核张量子空间分解EEG特征提取方法研究

针对共空间模式（Common Spatial Patterns,CSP）对源信号和记录的脑电信号之间严格的线性模式的假设关系,充分发挥张量在多维上同时处理的优势,研究了一种核张量子空间分解EEG特征提取方法。首先生成EEG数据的张量,利用带二次等式约束的最小二乘问题解决张量分解问题,并将张量扩展到子空间,减小计算的压力,最后推广到核空间,将数据投影到高维特征空间来增强辨别能力。实验数据采用2005年BCI竞赛III的数据集III_3a,实验结果表明,KTSD方法能够从多类运动想象任务的EEG数据中提取相应的特征,并得到较好分类结果和运行效率。     

基于PCA融合PSO-SVM的运动想象脑电信号分类方法

运动想象脑电信号的分类识别是当前脑机接口(BCI)技术面临的难点.针对该问题,提出一种融合主成分分析(PCA)和粒子群优化-支撑向量机(PSO-SVM)的运动想象脑电信号分类方法.首先利用PCA对采集到的高维脑电信号进行分析,剔除其中噪声分量并提取三维反应不同脑电信号差异特性的特征向量.然后利用SVM对特征向量进行分类...     

An entropy fusion method for feature extraction of EEG

Feature extraction is a vital part in EEG classification. Among the various feature extraction methods, entropy reflects the complexity of the signal. Different entropies reflect the characteristics of the signal from different views. In this paper, we propose a feature extraction method using the fusion of different entropies. The fusion can be a more complete expression of the characteristic of EEG. Four entropies, namely a measure for amplitude based on Shannon entropy, a measure for phase synchronization based on Shannon entropy, wavelet entropy and sample entropy, are firstly extracted from the collected EEG signals. Support vector machine and principal component analysis are then used for classification and dimensionality reduction, respectively. We employ BCI competition 2003 dataset III to evaluate the method. The experimental results show that our method based on four entropies fusion can achieve better classification performance, and the accuracy approximately reaches 88.36 %. Finally, it comes to the conclusion that our method has achieved good performance for feature extraction in EEG classification.

     

多任务运动想象脑电特征的融合分类研究

针对运动想象脑-机交互任务模式单一、识别精度低、实用性较差等问题,采用改进的共空间模式（CSP）的特征提取方法,并利用支持向量机（SVM）与CSP融合分类方法对多类任务运动想象脑电特征进行分类识别。首先,选择特定导联上的脑电信号进行小波分解与重构,去除冗余信息;其次,利用特征参数做差的方法,得到较为明显的脑电特征;最后,通过SVM融合CSP的分类模式,对脑电特征进行多任务分类。利用BCI竞赛数据,对左手,右手,舌和脚四类运动想象任务的脑电进行识别。结果表明：分类正确率最高达到90.9%,平均正确率为86.8%,Kappa系数为0.8867,信息传输速率可达0.68 bit/trial,能够有效的获得脑电特征并较好的实现多任务运动想象脑电识别。     

Two-phase classification: ANN and A-SVM classifiers on motor imagery BCI

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Electroencephalograms (EEG) monitor mental activity with the ultimate objective of allowing people to communicate with computers only via their thoughts. Users must create precise cerebral activity patterns that the system uses as control signals to do this. A common activity used to elicit such signals is Motor Imagery (MI), in which certain signals are created in the sensorimotor cortex while imagining the movements. The three phases of the traditional EEG–BCI processing pipeline are preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. We provide categorization advances and track performance gains in 4-class MI-based BCIs. In this study, 4-class MI events are produced via an illusory elevation of the left hand, right hand, feet, and tongue. Finally, a two-phase classification technique is provided with ANN classifiers being used in the first phase to discriminate between different pair-wise MI tasks. Secondly, an adaptive SVM classifier is used to assess the user's end task based on the weighted outputs of the classifiers. An adaptive classifier is one technique to maintain consistency in performance, reduce training time, and eliminate non-stationaries, all of which are required for efficient BCI performance. The suggested approach outperformed conventional two-stage classification algorithms on MI data, according to experimental findings. The average classification accuracy of this technique is 96% for datasets BCI competition IV 2a. This is a 4% improvement over the comparison approach.     

