An improved capacity data hiding technique based on image interpolation

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Data hiding in multimedia objects such as text, images, audio and video clips is a technique that has been widely used to achieve security for applications...     

Subjectively adapted high capacity lossless image data hiding based on prediction errors

This article reports on a lossless data hiding scheme for digital images where the data hiding capacity is either determined by minimum acceptable subjective quality or by the demanded capacity. In the proposed method data is hidden within the image prediction errors, where the most well-known prediction algorithms such as the median edge detector (MED), gradient adjacent prediction (GAP) and Jiang prediction are tested for this purpose. In this method, first the histogram of the prediction errors of images are computed and then based on the required capacity or desired image quality, the prediction error values of frequencies larger than this capacity are shifted. The empty space created by such a shift is used for embedding the data. Experimental results show distinct superiority of the image prediction error histogram over the conventional image histogram itself, due to much narrower spectrum of the former over the latter. We have also devised an adaptive method for hiding data, where subjective quality is traded for data hiding capacity. Here the positive and negative error values are chosen such that the sum of their frequencies on the histogram is just above the given capacity or above a certain quality.     

High capacity data hiding schemes for medical images based on difference expansion

Since the difference expansion (DE) technique was proposed, many researchers tried to, improve its performance in terms of hiding capacity and visual quality. In this paper, a new scheme, based on DE is proposed in order to increase the hiding capacity for medical images. One of the characteristics of medical images, among the other types of images, is the large smooth regions. Taking advantage of this characteristic, our scheme divides the image into two regions; smooth region and non-smooth region. For the smooth region, a high embedding capacity scheme is applied, while the original DE method is applied to the non-smooth region. Sixteen DICOM images of different modalities were used for testing the proposed schemes. The results showed that the proposed scheme has higher hiding capacity compared to the original schemes.     

High capacity reversible data hiding scheme based upon discrete cosine transformation

In this paper, we propose a reversible data hiding scheme based on the varieties of coefficients of discrete cosine transformation of an image. Cover images are decomposed into several different frequencies, and the high-frequency parts are embedded with secret data. We use integer mapping to implement our 2-dimensional discrete cosine transformation. Thus, the image recovered from the modified coefficients can be transformed back to the correct data-hidden coefficients. Since the distribution of 2-dimensional DCT coefficients looks close to Gaussian distribution centralized at zero, it is a natural candidate for embedding secret data using the histogram shifting approach. Thus, our approach shifts the positive coefficients around zero to the right and the negative coefficients around zero to the left in order to leave a space to hide the secret data. The experimental comparisons show that, compared to Chang et al. and Lin et al.'s method, the embedding capacity and quality of the stego-image of the proposed method is a great improvement.     

High capacity data hiding based on multi-directional pixel value differencing and decreased difference expansion

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Data hiding is an important research topic over the years. The PVD based techniques embed secret data into the cover image on the difference between the two...     

High capacity data hiding for 3D point clouds based on Static Arithmetic Coding

Multimedia Tools and Applications - 3D meshes are widely used today in very different domains for examples; game, medical diagnostic, CAD (computed aided design) or more recently 3D printing. In...     

Image interpolation based high capacity reversible data hiding scheme

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, we propose a new interpolation technique which considers all the neighboring pixels as well as their impact on the reference pixels to provide...     

基于直方图对的无损数据隐藏在指纹图像中的应用

指纹识别技术是最早的通过计算机实现的身份识别手段,在今天也是应用最为广泛的生物特征识别技术,但是该识别技术仅针对指纹图像本身.研究了在确保指纹图像不变的情况下隐藏信息,从而来提高识别的正确率.主要讲述了指纹图像(JPEG)的无损数据隐藏,采用的方法是直方图对,该方法的核心是构造直方图对从而嵌入信息.实验结果表明,该方法对指纹图像的纹理特征破坏小,嵌入后的图像的视觉失真也较小,图像质量较高,几乎不影响指纹图像的识别,同时可以把嵌入的信息和指纹识别结合起来从而提高身份认证的效率.     

I-PVO based high capacity reversible data hiding using bin reservation strategy

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Improved Pixel-Value-Ordering (I-PVO) based reversible data hiding scheme provides high-fidelity watermarked images with high data embedding capacity. In this...     

Embedding capacity raising in reversible data hiding based on prediction of difference expansion

Most of the proposed methods of reversible data hiding based on difference expansion require location maps to recover cover images. Although the location map can be compressed by a lossless compression algorithm, this lowers embedding capacity and increases computational cost during the procedures of embedding and extracting. The study presents an adaptive reversible data scheme based on the prediction of difference expansion. Since each cover pixel generally resembles its surrounding pixels, most of the difference values between the cover pixels and their corresponding predictive pixels are small; therefore, the proposed scheme gains from embedding capacity by taking full advantage of the large quantities of smaller difference values where secret data can be embedded. The proposed scheme offers several advantages, namely, (1) the location map is no more required, (2) the embedding capacity can be adjusted depending on the practical applications, and (3) the high embedding capacity with minimal visual distortion can be achieved. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme yields high embedding capacity by comparing the related schemes that are proposed recently.     

