为770~780℃时,对应的熔盐成分相对稳定。     

低品位高钛渣中钛组分制备金红石(英文)

介绍了以70%～75%TiO2的低品位高钛渣为原料制备人造金红石的分离工艺。低品位高钛渣中MgO,FeO,CaO,Al2O3和SiO2进入杂质相,钛组分进入金红石相,金红石相中TiO2品位达到90%～95%,可满足流态化氯化对杂质的要求。1050℃的低温预氧化与1510℃的高温热处理促使渣中分散于各矿物相的钛组分选择性转移并富集于金红石相,金红石相析出与长大,用稀硫酸和稀盐酸实现金红石相的分离。实验结果表明,金红石矿物相平均晶粒度可以达到25μm,通过稀酸选择性浸出改性渣,可以获得95%TiO2品位的人造金红石。     

对前苏联钛精矿用选择氯化法制取人造金红石的试验研究

通过对前苏联ＭＡＥＢＣＫＯ钛精矿进行选择氯化制取人造金红石试验，得出结论：在采用我国沸腾氯化技术的条件下，对前苏联钛精矿用选择氯化法制取人造金红石在工艺上是可行的。其人造金红石中ＴｉＯ２的含量达到９０．９０％，副产品三氯化铁的纯度达到８９．２４％。     

沸腾氯化生产TiCl_4工艺分析及氯化废料的综合利用

随着钛冶金工业的迅速发展,金属钛及其副产品的应用越来越广,Ti Cl4作为钛产品的上游原料,产量也越来越大,生产过程中伴生的氯化废料数量也随之增大。为此,结合沸腾氯化生产Ti Cl4工艺,对影响沸腾氯化的因素进行分析,并制定各种氯化废料的综合处理方案,以期简化氯化废料处置工艺,避免污染物经二次或多次循环后重新进入环境,最大限度降低对环境的污染,实现节能减排,绿色可持续发展。     

Preparation of Ti-rich material from titanium slag by activation roasting followed by acid leaching

A method of activation roasting followed by acid leaching using titanium slag was introduced to prepare Ti-rich material. The effects of H₃PO₄ dosage, roasting temperature, and roasting time on TiO₂ grade were investigated. A Ti-rich material containing 88.54% TiO₂, 0.42% (CaO+MgO) was obtained when finely ground titanium slag was roasted with 7.5% H₃PO₄ at 1000 °C for 2 h, followed by a two-stage leaching in boiling dilute sulfuric acid for 2 h. The XRD patterns show that the product is titanium dioxide with a rutile structure. Mechanism studies show that structures of anosovite solid solution and silicate minerals are destroyed in the roasting process. As a result, titanium components in titanium slag are transformed into TiO₂ (rutile) while impurities are transformed into acid-soluble phosphate and quartz.     

国内钛渣科研及生产现状

全面概述了我国钛渣生产技术的研发历程、工艺技术和生产现状。重点介绍了用攀枝花钛精矿球团冶炼高钛渣、氧化-密闭电炉冶炼高钛渣、预还原-密闭电炉冶炼高钛渣和粉矿直接入电炉冶炼高钛渣的小试、中试和半工业性试验结果，以及用攀枝花钛矿和云南钛矿制备高钛渣的对比试验结果。文中最后指出，开发适合我国钛矿的高品位富钛料工艺技术，是充分利用我国丰富钛资源，全面提升我国钛白行业和钛材产业整体水平的需要。     

Extraction of valuable metals from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag using ammonium sulfate pressurized pyrolysis–acid leaching processes

A novel method of extracting valuable metals from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag (TBBF slag) via pressure pyrolysis of recyclable ammonium sulfate (AS)–acid leaching process was proposed. The results show that when pressurized roasting at an AS-to-slag mass ratio 3:1 and 370 °C for 90 min, the extraction rates of titanium, aluminum and magnesium reached 94.5%, 91.9% and 97.4%, respectively. The acid leaching solution was subjected to re-crystallization in a boiling state to obtain a titanium product having a TiO₂ content of 94.1%. The above crystallization mother liquor was adjusted to pH=6 and pH≥12.2, respectively, and then qualified Al₂O₃ and MgO products were obtained. The analysis through XRD and SEM–EDS proves that the main phases in roasted samples were NH₄AlSO₄, CaSO₄ and TiOSO₄. The thermodynamic analysis presents that the main minerals of perovskite, spinel and diopside in raw ore could spontaneously react with the intermediate produced by AS under optimal conditions.     

Decomposition of acid dissolved titanium slag from Australia by sodium hydroxide

The kinetics of the decomposition of acid dissolved titanium slag with a sodium hydroxide system under atmospheric pressure was studied. The effect of reaction temperature, particle size and NaOH-to-slag mass ratio on titanium extraction was investigated. The results show that temperature and particle size have significant influence on titanium extraction. The experimental data of titanium extraction show that the shrinking core model with chemical reaction controlled process is most applicable for the decomposition of slag, with an apparent activation energy of 62.4 kJ·mol⁻¹. Approximately 85 wt.%−90 wt.% of the titanium can be extracted from the slag under the optimal conditions. In addition, the purity of titanium dioxide obtained in the product is up to 98.5 wt.%.     