A discriminative subject-specific spatio-spectral filter selection approach for EEG based motor-imagery task classification

Motor-imagery tasks generate event related synchronization and de-synchronization in certain subject-specific frequency ranges of the subject’s ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) signals. The selection of frequency ranges for each subject is important for obtaining better classification accuracy of motor-imagery based Brain Computer Interface (BCI). Further, the spatial filters extracted corresponding to the selected spectral ranges also influence the classification accuracy. In this paper, a subject-specific spatio-spectral filter selection approach using a cognitive fuzzy inference system for classification of the motor-imagery tasks in a two step approach is presented. The cognitive fuzzy inference system (CFIS) employs an evolving interval type-2 system to classify the non-stationary features. The classifier employs a meta-cognitive sequential algorithm to determine both the structure and parameters of the CFIS. In the first step, the CFIS classifier is used to find the desired spectral filters by eliminating those frequency bands that do not affect the classification performance. In the second step, CFIS is used to eliminate those spatial filters which do not affect the performance. The performance of CFIS based spatio-spectral scheme has been evaluated using two publicly available BCI competition data sets and compared with other existing algorithms like FBCSP, DCSP and BSSFO. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the CSP method by approximately 15–18% and other algorithms like FBCSP, DCSP by 8–10%. Compared to a recently proposed algorithm BSSFO, it achieves an improvement of 2%, but is simpler in comparison to BSSFO. The main impact of the work is its ability to handle non-stationarity using interval type-2 sets and provide good classification performance. In general, the proposed CFIS algorithm can be applied in the field of expert and intelligent systems where it is necessary to deal with non-stationary signals.     

改进孪生网络的脑电信号处理方法

针对运动想象脑机接口系统中分类准确率低的问题,提出一种改进孪生网络的脑电信号分类方法,把原孪生网络中的两个子网络扩充成3个子网络,并设计了新的学习样本采集方法和距离函数;脑电信号经过小波变换及经验模态分解,利用自相关系数筛选得到预处理后的小波分量,然后随机分割成训练集和测试集,从训练集中按照新的学习样本采集方法获得学习样本集,将其输入3个权重共享的子网络进行训练,使用新的距离函数进行相似度的对比,最后计算测试样本特征与训练集中标签为1和标签为0样本特征相似度,选择最高相似度样本标签作为该待测样本的类别;通过对国际公开BCI Competition Ⅱ Data set Ⅲ和The largest SCP data of Motor-Imagery数据集进行仿真,此算法分类准确率高达94.29%;与现有性能较高的算法进行对比,其有效的提高了分类准确率,能更好地进行脑电信号分类识别。     

运动想象脑电信号特征提取与分类算法研究

针对运动想象脑电信号特征提取困难,分类正确率低的问题,提出了利用小波熵进行特征提取并采用支持向量机（SVM）来分类的算法。计算运动想象脑电信号的功率,通过理论分析选择小波包尺度,对信号功率进行小波包分解并计算其小波包熵（WPE）,提取C3、C4导联的小波包熵插值组成特征向量,将特征向量作为分类器的输入送入支持向量机进行分类。采用国际BCI竞赛2003中的Graz数据进行验证,算法的最高分类正确率达97.56%。算法特征向量维数低、数据量小、分类正确率高,对运动想象脑电信号特征提取及分类的任务可以提供参考方法。     

基于经验模态分解和SVM的脑电信号分类方法

脑电信号的非线性、非平稳性造成对运动想象脑电信号的分类识别存在特征提取困难、可区分性低以及分类识别性能差等问题。本文提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)和支撑向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)的运动想象脑电信号分类方法,充分利用EMD算法在处理非线性、非平稳信号的自适应性以及SVM在小样本条件的高识别性能和强泛化能力。首先利用EMD算法将C3、C4导联信号分解为一系列本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),然后从IMF的信息和能量等维度提取特征将脑电信号转换至区分性更强的特征域,最后利用SVM进行分类识别。采用国际BCI竞赛2003中的Graz数据进行验证,所提方法可以得到94.6%的正确识别率,为在线脑-机接口系统的研究提供了新的思路。     

