粉末法制备SiC纤维/钛基复合材料先驱丝用粘结剂的研究

进行了粉末法SiC(f)/钛基复合材料先驱丝用粘结剂的研究.聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯热分解温度低(＜350℃),经真空除气处理后,残余物少,引入体系的杂质量＜0.02%(质量分数),复合材料中基体与纤维结合良好.研究结果表明,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯是制备SiC(f)/钛基复合材料先驱丝良好的粘结剂.     

SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料的界面反应

采用真空热压工艺制备了界面结合良好的SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料,并对其界面和SiC纤维进行了透射电镜分析.结果表明,针状β-SiC晶粒沿纤维径向生长,呈辐射状分布;在复合材料的热压制备过程中,Si和C由SiC纤维向钛基体扩散,Ti则向SiC纤维扩散,形成了TiC和Ti5Si3等产物.     

Cf／SiC复合材料力学性能对比研究

以聚碳硅烷（PCS）为先驱体，T300碳纤维和光威（GW）碳纤维为增强纤维，采用先驱体浸渍一裂解工艺（PIP）分别制备了Cf／SiC复合材料。在相同工艺条件下，所制备GW碳纤维复合材料的力学性能达到了T300纤维复合材料的性能水平，两种纤维增强SiC基复合材料抗弯强度分别为364MPa和437MPa。采用扫描电镜观察试样断口形貌及纤维拔出情况，并分析了复合材料的结构和性能差异。     

SiC纤维增强Ni-Cr-Al合金复合材料先驱丝的制备

采用对靶设计的磁控溅射法在SiC纤维表面先后沉积了(Al+Al2O3)扩散阻挡层和Ni-Cr-Al合金先驱层,制备得到SiCf/Ni-Cr-Al先驱丝。研究了涂层的形貌、成分和相组成,以及涂层对SiC纤维力学性能的影响。对先驱丝在850℃/150 h和900℃/150 h进行真空热处理。结果表明:Al_2O_3涂层均匀致密,呈非晶态,Ni-Cr-Al合金涂层成分分布均匀,与靶材成分相当;涂层与SiC纤维结合良好,且对SiC纤维力学性能影响较小;先驱丝在真空热处理后,Ni-Cr-Al合金层仍保持完整,(Al+Al_2O_3)涂层有效的抑制了界面处元素扩散和化学反应,保证了高性能的SiC_f/Ni-Cr-Al复合材料的制备。     

SiC连续纤维增强钛基复合材料研究

采用SCS－6 SiC连续纤维和箔－纤维－箔法制备SiC长纤维增强的TC4和Ti40基复合材料，研究复合材料的微观组织结构，结果表明：采用925℃的固化工艺制备长纤维SiC/TC4 和SiC/Ti40复合材料是合适的；SiC/TC4和SiC/Ti40复合材料的界面反应层厚度分别为0．8μm和0．6μm，基体与纤维的界面结合良好，在SiC/Ti40复合材料两纤维间区域存在TiC析出物。     

粉末布法制备SiC/Ti基复合材料

用粉末布法制备了低成本SiC/Ti基复合材料.结果表明,采用合适的轧制参数即可容易地获得厚度合适、均匀的粉末布;热失重分析和热解残余物分析指出用来制备粉末布的有机粘结剂的去除过程分成两个阶段,合理除气后,基本没有残余物.使用真空热压工艺制备的SiC/Ti基复合材料,纤维分布基本均匀,纤维与基体的界面结合良好.     

SiC长纤维增强阻燃钛合金基复合材料研究

研究了SiC增强Ti40阻燃钛合金基复合材料及两纤维间的析出物.结果表明,925℃固化压实SiC/Ti40复合材料的工艺是合适的;SiC/Ti40复合材料两纤维间因SiC表面的C与基体Ti的反应生成TiC析出物.     

先驱体转化制备2D Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能

以国产3k JC1#纤维布为增强体,以聚碳硅烷和SiC微粉为先驱体和填料,分别采用热压辅助先驱体转化和先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了2D Cf/SiC复合材料.结果表明,热压辅助先驱体转化工艺制备的2D C/SiC复合材料纤维损伤严重,基体较为疏松,材料力学性能很低,弯曲强度和断裂韧性仅为84.3 MPa和6.5 MPa·m1/2.而先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备的2D C-SiC复合材料纤维损伤较小,具有较好的界面结合,内部孔隙较为均匀,力学性能较好,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到321.6 MPa和17.8 MPa·m1/2.材料具有较好的高温力学性能,1300℃时力学性能有较大幅度的提高,1600℃和1800℃时复合材料力学性能还可以较好地保持.     

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料界面反应研究

针对连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料界面反应速率、反应产物进行了研究.采用基体-纤维涂覆法和热等静压工艺,制备了连续W芯SiC纤维增强TC17复合材料.对复合材料进行不同温度、不同时间热暴露,通过SEM、TEM、EDS,表征分析了界面反应层厚度、界面处化学成分及界面反应产物类型.结果表明:C涂层能有效保护SiC纤维;界面反应层处的主要元素为Ti和C;制备状态试样的界面反应产物为TiC1-x,靠近C涂层的TiC1-x晶粒较细小,靠近基体TiC1-x晶粒较粗大;高温热暴露使界面反应加剧,反应层厚度增加,反应层的生长符合抛物线规律,反应的动力学参数为频率因子k0=1.33×10-3m·s-1/2,反应激活能Q=243.22 kJ·mol-1.     

纤维涂层处理SiCf/SiC复合材料

分别采用酚醛和沥青为先驱体,在连续SiC纤维表面进行涂层制备,采用SEM、表面能谱等分析手段系统研究了涂层组成、结构及其对SiC纤维力学性能的影响.以含碳涂层的SiC纤维和聚碳硅烷(PCS)为原料通过先驱体转化法(PIP)制备SiCf/SiC复合材料,对其微观结构及性能进行了表征.结果表明,经过涂层处理后,在连续SiC纤维表面涂敷了一层无定形碳,纤维表面缺陷得到改善,抗拉强度有所提高.采用碳涂层SiC纤维制备SiCk/SiC复合材料后,断裂韧性明显提高.通过涂层处理有效地改善了SiCf/SiC复合材料的韧性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。