R32空气源热泵热水器的实验研究

为了解 R32 和 R410A 制冷剂应用于空气源热泵热水器时的性能优劣,采用同轴套管换热器与空调室外机组相匹配,使用电子膨胀阀作为节流装置,在国标GB/T 23137-2008 规定下实验测试 R32 和R410A 在同一套空气源一次加热式热泵热水器样机上的性能.实验结果表明,R32 的充注量仅为 R410A 充注量的74%左右;在各种实验条件下,R32 空气源热泵热水器的能效比不低于 R410A 系统;在3℃低温环境下,R32 样机的性能系数提高31.1%,但排气温度达到101.9℃.不利于 R32 制冷剂在低温条件下的应用;因容积制热量较大,在相同设计能力下 R32 压缩机的排气量可以比 R410A 系统降低4.5%.     

R417A和R22用于空气源热泵热水器的试验研究

对R417A和R22用于空气源热泵热水器进行试验,并在不同进水温度下对吸排气压力、吸排气温度、消耗功率、制热功率、热效率等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,混合工质R417A用于热泵热水器时,排气压力、输入功率低于R22的,制热功率易受水温影响,制热量低于R22的,性能系数下降迅速,但平均性能系数比R22的略高。     

Two-stage heat pump system with vapor-injected scroll compressor using R410A as a refrigerant

Refrigerant vapor-injection technique has been well justified to improve the performance of systems in refrigeration applications. However, it has not received much attention for air conditioning applications, particularly for air conditioning in hot climates and for heat pumping in cold climates. In this study, the performance of an 11 kW R410A heat pump system with a two-stage vapor-injected scroll compressor was experimentally investigated. The vapor-injected scroll compressor was tested with the cycle options of both flash tank and internal heat exchanger configurations. A cooling capacity gain of around 14% with 4% COP improvement at the ambient temperature of 46.1 °C and about 30% heating capacity improvement with 20% COP gain at the ambient temperature of −17.8 °C were found for the vapor-injected R410A heat pump system as compared to the conventional system which has the same compressor displacement volume.     

R410A空气源热泵冷热水机组的仿真

根据空气源热泵冷热水机组的稳态仿真模型，对采用R22和R410A的空气源热泵机组进行变工况稳态工作性能预测。研究表明，采用R410A替代后，机组制冷量提高9．4％～14．7％，系统性能系数降低8．7％～10．6％；机组制热量提高13．2％～15．1％，系统性能系数降低1．2％～3．3％。采用减小压缩机理论排气量、改变换热器管路布置和换热面积、提高风量等措施来优化热泵机组工作性能，以达到降低机组能耗、提高机组运行效率的目的。性能优化后，在制冷和制热工况下，系统性能系数COP可分别提高4．17％～4．70％和1．09％～1．25％。     

低温工况下R410A热泵蒸发器的除霜过程

在全自动焓差实验室和热泵性能测试系统中,对1台R410A空气源热泵翅片管式蒸发器的除霜过程进行了低温状态下的试验研究.通过改变蒸发器制冷荆侧和空气侧的流体温度,流量等参数,利用显微摄影机对室外侧换热器的平直翅片表面的除霜过程进行动态跟踪,得出适当的除霜周期,达到有效节能的目的.实验表明:在蒸发器的除霜过程中,设定除霜循环周期为5 min,可有效减少除霜能耗.达到节能的目的.     

Investigation of the heat pump water heater using economizer vapor injection system and mixture of R22/R600a

This paper presents the experimental study of a heat pump water heater (HPWH) using economizer vapor injection system and mixture of R22/R600a. Performances of HPWH using economizer vapor injection system are compared with that at different mixed mass ratios of R22/R600a. Study demonstrates that the heating capacity and energy efficiency ratio (EER) of the unit increased, and the discharge temperature of compressor decreased when using vapor injection and mixing refrigerant of R22/R600a. It is also found that the HPWH unit with economizer vapor injection system has a better performance for the high outlet water temperature under lower temperature conditions at 15% mass ratio of R600a for the mixing refrigerant. In addition, fundamental and practical influence of vapor injection pressure on the HPWH performance has been investigated experimentally. The simplified model is proposed for predicting the optimal vapor injection pressure of compressor using the mixing refrigerant R22/R600a.     

商用直热式热泵热水机组

阐述商业用直热式热泵热水机组的设计背景、设计难点和关键点。通过直热式热泵热水机组与循环式热泵热水机组的对比分析,说明直热式热泵热水机组的优势。同时针对直热式热泵热水机组的高温可靠性、除霜、水位控制等关键点的设计要点进行分析。根据国内外热泵热水行业的发展现状,指出国内热泵热水行业的发展方向。     

R290空气源热泵热水器的试验研究与对比

为了研究R290和R22在空气源热泵热水器上的性能,试验样机采用一套同轴式套管换热器（与某空调室外机组相匹配连接）和1个电子膨胀阀（安装在2个换热器之间）,根据国标GB/T23137—2008测试R290和R22在该样机上一次性加热热水的各种性能。试验结果表明,R290的充注量仅为R22的42%~46%;在各种试验条件下,R290的能效比不低于R22的,压缩比低且排气温度更低;R290压缩机排量需要比R22系统提高15.4%。     

家用直膨式太阳能热泵热水系统试验研究

搭建家用直膨式太阳能热泵热水系统试验台,测试分析太阳辐照度、水箱设定温度、集热蒸发器面积等对系统性能的影响。研究发现:在太阳辐照度由780 W/m~2提高到900 W/m~2时,系统平均COP可提高8%左右;该系统相比于同工况下常规空气源热泵热水系统平均COP提高33.2%左右;水箱设定温度每提高5℃,系统平均COP降低12%左右,建议控制水箱温度在50～55℃;综合考虑系统经济性、加热时间及系统性能,建议将采用容积为150 L水箱的直膨式太阳能热泵热水系统的集热蒸发器面积控制在2.0～2.6 m~2。     

