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1.
    
Distributed energy resources (DER) on the demand side have been fast growing, which could boost energy resilience by uninterruptedly supplying the commercial and residential sectors in the form of islanded microgrids when the utility electricity grid is out of service. Nevertheless, simply applying the centralized hierarchical control strategies, traditionally used for utility electricity grids, onto the islanded microgrids would encounter several critical issues. For instance, the control goals in secondary and tertiary control could be activated tardily, the single-point fault could cause critical system failure, and the properties of dynamic plug and play would be hard to achieve. To this end, decentralized and distributed control approaches have been explored to cope with the issues. Specifically, compared to the centralized hierarchical control, decentralized and distributed control strategies can (i) respond to disturbances more promptly, enhancing the performance of islanded microgrids with limited resources; (ii) guarantee system stability especially when a fault occurs and certain DERs are disconnected from the network; and (iii) facilitate deeper penetration of DERs in the microgrid, owning to the low computational complexity and sparse communication network. In this article, the common approaches for decentralized and distributed control are reviewed, and the current design trends and critical technical challenges are discussed to offer a comprehensive understanding of decentralized and distributed controlled microgrids.  相似文献   

2.
    
DC microgrid is one feasible and effective solution to integrate renewable energy resources, as well as to supply reliable electricity. The control objective of DC microgrids is to obtain system stability, low voltage regulation and equal load sharing in per unit. The droop control is an effectively method adopted to implement the control of microgrids with multiple distributed energy units. However in the application of low-voltage DC microgrids, the nominal reference mismatch and unequal cable resistances require a trade-off to be made between voltage regulation and load sharing. In this paper, a unified compensation framework is proposed using the common load condition in local controller, to compensate the voltage drop and load sharing errors. The voltage deviation is compensated with a P controller while the load sharing is compensated through a PI controller. An additional low bandwidth communication is introduced to share the output current information, and the average output current in per unit is generated to represent the common load condition. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed and compared with basic droop control and hierarchical structure method. The large signal stability is analyzed to define the margin of compensation coefficients. Simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method.  相似文献   

3.
提高直流微电网动态特性的改进下垂控制策略研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从理论上分析了功率扰动对输出电压的影响因素,提出一种阻性虚拟阻抗加补偿虚拟阻抗的改进下垂控制策略,阻性虚拟阻抗实现直流微电网稳态时的功率分配,补偿虚拟阻抗提升其动态性能;通过对一个简单的直流微电网进行小信号建模,给出了补偿虚拟阻抗的参数设计过程。仿真和实验结果表明,补偿虚拟阻抗下垂控制策略能够提升母线电压的动态特性,阻尼特性增强。  相似文献   

4.
微网技术解决了分布式发电大规模并网的问题,提高了可再生能源的效能,是分布式发电的高级利用形式。介绍了微网和并网开关的基本结构,分析了微网的运行模式,包括并网运行时微网的并网标准、微网与大电网的相互作用、孤岛运行时孤岛检测与孤岛划分。针对微网在不同运行模式下,其内部分布式电源运行特性不同的特点,对微网的控制策略展开深入的研究。  相似文献   

5.
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This study proposes a novel combined primary and secondary control approach for direct current microgrids, specifically in islanded mode. In primary control, this approach establishes an appropriate load power sharing between the distributed energy resources based on their rated power. Simultaneously, it considers the load voltage deviation and provides satisfactory voltage regulation in the secondary control loop. The proposed primary control is based on an efficient droop mechanism that only deploys the local variable measurements, so as to overcome the side effects caused by communication delays. In the case of secondary control, two different methods are devised. In the first, low bandwidth communication links are used to establish the minimum required data transfer between the converters. The effect of communication delay is further explored. The second method excludes any communication link and only uses local variables. Accordingly, a self-sufficient control loop is devised without any communication requirement. The proposed control notions are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink platform to highlight system performance. The results demonstrate that both proposed approaches can effectively compensate for the voltage deviation due to the primary control task. Detailed comparisons of the two methods are also provided.  相似文献   

6.
    