基于样本熵和模式识别的脑电信号识别算法研究

脑-机接口BCI是一种实现人脑和外部设备通信的新兴技术。基于时频特性进行特征提取的传统方法无法体现EEG信号的非线性特征。为了进一步提高分类的准确率,首先采用小波阈值降噪的预处理方法提高了EEG信号的信噪比。然后结合非线性动力学的样本熵参数,对3种想象运动的脑电信号进行特征提取,保留了脑电信号的非线性特征。其中,运动想象MI脑电信号的研究一直都是BCI这一高速发展领域的重点目标。还研究了支持向量机、LVQ神经网络和BP神经网络3种分类器。通过实验结果对比发现,BP神经网络具有较高的识别率,更适用于脑电信号的分类识别。     

Classifying mental tasks based on features of higher-order statistics from EEG signals in brain-computer interface

In order to characterize the non-Gaussian information contained within the EEG signals, a new feature extraction method based on bispectrum is proposed and applied to the classification of right and left motor imagery for developing EEG-based brain-computer interface systems. The experimental results on the Graz BCI data set have shown that based on the proposed features, a LDA classifier, SVM classifier and NN classifier outperform the winner of the BCI 2003 competition on the same data set in terms of either the mutual information, the competition criterion, or misclassification rate.     

运动想象脑电的块选择共空间模式特征提取

共空间模式(CSP)作为一种空间滤波方法已在脑电信号(EEG)的特征提取上得到了广泛应用,而对脑电信号的通道和频带进行合理选择可以有效改善共空间模式特征在运动想象脑机接口(BCI)中的分类性能.针对已有选择方法中未充分考虑通道间差异性的问题,本文提出一种对通道和频带同时进行选择的块选择共空间模式(BS–CSP)特征提取...     

基于排列组合熵的脑电意识任务识别方法的研究

研究基于脑电信号排列组合熵的运动意识任务自动分类方法.求出时变脑电信号所对应的排列组合熵时间序列.它能很好的反映出事件相关去同步(ERD)和事件相关同步(ERS)现象,因此能有效地提取人脑想象左右手运动任务时的特征,最终利用K-近邻法模式分类方法对想象左右手运动任务进行分类决策.对国际脑机接口竞赛相关数据进行测试,最高准确率达到88.57%,最大互信息达到0.42.基于排列组合熵的脑电信号特征,可以作为脑电意识任务的有效分类依据.     

基于ERS/ERD的二级共空间模式的运动想象脑电信号特征提取

针对多类运动想象EEG信号在脑-机接口方面存在分类识别率低和被试者差异性的问题,提出了一种基于ERS/ERD现象的二级共空间模式特征提取的方法。首先对全部导联进行特定频段的小波包降噪和分解;其次对分解系数重构后的信号以手(左、右)和脚(脚、舌)这二类进行一级共空间模式获取空间滤波器并对其采用2-范数筛选准则,提取权重系数较大的N个导联;然后以优化导联的投影矩阵对手与脚进行空间滤波后的信号分别作为原始信号进行二级空间模式特征提取;最后采用支持向量机进行分类。采用BCI2005Ⅲa中三位被试者的数据进行仿真验证,得到分类正确率最高达到92.55%。结果表明,该方法对EEG信号的特征提取具有较好的效果。     

Modified CC-LR algorithm with three diverse feature sets for motor imagery tasks classification in EEG based brain–computer interface

