缺口对TC21钛合金全片层组织拉伸性能的影响

研究了缺口对具有全片层组织的TC21钛合金的拉伸性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析了其显微组织和断口形貌特征,计算出了不同退火状态下TC21合金的缺口敏感性系数,并建立TC21钛合金显微组织-缺口拉伸性能的定量关系。结果表明:缺口半径对全片层组织的TC21钛合金的拉伸强度和塑性有显著的影响;随缺口半径的增大,合金拉伸强度逐渐下降,塑性也降低,没有出现"缺口强化"效应;随退火温度增加,全片层组织的TC21钛合金的缺口敏感性减小;缺口对TC21合金的微观断裂机制影响不大,主要为准解理和延性断裂两种混合断裂机制,但随着缺口半径增加,合金断口的宏观特征脆性倾向越明显。     

退火温度对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了退火温度对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度升高,初生α相含量降低,2°～15°小角度晶界逐渐减少;退火温度较高时,退火过程中发生了α相→β相→α相的相变,<0001>//横向织构消失。随着退火温度升高,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo合金屈服强度逐渐降低,抗拉强度、延伸率先升高后降低。退火温度升高后,片层组织比例升高,裂纹扩展功占冲击吸收功的比例增大,材料韧性提升。     

退火工艺对激光立体成形TC21钛合金组织和性能的影响

利用BLT-C1000型激光立体成形设备制备了TC21钛合金块体,并对其分别进行了单级和双级退火处理,研究了单级和双级退火工艺对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,激光立体成形TC21钛合金的沉积态组织主要为网篮状组织。单级退火温度影响初生α相板条尺寸,低于550 ℃退火时,初生α相板条长度和宽度变化较小,高于650 ℃退火时初生α相板条长度明显增加,宽度略微降低。屈服强度和抗拉强度随退火温度升高而降低,断后伸长率和断面收缩率随退火温度升高而增大。双级退火时随第一级退火温度升高,初生α相含量降低,随着第二级退火温度的升高,次生α相尺寸增加。综合考虑,双级退火时宜选择870~900 ℃的第一级退火温度和560 ℃的第二级退火温度。     

TC21合金片层组织特征对其断裂韧性的影响

研究TC21合金经β相区固溶并慢速冷却后的片层组织特征(晶界α层厚度、α片层宽度、α集束尺寸)及断裂韧度随冷却速率的变化规律,探讨片层组织特征与断裂韧度的关系。结果表明:随着冷却速率的增大,TC21合金α片层集束、α片层厚度及晶界α层宽度均减小。在本文实验测试尺度范围内,α片层宽度、α片层集束尺寸及晶界α层厚度的增大均可提高合金的断裂韧性。     

热处理对EB铸锭直接轧制TC4合金板材组织和力学性能的影响

对电子束冷床炉熔铸的TC4钛合金扁锭,通过3个火次轧制获得了不同厚度的板材,研究了不同退火温度(750、780、810和850 ℃)对板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,一火轧制板材的显微组织破碎不充分,提高退火温度未能明显改变初生α相的形态,二火、三火轧制后原始片层组织逐渐完全破碎,等轴状初生α相比例相应提升,随着退火温度的升高,二火板材初生α相逐渐球化,三火板材初生α相在780 ℃开始逐渐长大,次生α相均呈现出增厚变宽的趋势。综合分析认为,一火板材在810 ℃、二火板材在840 ℃、三火板材在750 ℃退火后,获得了较好的强度和塑性匹配;通过对相应合金板材断口形貌分析,室温断裂机制和高温断裂机制均为典型的韧性断裂。     

