基于多元素和稳定同位素的特基拉酒原产地鉴定

为探索特基拉酒中多元素和稳定同位素的地域特色及其产地溯源的可能性,研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和稳定同位素比质谱法(IRMS)测定特基拉酒中多元素含量和稳定同位素比值,并结合化学计量学中主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析法(PLS-DA)建立模型,对墨西哥特基拉酒进行产地溯源判定。结果表明, 4个产区的特基拉酒中22种元素含量和稳定同位素δ13C和δ18O数值范围不同,具有一定地域特征。采用PCA和PLS-DA法能对墨西哥的特基拉酒进行产地判别,通过对16个样本进行判别验证,预测正确率为93.75%。研究表明,通过多元素含量和稳定同位素比值的测定,结合化学计量学分析方法,能够区分墨西哥不同产地的特基拉酒,为特基拉酒产地溯源可行性提供方法依据。     

基于矿质元素和稳定同位素的马铃薯产地溯源技术

为探讨矿质元素和稳定同位素在马铃薯产地鉴别上的可行性,分别对内蒙古、黑龙江、新疆、四川和广东5个马铃薯主产区进行代表性样品采集,测定其矿质元素含量和稳定同位素比值,主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析表明:采用步进式方法筛选出钠、铝、磷、锰、钴、镍、铜、镉8种矿质指纹指标,8种元素的交叉验证的正确判别率为89.3%;δ~(13)C比值和δ~(15)N比值基本可以成功区分内蒙古样品与黑龙江、新疆、广东样品,采用δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N建立的产地判别模型的判别正确率为82.0%;在钠、铝、磷、锰、钴、镍、铜、镉、δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N的综合指标下,不同产地的初始判别正确率达94.7%,交叉验证正确率达93.2%,均高于矿质元素含量和同位素比值单独判别正确率,判别结果良好。结果证明利用矿物元素和稳定同位素相结合的技术可以对马铃薯进行有效的产地判别,判别正确率较高,是产地溯源的有效方法。     

基于多元素和稳定同位素技术的桃产地溯源

目的 研究利用桃中多元素和稳定同位素地域特征进行产地溯源的可行性。方法 应用电感耦合等离子体质谱和稳定同位素比质谱技术,测试桃样品中54种元素和碳(13C/12C)、氮(15N/14N)、氢(2H/1H)、氧(18O/16O) 4种稳定同位素比值,分析不同产地桃的特征指标,采用逐步判别分析,建立产地判别模型,开展平谷、顺平和丹东桃产地溯源。结果 不同产地桃中碳和氧同位素比值差异显著(P<0.05),Na、Mg、Al、K、Mn、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Cd和Ba等11种元素含量差异显著(P<0.05)。筛选C、H、O、Mg、Al、K、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd等10项指标建立产地判别模型,进行原始回代检验和留一交叉检验,判别准确率均为100%。结论 研究表明,同时利用桃中多元素含量和稳定同位素比值特征指标建立产地判别模型,能够区分不同产地的桃,为桃产地溯源的可行性提供方法依据。     

基于矿质元素指纹分析的陈皮产地溯源研究

通过分析不同产地陈皮中矿质元素含量的差异,结合多元统计分析,筛选基于矿质元素指纹分析技术的有效产地溯源指标,构建陈皮不同产地鉴别的判别模型。该研究采集了广东、福建、重庆3个不同产地的206份陈皮样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）测定了32种矿质元素含量,结合方差分析、主成分分析和线性判别分析、正交-偏最小二乘法判别分析方法建立了陈皮产地判别模型。结果表明,陈皮样品的32种矿质元素中有26种元素含量在广东与其他两个产地间存在显著差异,而其中11种元素在3个不同产地间存在显著差异。经过主成分分析,从32种矿质元素可提取出4个主成分,代表了总指标70.0%的信息。基于主成分分析,陈皮样品可根据其来源进行初步聚类。其中前2个主成分的主要变量为Dy、Sm、Gd、Pr、Nd、Y、La、Fe、Be、V、Ce、Sc、Co、P、Mo、As、Pb、B这18种元素。通过线性判别分析确定了K、P、Ca、Co、Cu、Mn、Mo、V、Ni、B、Li、Pb、As、Sr、Ti、Th、Gd、Sc、Nd、Pr、Y这21种矿质元素为陈皮的有效溯源指标,基于正交-偏最小二乘法判别分析方法建立的判别模型确定了Sc、B、Y、Co、Nd、La、Pr、Be、Gd、Dy、Sm、Mo、Fe这13种元素的重要性。2种判别分析方法构建的判别模型的交叉验证和外部样品验证的整体正确判别率均达到100%,基本实现了陈皮的产地判别,研究证明矿质元素指纹分析技术可用于陈皮的产地溯源判别。     