Microgrids can operate in both grid-connected mode and islanded mode. In order to smooth transfer from islanded mode to grid-connected mode, it is necessary to synchronize the point of common coupling (PCC) with main utility grid (UG) in voltage frequency, phase and amplitude. Conventional synchronization methods based on centralized communication are very costly and not suitable for multi-bus microgrids that have a large number of distributed generators (DGs). To address this concern, this study presents an active synchronization control strategy based on distributed cooperation technology for multi-bus microgrids. The proposed method can reconnect the microgrid in island to UG seamlessly with sparse communication channels. Synchronization correction signals are generated by a voltage controller, which are only transmitted to the leader DGs. Meanwhile, each DG exchanges information with its neighbors. Finally, the voltage of PCC will synchronize with the main grid and all DGs will achieve the consensus behaviors. Compared with traditional synchronization methods, the proposed method does not need complex communication networks and improves flexibility and redundancy. Even if the distributed communication breaks down, the primary droop control can still operate robustly. Small signal model of entire system is developed to adjust the parameters of distributed active synchronization controller. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.  相似文献   

7.
    
Different levels of the stored energy is the main challenge in control of the distributed energy storages (DESs) in an islanded microgrid. The conventional power-droop and the secondary distributed controllers of distributed generators (DGs) does not consider the long time-span dynamics of state of charge (SoC) of the DESs. Subsequently, the DESs with lower initial SoCs are discharged before other DESs. Besides, the SoC-droop primary control results in further deviation of the frequency of the microgrid. In this paper, the secondary control scheme is employed to share the power mismatch, match the SoCs of the DESs, and regulate the frequency and voltage of the microgrid. The proposed scheme has distributed cooperative architecture, and employs distributed terminal sliding mode controller (DTSMC) for the state regulators, and proportional controller for distributed power-sharing and SoC-matching. The proposed scheme organizes the controllable DGs, the DESs with limited SoCs, and the uncooperative DGs with unknown generation, through communicating between the neighbor cooperative DGs and DESs. Performance of the designed DTSMC is verified for the changes of communication topology, time-delays, data drop-outs, load variations, and external disturbances. DTSMC provides finite-time convergence, fast transients, and improved robustness.  相似文献   

8.
随着微网大规模推广应用,地域上较为相近的多类相序微网可互联形成单相/三相混联多微网系统。针对脱离配电网情况下所形成的区域自治多微网,提出一种多时间尺度集散式递阶控制策略,包括秒级分散式实时控制、分钟级集中式协调和小时级动态孤岛切换。其中,分散式实时控制基于各子微网自身稳定运行裕度实现源—荷—储功率调节,平抑光伏和负荷功率波动的同时跟踪联络线功率;集中式协调考虑分散式控制的弃光切荷量以及三相不平衡度约束,基于多目标混合整数规划实现源—荷—储集中式优化进行全局功率分配;动态孤岛切换通过组合互联方案决策实现区域多微网整体资源配置最优。经仿真实例验证,所提策略可实现单相/三相多微网多时间尺度递阶控制,实现应对源—荷波动的源—荷—储协调控制,有利于多微网离网的安全高效运行。  相似文献   

9.
廖丽  张昌华  段雪  刘倪 《电测与仪表》2018,55(18):01-08
由传统下垂控制方式构成的逆变器并联系统在受扰动时易产生振荡,当负荷发生剧烈变化时,系统的稳定性易受影响。在功率计算环节引入的低通滤波器会增大系统惯性的同时也会延缓系统响应速度。本文在传统控制方式上加入以下两项来改善效果,即功率微分项和一次函数项(功率与下垂控制系数的一次函数项)。功率微分项能明显提高系统的稳定运行性能和动态响应性能,一次函数项能有效实现下垂系数随功率变化自适应调节。  相似文献   

10.