Reversible data hiding based compressible privacy preserving system for color image

In digital era, privacy preservation and data size reduction are important issues and many applications handle them simultaneously. In this paper, authors introduce a novel application of reversible data hiding to protect privacy sensitive region in a color image while reducing its file size. The proposed work introduces entropy as a new performance criterion along with distortion, capacity for reversible data hiding. Evaluation metric of the proposed method is a file size of watermarked and losslessly compressed image. The proposed method preserves privacy and controls rise in image entropy by reversible data hiding.

     

An adaptive data hiding scheme with high embedding capacity and visual image quality based on SMVQ prediction through classification codebooks

This study exploits the characteristics of image blocks to develop an adaptive data hiding scheme that is based on SMVQ prediction. Since human beings’ eyes are highly sensitive to smooth images, changes in smooth cause great distortion and attract the attention of interceptors. Hence, this study proposes a data embedding scheme for embedding secret data into edge blocks and non-sufficiently smooth blocks. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves the quality of the stego-image and the embedding capacity.     

基于图像插值和椭圆拟合的联指图分割算法

提出一种基于图像插值和椭圆拟合的联指图分割算法.该算法充分利用指纹图像中指纹区域和非指纹区域存在的灰度差异,实现了多指指纹的自动分割.实验表明,该算法不仅能够对低对比度联指图、噪声联指图、“光环”联指图、联指图旋转、部分残缺联指图等常规联指图进行正确分割,且可成功实现指纹连接情况下的特殊联指图分割.     

An improved lossless data hiding scheme based on image VQ-index residual value coding

Copyright protection and information security have become serious problems due to the ever growing amount of digital data over the Internet. Reversible data hiding is a special type of data hiding technique that guarantees not only the secret data but also the cover media can be reconstructed without any distortion. Traditional schemes are based on spatial, discrete cosine transformation (DCT) and discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) domains. Recently, some vector quantization (VQ) based reversible data hiding schemes have been proposed. This paper proposes an improved reversible data hiding scheme based on VQ-index residual value coding. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms two recently proposed schemes, namely side-match vector quantization (SMVQ)-based data hiding and modified fast correlation vector quantization (MFCVQ)-based data hiding.     

Halftoning based algorithms for image hiding

Digital halftoning is an important process to convert a continuous-tone image into a binary image with pure black and white pixels. This process is necessary when printing a monochrome or color image by a printer with limited number of ink colors. The main contribution of this paper is to present a halftoning method that conceals a binary image into two binary images. More specifically, three distinct gray scale images are given, such that one of them should be hidden in the other two gray scale images. Our halftoning method generates three binary images that reproduce the tone of the corresponding original three gray scale images. Quite surprisingly, the secret binary image can be seen by overlapping the other two binary images. In other words, the secret binary image is hidden in two public binary images. Also, it is very hard to guess the secret images using only one of the two public images, and both of these two public images are necessary to get the secret image. Another contribution of this paper is to extend our halftoning method to hide one image and more than one image into more than two images. The resulting images show that our halftoning method hides and recovers the original images. Hence, our halftoning technique can be used for watermarking as well as amusement purpose.     

Reversible data hiding based on PDE predictor

In this paper, we propose a prediction-error expansion based reversible data hiding by using a new predictor based on partial differential equation (PDE). For a given pixel, PDE predictor uses the mean of its four nearest neighboring pixels as initial prediction, and then iteratively updates the prediction until the value goes stable. Specifically, for each pixel, by calculating the gradients of four directions, the direction with small magnitude of gradient will be weighted larger in the iteration process, and finally a more accurate prediction can be obtained. Since PDE predictor can better exploit image redundancy, the proposed method introduces less distortion for embedding the same payload. Experimental results show that our method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.     

Separable data hiding in encrypted image based on compressive sensing and discrete fourier transform

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images has become an effective and popular way to preserve the security and privacy of users’ personal images. Recently, Xiao et al. firstly presented reversible data hiding in encrypted images with use of the modern signal processing technique compressive sensing (CS). However, the quality of decrypted image is not great enough. In this paper, a new method of separable data hiding in encrypted images are proposed by using CS and discrete fourier transform, which takes full advantage of both real and imaginary coefficients for ensuring great recovery and providing flexible payload. Compared with the original work, the proposed method can obtain better image quality when concealing the same embedding capacity. Furthermore, image decryption and data extraction are separable in the proposed method, and the secret data can be extracted relatively accurately.