退火温度对TC25钛合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用三火次热轧工艺制备出厚度为6.0mm的TC25钛合金板材,研究了退火温度对TC25钛合金板材显微组织、室温力学性能和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明：在760～840℃范围内,随着退火温度的升高,TC25钛合金板材热加工形成的等轴组织中初生α相长大;当退火温度升高至880℃时,显微组织由等轴组织向双态组织转变;温度进一步升高至920℃时,呈现双态组织;当退火温度达到960℃时,双态组织中的初生α相含量明显减少,次生α相含量显著增多。双态组织的TC25钛合金板材相比等轴组织的TC25钛合金板材具有更好的室温力学性能和高温力学性能。TC25钛合金板材在920～960℃退火时可获得双态组织,且具有良好的室温和高温拉伸性能。     

选区激光熔化成形TC4合金退火态力学性能及组织的研究

研究了退火处理对选区激光熔化技术(SLM)制备的TC4钛合金的力学性能及显微组织影响。结果表明,选区激光熔化成形的TC4合金试样主要由针状α′相组成,随着退火温度升高,逐渐分解成α+β相,且由魏氏组织向网篮组织转化,伸长率逐渐增大,屈服强度下降,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征。综合比较,800℃×90 min退火处理后合金具有较好的力学性能,抗拉强度为902.43 MPa,伸长率为2.38%。     

退火对TC25G钛合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同退火处理对TC25G钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响。结果表明,初生α相的含量对一次退火温度非常敏感,且随着一次退火温度的升高,其强度呈缓慢上升趋势,塑性先升高后降低。随着一次退火保温时间的延长,初生α相的尺寸有增加的趋势,同时β转变组织逐渐粗化,保温时间对其塑性影响较为明显。随着冷却速度的提高,塑性明显下降,强度明显升高。二次退火温度对棒材的强度和塑性均有影响,当二次退火温度超过600℃后,其强度轻微升高而伸长率和断面收缩率明显下降。二次退火温度对TC25G钛合金棒材的冲击性能影响显著,二次退火温度超过600℃时,与技术条件规定的≥24 J相比,不能满足要求,二次退火温度不超过560℃时,试样的冲击性能明显提高,达到技术要求。     

退火温度对TA31钛合金大口径无缝管组织与性能的影响

利用真空自耗电弧炉+电子束冷床炉熔铸了Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo(TA31)钛合金圆锭,通过铸坯直接斜轧穿孔制备出ø178 mm×12 mm大口径无缝管,研究了不同退火温度(800、850、900、950 ℃)对TA31钛合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明:轧制态无缝管为变形的魏氏组织,主要由片层状α相集束和原始β相晶界组成;退火处理后,片层状初生α相减少,原始β相晶界消失,组织逐渐均匀化,但当退火温度超过900 ℃后,α相集束粗化并转变为网篮组织;随退火温度的升高,抗拉强度与屈服强度先略微降低后缓慢增大,而伸长率呈先增大后减小趋势,断口形貌由韧性+准解理混合型断裂逐渐变为韧性断裂再转变为韧性+准解理混合型断裂。综合分析认为,短流程制备的TA31钛合金大口径无缝管适宜退火温度为900 ℃左右,此时抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率平均值分别为873 MPa、785 MPa和12.8%。     

固溶时效对Ti-5Al-3V-1Mo-1Zr钛合金钻杆组织演变及力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

利用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和力学性能测试等手段分析相变点上两阶段固溶时效(TSSA)对Ti-5Al-3V-1Mo-1Zr钛合金钻杆片层组织演变规律及力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过采用相变点上TSSA工艺获得了全片层转变组织,随时效温度的升高,全片层转变组织的晶界α相平均宽度由5.5μm增至9.0μm,集束内的α片层平均宽度由2.75μm增至3.95μm,材料抗拉和屈服强度变化幅度均小于0.15 MPa/℃;与原始挤压态相比,钛合金的冲击功增加74.07%,材料冲击功与α片宽度满足Hall-Petch关系;经(1000℃, 1 h,炉冷(FC))→(600℃, 1 h,空冷(AC))+(550℃, 6 h,AC)热处理后钛合金具有良好的综合性能匹配,其屈服强度为894 MPa,夏比V型缺口冲击功(-20℃)为46 J,伸长率为7.5%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.