直流微网可通过多端直流微网换流器提供暂态电压主动支撑来促进直流电压恢复,提升系统的故障穿越能力。该文首先建立了直流微网的动态模型,分析扰动后系统维持暂态稳定须遵循的约束条件,提出基于等电量准则的直流微网的暂态稳定判据,并结合直流电压的运行极限,计算系统的稳定裕度。在此基础上,分析了影响系统暂态稳定裕度的关键因素,提出直流微网的多端直流电压暂态主动支撑控制技术来释放储能、风电及负荷侧换流器隐藏的附加电量,拓展直流电压的暂态稳定裕度。最后,搭建了四端直流微网仿真系统,验证所提控制策略对直流电压暂态恢复的支持作用。

  相似文献   

11.
梁海峰  董玥  郑灿 《电力建设》2018,39(8):119-127
微电网对新能源具有较强的接纳能力。作为最能体现分布式电源“即插即用”特性控制技术,下垂控制也是实现孤岛模式下微电网电源间协调运行的热点技术。然而,当前该领域的研究大多集中在网络拓扑层面,对逆变器内在控制结构的研究并不深入。文章首先着眼于微电网下垂控制策略中逆变器个体的控制稳定性,在深入研究内在控制结构的基础上,建立了个体逆变器控制的全结构小信号传递函数模型;其次结合案例,从理论角度定量分析了控制器参数(下垂系数与电压环系数)的变化对系统稳定性的影响,并结合根轨迹法确定控制参数的选择范围,为逆变器的选择提供参考;最后利用时域仿真验证模型的实效性与分析方法的实用性,并证明结果能满足微电网稳定运行与动态特性要求。  相似文献   

12.
由于线路阻抗分布不均,基于下垂控制的孤岛型微电网需要引入二次调节手段以实现电压及功率的优化控制。传统的二次调节常通过微电网中心控制器(MGCC)实现,但由于存在中心节点,系统的可靠性及可扩展性差。本文提出了一种基于对等稀疏网络的分布式二次调节策略,该策略利用离散一致性算法,仅通过与邻居节点间的有限通信实现分布式单元功率均分及系统平均电压的调节。由于控制节点间完全对等,不存在中心控制器,增加了控制的可靠性及灵活性。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建孤岛型微电网,在JADE平台上开发分布式二次调节策略,联合仿真所提策略的有效性,并与已有集中式、自治式策略进行对比。详细分析通信延时对策略的影响,对通信网络拓扑结构进行多目标优化,根据延时的抗干扰能力选择最优拓扑结构。  相似文献   

13.
    
Abstract—The concept of a microgrid is emerging to be a technically viable approach for meeting reliable supply of electricity with increased availability in the presence of large-scale grid disturbances induced by severe weather events, as well to integrate various types of electricity sources and storage devices close to consumer loads. The existing approaches to studying and ensuring the stability of microgrids are largely incapable of providing the structural certainty to promote true plug-and-play operation, particularly with changing network conditions. Thus, there is a need and an opportunity to develop a stability criterion that can truly promote the plug-and-play capabilities of a microgrid. This article proposes a novel stability criterion that uses an impedance matching approach in a microgrid environment. Analytical and simulation results show stability boundaries that can be used in the grid-tied and islanded cases.  相似文献   

14.
离网型微网凭借独立、自治运行等特点,可有效保证网内负荷的正常供电。首先建立风电机组的时序出力模型,然后针对不同的储能运行策略,建立储能系统充放电模型;在传统时序蒙特卡洛算法的基础上,提出基于微网随机、时序等运行特性的可靠性评估算法,并对改进的RBTS Bus 6孤岛系统进行可靠性评估。算例分析表明,该算法能有效地计算离网型微网系统的可靠性指标。  相似文献   

15.
直流微电网的低惯性问题以及遭受扰动后分布式电源与负荷短时保持功率恒定引入的负阻尼,均会削弱直流电压的动态稳定性.对此深入探讨了直流微电网的动态稳定机理,从电量的角度赋予系统稳定判据物理意义.首先基于直流微电网的伏安特性,分析系统运行点的移动轨迹与稳定运行约束条件.其次,基于直流微电网的状态方程,推导系统的电量模型,分析各端换流器具备的暂态电量对系统稳定运行的影响机理,并结合稳定运行条件,提出基于附加电量的直流微电网的动态稳定裕度及判据.然后,基于直流微电网的动态稳定裕度,通过改进储能侧换流器的电压下垂控制,提出基于附加电量的直流微电网电压动态稳定控制策略,并分析其对直流电压暂态过程的影响.最后,搭建多端直流微电网仿真系统,验证所提电压动态稳定判据的正确性,以及附加电量对直流微电网动态稳定的支持能力.  相似文献   