多元素含量分析结合化学计量学对陈皮进行产地溯源

目的 研究不同地区陈皮中多种元素含量的差异, 结合化学计量学对其进行产地溯源。方法 从四川、广西、广东等产地收集110个样品, 超级微波消解处理样品, 电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES)测定40种元素的含量, 结合主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)、层次聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)对检测数据进行分析, 建立了陈皮的产地溯源模型。结果 不同产地陈皮样品中20种元素存在显著性差异, 产地溯源模型自变量拟合指数(Rx2)为0.669, 因变量拟合指数(Ry2)为0.879, 模型预测指数(Q2)为0.806, 可实现陈皮样品的产地判别, 对实际样品的准确率达96.67%。结论 研究表明多元素含量分析结合化学计量学可以作为陈皮产地溯源的有效方法。     

稳定同位素及矿物元素分析在谷物产地溯源中应用的研究进展

产地溯源是谷物真伪鉴别的重要研究内容之一。稳定同位素及矿物元素分析技术具有灵敏度高、可靠性强等优点,通过关联分析谷物中的稳定同位素、矿物元素信息与谷物的产地环境、种植方式等,并借助化学计量学手段进行分类、判别、建模等,可达到产地溯源的目的。本文系统分析了近10余年国内外有关稳定同位素及矿物元素分析技术在谷物产地溯源中的研究进展,在此基础上提出当前谷物产地溯源存在的问题,及今后稳定同位素和矿物元素分析技术在谷物产地溯源中的发展方向和研究重点。     

基于稳定同位素比率和矿质元素含量分析的进口大豆产地溯源

目的探索稳定同位素比率和矿质元素含量分析用于进口大豆溯源的可行性。方法采用稳定同位素质谱测定阿根廷和巴西大豆中的4种轻元素碳、氮、氢、氧的稳定同位素比率,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大豆中的38种矿质元素含量,对结果进行方差分析,并运用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析构建大豆产地判别模型。结果大豆的碳、氮、氢、氧稳定同位素比率(δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N、δ~2H、δ~(18)O)和镁、铝、钪等26种矿质元素含量具有明显的地域差异,结合多元统计学方法,可以有效地区分阿根廷和巴西所产的大豆,交叉验证的判别准确率均达到了100%。结论稳定同位素比率和矿质元素含量分析结合多元统计学方法可对阿根廷和巴西大豆进行有效的产地溯源,具有较大的应用前景,有望为进口大豆产地溯源技术的研究提供新的方法。     

基于矿物元素指纹图谱技术的芸豆产地溯源研究

探讨矿物元素指纹分析技术对芸豆产地溯源的可行性,筛选出判别芸豆产地溯源的有效指标。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定来自依安县和拜泉县2个地域54份芸豆样品中31种矿物元素的含量,对数据进行方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析。研究表明,芸豆中25种矿物元素含量在地域间存在显著性差异,通过逐步判别分析筛选出Ca、As、Mg和Pt 4项元素指标建立芸豆产地判别模型,所建立的模型对芸豆产地整体交叉检验判别率为94.4%。因此,矿物元素指纹图谱技术可用于判别芸豆产地来源。     

矿物元素和有机成分指纹组合判别芸豆产地

分析不同地域来源芸豆中矿物元素和有机成分组成特征及含量差异,探讨矿物元素和有机成分指纹组合分析技术对芸豆产地鉴别的可行性。检测来自依安、拜泉县2个主产区54份芸豆样品中31种矿物元素和3项有机成分含量,对数据进行方差分析和判别分析。研究表明,矿物元素指纹对芸豆产地交叉检验的整体正确判别率为94.1%;有机成分指纹对芸豆产地交叉检验的整体正确判别率为83.3%;矿物元素和有机成分指纹组合对芸豆产地的正确判别率显著提高,交叉检验的整体正确判别率达到100.0%。因此,矿物元素和有机成分指纹组合分析结合多元统计学是用于芸豆产地溯源的一种有效技术。     

崇明老白酒产地溯源判别

以上海崇明米酒为研究对象,分析米酒中氢氧稳定同位素自然丰度值(δ²H和δ¹⁸O值)、矿物元素和游离氨基酸的含量,通过主成分分析和偏最小二乘判别分析,建立崇明老白酒产地判别模型并进行特征变量筛选。结果表明,不同产地米酒的δ²H和δ¹⁸O值、矿物元素和游离氨基酸含量存在差异,但只有δ²H和δ¹⁸O值、Ca和Mn含量在统计学上差异显著(P＜0.05);主成分分析可实现崇明老白酒的产地判别,偏最小二乘判别分析最优模型对崇明老白酒的判别正确率达100%;基于建模变量的重要性,确定了δ²H、Sr、Arg、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ca 和δ¹⁸O 8个变量为崇明老白酒产地判别的特征变量,可以应用于米酒的产地溯源。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press