Appropriate titanium slag composition during smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets

The suitable titanium slag composition with high titanium content for electric furnace smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite was investigated through thermodynamics and related phase diagram analysis. According to the thermodynamic results, low-melting-point regions and MgTi₂O₅ primary phase area in the phase diagrams, the suggested titanium slag composition for the present vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets should consist of 50% TiO₂, 8%–12% MgO and 13% Al₂O₃ (mass fraction) with a binary basicity of 0.8–1.2. Finally, the verified smelting experiments were conducted and successful separation of the molten iron from the titanium slag is obtained. The obtained vanadium-containing molten iron contains 0.681% V and 0.267% Ti, and the obtained titanium slag contains 52.21% TiO₂ (mass fraction), in which MgTi₂O₅ is the primary phase. The titanium resource in the final titanium slag production could be used to produce TiO₂ pigment by acid leaching methods.     

Phase conversion and removal of impurities during oxygen-rich alkali conversion of high titanium slag

In order to achieve high-efficiency alkali conversion and impurity removal of high titanium slag under the condition of low alkali concentration, a new way of oxygen-rich alkali conversion in KOH solution was proposed. The conversion law of element occurrence state and the influence of the conversion conditions on the titanium conversion rate and removal rate of silicon and aluminum were studied. The results showed that the KOH solution converted the titanium oxide in high titanium slag into whisker-like potassium titanate. Silicon and aluminum elements were dissolved into the solution. Under the following conditions, KOH concentration of 6 mol/L, conversion temperature of 260 °C, initial oxygen partial pressure of 2 MPa, liquid?solid ratio of 35 mL/g, conversion time of 4 h, and high titanium slag particle size of 48?74 μm, the conversion rate of titanium was 97.0%, and the removal rates of silicon and aluminum were 90.2% and 76.2%, respectively. Oxygen-rich alkali conversion product was converted to rutile with a TiO₂ grade of 99.1% by acid hydrolysis conversion.     

Pressure leaching of converter vanadium slag with waste titanium dioxide

The process of pressure leaching the converter vanadium slag with waste titanium dioxide without roasting was studied. Mineralogy analysis indicates that the converter vanadium slag contains mainly three mineral phases: magnetite, titanium magnetite, and silicate phase. Vanadium is in combination with iron, titanium, manganese, aluminum, and silicon. The impacts of leaching temperature, leaching time, stirring speed, liquid-to-solid ratio, and initial leaching agent concentration were investigated on the waste titanium dioxide leaching process. The results indicate that under the optimal conditions, the vanadium and the iron leaching rates are 96.85 % and 93.50 %, respectively, and the content of titanium is 12.6 % in the residue. The main mineral phases for the residues under the optimal operation conditions are quartz, ilmenite, anatase, and silicate phase, and the residues can be reused as the extraction of titanium raw materials for titanium dioxide production technology by the sulfate method.     

A New Technique for Preparation of High-Grade Titanium Slag from Titanomagnetite Concentrate by Reduction–Melting–Magnetic Separation Processing

This paper proposes a new technique for preparation of high-grade titanium slag from Panzhihua vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate by reduction–melting–magnetic separation processing. Chemical analysis, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. The effective separation of iron and titanium slag could be realized by melting metallized pellets at 1550°C for 60 min with the addition of 1% CaO (basicity of 1.1) and 2% graphite powder. The small iron particles embedded in the slag could be removed by fine grinding and magnetic separation process. The grade of TiO₂ in the obtained high-grade titanium slag reached 60.68% and the total recovery of TiO₂ was 91.25%, which could be directly applied for producing titanium white by the sulfuric acid process. This technique provides an alternative method to use vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate of the Panzhihua area in China.     

Effect of rutile crystal shapes on its settlement

The effect of rutile crystal shapes on its settlement in a modified slag was studied by theoretical analysis, FactSage simulation, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the settling velocities of spherical rutile crystals are faster than those of other shapes of rutile crystals under the same volume conditions, and the shape transformation of rutile crystals from rod to sphere can be achieved by adding titanium slag to Ti-bearing blast furnace slag. The volume fractions of the rutile crystals in the upper and lower parts of the modified slag are 30% and 71% when the added titanium slag increases to 278 g, indicating that rutile settling is obvious. Due to the rutile settling, half shaker sorting task is saved, and the recovery rate of TiO₂ is significantly increased. The TiO₂ content of rutile is greater than 93%, and the total content of CaO and MgO is less than 0.4%, meeting the requirements for the raw materials of titanium white in the chloride process.     

攀钢高钛型高炉渣综合利用探讨

简述了高钛型高炉渣当前阶段的各种利用技术,讨论了其存在的问题。详细介绍了稀盐酸浸取高钛型高炉渣制备富钛料及其综合利用技术,认为该方法是解决高钛型高炉渣综合利用的有效途径之一。