16.
刘振国  金铭  于海  陈文涛  杨定乾 《中国电力》2023,56(2):93-101+156
为了实现系统功率双向传输控制、有功无功解耦控制、故障隔离等目标,2个交流微电网通过背靠背结构的电压源型变流器(VSC)进行直流互联。在功率双向流动系统中,定功率控制模式下变流器作为功率负载时,其直流或交流端口阻抗会呈负阻抗特性,进而减小系统阻尼,容易让系统失去稳定。针对该问题,提出一种多阻抗优化控制方法,不仅将该变流器直流和交流端口的负阻抗优化为正阻抗,还对定直流电压模式下的变流器直流端口阻抗进行优化,减小两侧阻抗的相位差,多角度增强系统的稳定性。首先,对系统的结构和控制进行了简单介绍。其次,对优化前两侧变流器多个端口阻抗的特性进行分析。然后,分析了多阻抗优化控制的工作机理,并得到优化后的端口阻抗模型。依据最小环路比和奈奎斯特稳定判据,对比分析了优化前后系统的稳定性。结果表明:提出的多阻抗优化控制方法能对系统中多个端口阻抗进行优化,不仅可以将原交、直流侧的阻抗特性从负优化为正,还可以减小直流侧阻抗间的相位差,使系统保持更大的稳定裕度。最后通过Matlab/Simulink仿真对所提控制方法的有效性进行了验证。  相似文献   

17.
张亚琼 《电气开关》2022,60(1):46-50
随着电网技术的发展,直流微电网已经成为了电网的重要组成部分,成为居民住宅和商用楼宇的主要能源来源型式,具有可靠性高、可控性强的优点.微电网的稳定性控制一直是微电网的重点研究方向,本文基于分布式控制模式下的微电网大信号、小信号模型的角度出发,采用Lyapunov方法研究了直流微电网中与大信号下稳定运行的参数边界条件,提出...  相似文献   

18.
Buck型变流器的功率级小信号传递函数会随输入电压变化而变化,对于宽输入电压范围的应用,会出现稳定性和动态不能兼顾的问题。详细分析了Buck型变流器小信号特性,总结了通常的设计方法,并且提出了采用输入电压作为补偿量去影响PWM锯齿波斜率的方案,从而抵消功率级中输入电压的影响。给出了一次侧控制和二次侧控制时具体的输入电压补偿电路。采用补偿电路的Buck型变流器在不同输入电压下环路增益的博德图一致性非常好,变换器能够取得较好的稳定性和动态。该方案解决了宽输入电压范围Buck型变流器的小信号设计问题,使得Buck型变流器更加适合于系统集成。  相似文献   

19.
电力系统中全部特征值QR分析法的有效性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍了电力系统静态稳定分析QR方法和AES()PS方法,并根据对山东电力系统的研究结果,分析指出了全部特征值QR分析法的适用范围、有效性及其不足。  相似文献   

20.
在分析光伏电池原理及最大功率跟踪基础上,分析了含光伏发电系统的微电网模型。对光伏系统控制采用的是两级式控制,前级Boost DC/DC实现光伏阵列最大功率跟踪控制以稳定直流母线电压,并可升高电压以满足后级逆变器需要。后级为DC/AC逆变器,对逆变器采用V/f控制策略,此控制策略用以保证微电网的频率电压的稳定性。在Matlab/Simulink平台搭建含光伏发电系统的微电网仿真模型,分别对在并网运行时改变光照和在孤岛运行时改变负荷进行仿真,验证控制策略能够保证光伏发电系统的稳定运行。  相似文献   

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