双级一次加热式热泵热水机的研究

通过对市场上存在的循环加热式和一次加热式2种传统形式的热泵热水机进行对比分析,发现前者工程系统复杂,且由于系统水泵功耗会造成系统能效下降,而后者虽然工程得到简化,但由于长期高压比工作,能效低下。为此,作者设计出一种高效节能的新型热泵热水器形式——双级一次加热式热泵热水机,既取消了循环泵,保持了一次加热式的工程优势,同时也降低了系统的压缩比,实现了高能效。本文重点阐述双级一次加热式热泵热水机的设计方案、主要性能优势和相关关键技术,通过理论分析和实验验证,得出如下结论：双级一次加热式热泵热水系统与传统单级一次加热式相比,输入功率大幅下降,COP明显提高;双级一次加热式热泵热水系统与循环加热式相比,省却循环水泵的功耗,COP也具有优势。     

关于热泵热水机出水温度的探讨

分析热泵热水机出水温度确定的影响因素,认为主要考虑卫生问题和节能性。通过总结国内外相关标准、规范、手册等技术资料,认为60℃是比较合理的出水温度。同时指出,CO2作为热泵热水机制冷剂可以使机组出水温度和性能均获得提升,是热泵热水机产品升级的理想选择。     

Effects of intermediate pressure on the heating performance of a heat pump system using R410A vapor-injection technique

Recent heat pumps are actively equipped with a refrigerant vapor-injection technique to acquire better performance in severe operating conditions. In this study, the target system which has an additional expansion valve at the outlet of condenser was presented. The concept of intermediate pressure was generated in the target system. Effects of the intermediate pressure on the heating performance with various injection ratios were measured and analyzed according to the compressor frequencies ranging from 60 to 100 Hz. Unlike conventional vapor-injection cycle, the maximum injection ratio was highly affected by the intermediate pressure. The high intermediate pressure provided high initial heating capacity and COP; but it restricted the available range of vapor-injection within narrow limits. The result indicates that a proper operating strategy is needed for the vapor-injection cycle.     

热泵热水机的设计和工程应用

从节能和高效的观点出发,分析热泵热水机产品的效率和产品的设计要点;在工程应用方面,提出综合应用的方法,表明热泵热水机在提供生活热水和空调方面具有显著的节能效果。     

CO_2工质在热泵热水机中的应用

通过对CO2工质的特性进行分析和实验验证,探讨了CO2工质在热泵热水机中应用的可行性、优缺点、前景以及所面对的困难等,希望对CO2工质应用于热泵热水机起到促进作用。     

直热式热泵热水机组的开发初探

简要介绍直热式热泵热水机组的开发背景、应用前景、使用优点等,根据实际开发经验,对开发过程中的水温控制问题、除霜问题、高温制热问题等重点难点进行方向性分析,为直热式空气源热泵热水机的开发提供一些思路。     

涡旋压缩机在热泵热水器中的应用

热泵热水器以制取热水为目的，有别于普通制冷或空调设备。热泵热水器运行时冷凝温度和冷凝压力很高，对压缩机的可靠性和应用技巧提出了较高要求。涡旋压缩机以其可靠性好、效率高，在热泵热水器中得到了大量应用。     

CO2热泵热水系统试验研究

为了提高CO2热泵热水系统效率,针对CO2热泵系统跨临界循环特性,采用试验方法研究系统高压压力及回热循环对系统效率的影响。试验结果表明：系统排气压力对循环效率有显著影响,不同工况存在不同的最优压力;采用回热循环能够明显提高系统的制热能力和能效,系统能效最高可提高11%。同时,给出关于CO2热泵热水系统设计的一些参考建议。     

Transient thermal behavior of a water heater system driven by a heat pump

A dynamic model of a water heater system driven by a heat pump was designed to investigate transient thermal behavior of the system which was composed of a heat pump and a hot water circulation loop. Finite volume method was applied to describe the heat exchangers, and lumped parameter models were used to analyze the compressor and the hot water reservoir. Dynamic performances were evaluated as the hot water temperature changes for various sizes of the hot water reservoir. In order to compare the performance characteristics, time scale was normalized by the time constant determined from a quasi-steady state simulation of the system. From the simulation, the smaller size of the water reservoir was found to have larger transient performance degradation, and the larger size caused additional heat loss during the hot water storage period. Therefore, the reservoir size should be optimized in a design process to minimize both the heat loss and the performance degradation.     

空气源热泵热水器换热器的研究进展

分析空气源热泵热水器蒸发器和冷凝器的最新研究进展,总结蒸发器翅片结构优化方式及其性能提升效果,阐述蒸发器在低温工况下的结霜问题及除霜方法,介绍几类适用于太阳能-热泵耦合系统的新型蒸发器,概述冷凝器的类型及结构对其换热性能的影响,介绍4种可提高热泵热水器效率的新型冷凝器。     

制冷剂R32特性及其用于空气源热泵热水器的理论循环分析

介绍R32,R22和R407C以及R410A四种制冷剂的流动特性和热力学特性,并对采用这4种制冷剂的空气源热泵热水器进行理论循环分析。从计算结果可以看出,与采用其他3种制冷剂的系统对比,采用R32制冷剂的系统具有较低的压缩比,较高的理论COP以及容积制热量;在当前阶段,R32是用于空气源热泵热水器的一种较好的制冷剂。