Motor imagery (MI) tasks classification provides an important basis for designing brain–computer interface (BCI) systems. If the MI tasks are reliably distinguished through identifying typical patterns in electroencephalography (EEG) data, a motor disabled people could communicate with a device by composing sequences of these mental states. In our earlier study, we developed a cross-correlation based logistic regression (CC-LR) algorithm for the classification of MI tasks for BCI applications, but its performance was not satisfactory. This study develops a modified version of the CC-LR algorithm exploring a suitable feature set that can improve the performance. The modified CC-LR algorithm uses the C3 electrode channel (in the international 10–20 system) as a reference channel for the cross-correlation (CC) technique and applies three diverse feature sets separately, as the input to the logistic regression (LR) classifier. The present algorithm investigates which feature set is the best to characterize the distribution of MI tasks based EEG data. This study also provides an insight into how to select a reference channel for the CC technique with EEG signals considering the anatomical structure of the human brain. The proposed algorithm is compared with eight of the most recently reported well-known methods including the BCI III Winner algorithm. The findings of this study indicate that the modified CC-LR algorithm has potential to improve the identification performance of MI tasks in BCI systems. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique provides a classification improvement over the existing methods tested.     

多通道三维视觉指导运动想象脑电信号特征选择算法

针对基于三维视觉指导的运动想象脑机接口多通道冗余信息较多、分类准确率差的问题,提出了一种基于小波包分解（WPD）—共空间滤波（CSP）—自适应差分进化（ADE）的模式脑电信号特征提取与选择分类方法。首先,对采集的多通道运动想象脑电信号进行WPD变化,划分出精细的子频带;然后,分别将WPD变换后的每个子空间作为CSP的输入,得到对应的特征向量;最后,使用ADE算法对特征向量进行选择,选择出用于分类的最佳特征子集。采用WPD-CSP-ADE模式进行特征提取与选择,较经典的WPD-CSP方法在分类正确率、特征个数方面有着更好的表现。同时,所提算法分类性能明显优于遗传算法、粒子群算法。实验结果表明,WPD-CSP-ADE方法能够有效地提高分类正确率,同时减少了用于分类的特征个数。     

Exploring dimensionality reduction of EEG features in motor imagery task classification

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system based on motor imagery (MI) identifies patterns of electrical brain activity to predict the user intention while certain movement imagination tasks are performed. Currently, one of the most important challenges is the adaptive design of a BCI system. For solving it, this work explores dimensionality reduction techniques: once features have been extracted from Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the high-dimensional EEG data has to be mapped onto a new reduced feature space to make easier the classification stage. Besides the standard sequential feature selection methods, this paper analyzes two unsupervised transformation-based approaches – Principal Component Analysis and Locality Preserving Projections – and the Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis (LFDA), which works in a supervised manner. The dimensionality in the projected space is chosen following a wrapper-based approach by an efficient leave-one-out estimation. Experiments have been conducted on five novice subjects during their first sessions with MI-based BCI systems in order to show that the appropriate use of dimensionality reduction methods allows increasing the performance. In particular, obtained results show that LFDA gives a significant enhancement in classification terms without increasing the computational complexity and, then, it is a promising technique for designing MI-based BCI system.     

双树复小波特征在运动想象脑电识别中的应用

提出了一种基于双树复小波变换的运动想象脑电信号特征提取方法。针对传统离散小波抗混叠性差的缺陷,采用双树复小波变换对脑电信号进行分解与重构,得到各子带信号能量并进行归一化处理,选取α、β节律信号的归一化能量作为想象运动的特征进行SVM分类。通过对仿真信号的分析,证实双树复小波变换具有良好的混叠抑制能力和抗噪性。最后选用国际脑机接口竞赛和实验室实测的运动想象数据进行分类识别。实验结果表明,双树复小波变换是一种有效的特征提取方法,其运动想象特征的识别率要优于常用的特征分析方法。     

脑机接口中脑电信号的特征提取和模式分类

从智能处理与不确定性的角度, 探讨了脑机接口中的核心问题-EEG模式特征的识别和分类. 针对EEG模式分类中所存在的不确定性问题, 从EEG的特征提取和分类模型构建两个方面进行了分析, 并提出了解决问题的方法和对策. 以P300成分为例, 从导联选择、滤波处理和时间窗处理三方面进行特征提取, 采用贝叶斯线性判别分析的方法进行模式分类. 最后以第三届脑机接口竞赛P300字符输入的数据为实验, 分别采用3种不同的方法进行数据分析, 通过分类准确率和不同重复次数下性能的比较, 实验结果表明了本文特征提取和模式分类方法的有效性.