超声辅助磨削硬脆材料芯棒直径预测模型

超声辅助磨削是一种套料芯棒加工方法,而硬脆材料在超声辅助磨削加工过程中的去除模式主要为脆性断裂,这将导致加工出的芯棒直径与砂轮内径之间存在尺寸误差。针对上述问题,通过分析超声辅助磨削加工中砂轮表面金刚石磨粒的运动轨迹,运用压痕断裂力学理论建立了超声辅助磨削芯棒的直径预测模型。该模型考虑了脆性材料断裂时产生的侧位裂纹扩展对芯棒直径的影响。通过对K9光学玻璃材料进行超声辅助套料试验对模型进行了标定和验证,接着研究了进给速度和转速对芯棒直径误差的影响规律。通过对比研究发现,模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,误差小于5%,验证了模型的有效性。试验结果表明,采用适当的低转速和大进给速度可以有效降低超声辅助磨削芯棒直径的尺寸误差。本文所建模型可为超声辅助磨削套料芯棒的砂轮选择提供理论指导。     

Processing capabilities of micro ultrasonic machining for hard and brittle materials: SPH analysis and experimental verification

Micro ultrasonic machining (micro-USM) is an unconventional micromachining technology that has capability to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-holes, intricate shapes and features on various hard and brittle materials. The material removal in USM is based on brittle fracture of work materials. The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour are different for varied hard and brittle materials, which would make a big difference in the processing capability of micro-USM. To study the processing capability of USM and exploit its potential, the material removal of work materials, wear of abrasive particles and wear of machining tools in USM of three typical hard and brittle materials including float glass, alumina, and silicon carbide were investigated in this work. Both smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and verification experiments were conducted. The material removal rate is found to decrease in the order of glass, alumina, and silicon carbide, which can be well explained by the simulation results that cracking of glass is faster and larger compared to the other materials. Correspondingly, the tool wear rate also dropped significantly thanks to the faster material removal, and a formation of concavity on the tool tip center due to intensive wear was prevented. The SPH model is proved useful for studying USM of different hard and brittle materials, and capable of predicting the machining performance.     

A study on combined vibration drilling by ultrasonic and low-frequency vibrations for hard and brittle materials

This research aims to improve machining accuracy concerning the method of drilling ceramics and other hard and brittle materials as well as to establish a drilling technology that would ensure high efficiency and longer life of tools. Specifically, the authors contrived a new drilling method that combines ultrasonic vibrations of a diamond core drill and low-frequency vibrations of the workpiece and produced a combined vibration drilling apparatus experimentally. In this paper, the combined vibration drilling apparatus is used for a series of experiments under different vibration conditions to examine the behavior of drilling force, drilled hole accuracy, and edge chipping on the drilled hole surface. In addition, the behavior of tools during combined vibration drilling are theoretically examined. As a result of these considerations, the authors found that combining ultrasonic and low-frequency vibrations is one of the most effective methods for drilling hard and brittle materials.     

Dicing of hard and brittle materials with on-machine laser-dressed metal-bonded diamond blades

The ultra-precision dicing of hard and brittle materials causes high wear on the abrasive tool which results in the deterioration of blade cross section as well as the decrease of diamond grain exposure. Resin-bonded diamond blades are used due to their in-process self-sharpening capability. Nevertheless, the shape of the blade cross section generated by self-sharpening is random which leads to poor accuracy when precise grooves need to be produced. Metal-bonded diamond blades feature higher tool lifetime and shape accuracy compared to resin-bonded blades, but are not capable of performing self-sharpening. In this study, the laser dressing of metal-bonded diamond blades is investigated to enable their use in the ultra-precision dicing of hard and brittle materials by continuous laser dressing. We investigated laser dressing with and without the presence of cooling water. The sharpness (grain exposure) after dressing is measured by the cutting face surface roughness. The dicing performance is evaluated by observing the dicing results in terms of cutting depth consistency and by monitoring the spindle power during dicing. Dicing blades which have been laser dressed in an environment with coolant feature less grain exposure than dicing blades which have been laser dressed in dry condition. The dicing results show an improvement in the sharpness and durability of laser-dressed dicing blades in comparison with new or conventionally dressed blades. The ability to apply and perform laser dressing on a dicing machine in an environment with coolant shows the feasibility of laser technology for continuous dressing.     

超声振动在非金属硬脆材料加工中的应用

非金属硬脆材料具有独特的性质,使其在诸多行业的应用日益广泛。本文从材料的去除机理入手,提出了非金属硬脆材料加工难的问题,由此引出超声振动加工。结合近年来相关的文献资料,对国内外非金属材料加工中超声振动的应用进行了系统综述。